CN104642230A - Combined culture method of fresh water grass carps - Google Patents
Combined culture method of fresh water grass carps Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined culture method of fresh water grass carps. The combined culture method comprises the following steps: feeding grass carps with the weight of 2g-50g with a feed with the protein content more than or equal to 32% and the particle size of 1.0mm-2.0mm; feeding grass carps with the weight of 50g-250g with a feed with the protein content of 30%-32% and the particle size of 2.0mm-3.0mm; feeding grass carps with the weight of 250g-750g with a feed with the protein content of 28%-30% and the particle size of 3.0mm-5.0mm; and feeding grass carps with the weight of more than 750g with a feed with the protein content less than or equal to 26% and the particle size of 5.0mm-7.0mm. According to the combined culture method, the scientific feeding of the feeds is emphasized; feeds with adaptive nutritional ingredients are fed according to different growth periods of the grass carps, and meanwhile, the particle sizes of the feeds are reasonably selected, so that the efficient feeding of the feeds is realized, and the problem that an existing feed adoption mode of the grass carps is not matched with the feeding habit, digestive physiology and nutrition metabolism of the grass carps is solved; the combined culture method is suitable for being widely popularized and used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of combined type cultivation method of fresh water grass carp, is specifically related to the cultural method of the high-efficiency environment friendly of fresh-water fishes under pond culture condition, belongs to fish culture technical field.
Background technology
Fishery-ies product because of its delicious meat, be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid, become and ensure the class meat product that is highly profitable of human health, its consumption figure is growing and exceed the growth rate of pork, beef and mutton, becomes main meat product source.Grass carp has meat plumpness, and yellowish pink pure white, delicious flavour, stings the features such as less between flesh, and rapidly, price fluctuation is little, and market prospects are wide in growth simultaneously; On the other hand, grass carp also has good processing quality.Sustained production increases in recent years, and annual production has broken through 4,000,000 tons, accounts for about 20% of cultivation total amount.Become large freshwater fish culturing kind that China's development potentiality is maximum.
The unscientific grass carp aquaculture model of tradition brings the increase of aquaculture cost, the destruction of such as water environment, the minimizing etc. of water and soil resources can be utilized, therefore, how to improve existing grass carp cultural technique level further, while increase cultivation yield per unit area and benefit, preserve the ecological environment, current culture fishery urgent problem just, the ecological cultivation method of patent document CN104145857A(fresh-water fishes, 2014.07.23) one is disclosed by improving pond environment, control water source, select fingerling, the reasonable arrangement of feedstuff feeding, the ecologic breeding that the many-side such as regulating and controlling water quality is carried out, if cultivate in strict accordance with which, although cultured output and quality can be improved, but need at cultivation initial stage a large amount of input cost, economic well-being of workers and staff is inconsiderable.
Certainly, in fish culture cost, also there is problem on the other hand, artificial feed cost accounts for 60 ~ 70% of aquaculture cost, if do not held science materials method in throwing something and feeding, not only can waste feed, and can water quality be ruined, bring out various disease.At present, the materials of fresh-water fishes are generally select single heavy property feed whole process to throw something and feed, and ignore the selection of the particle diameter of feed, as patent document CN103766252A(fresh-water fishes high-yielding non-pollution cultural method, 2013.12.09), the cultural method of CN103782933A(fresh-water fishes, 2013.09.18), CN104171688A(mono-kind improves the cultural method of grass carp quality, 2014.12.03) etc., this materials pattern, in the breeding process of grass carp, usually can cause the trophic level of feed lower than or higher than the physiological requirements of grass carp, too low trophic level at utmost can not play the growth potential of grass carp, too high trophic level then causes grass carp build poor, fish price is sold in impact, on the other hand, the feed being not suitable for specification does not have enough time to ingest with regard at the bottom of sinking pond, and no longer by Feeding in Grass Carp after sinking to the bottom, causes feed waste, polluted water.Therefore, how to improve the materials pattern of feed, carry out scientific and reasonable throwing something and feeding, be improve fish to the availability of feed, control aquaculture cost, realize the effective way of aquaculture sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined type cultivation method of fresh water grass carp, the science that this cultural method focuses on feed is thrown something and fed, the vegetative stage different according to grass carp is equipped with the feed adapting to nutrient component, simultaneously, the particle diameter of rational selection feed, not only achieve efficiently throwing something and feeding of feed, more solve existing grass carp materials pattern and the unmatched problem of Feeding in Grass Carp habit, digestive physiology and Nutrition and Metabolism, be suitable for extensively promoting the use of.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of combined type cultivation method of fresh water grass carp, and described cultural method comprises, by fish weighing scale, and 2 ~ 50 g grass carps, the feed of protein content >=32% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 1.0 ~ 2.0 mm; 50 ~ 250 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 30 ~ 32% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 2.0 ~ 3.0 mm; 250 ~ 750 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 28 ~ 30% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 3.0 ~ 5.0 mm; Be greater than 750 g grass carps, the feed of protein content≤26% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 5.0 ~ 7.0 mm.
This cultural method is applicable to pond culture place, in actual breeding process, every two weeks is needed to draw a design to grass carp, proofing process comprises and first carries out food calling with feed to fish, fish for 40 ~ 100 tail grass carps with fishing net again, weigh gross weight, record mantissa, calculate breeded fish average weight, and then decide the selection of feed according to the body weight measuring rear grass carp.
The present invention sets the feed containing Different Nutrition composition and grain diameter according to the Different growth phases of grass carp, first, the growth cycle of grass carp is divided into four-stage by the present invention, per stage joins the feed with optimum level of diet protein according to the difference of Optimum dietary protein level, avoid grass carp because of protein deficient, and cause the growth potential failing to give full play to grass carp, simultaneously, protein can be avoided again to supply excessive, and the feed waste caused and to defects such as the pollutions of water quality, secondly, the present invention is also according to the physilogical characteristics of grass carp Different growth phases, the feed of phase suitable particle diameter is provided, its advantage is: fish always tend to ingest expend minimum time, comprise the food of ceiling capacity (net energy), feed particle diameter is excessive, swallow back and tell phenomenon, ingestion difficulty, feed particle diameter is too small, the feed granules quantity of Unit Weight increases, the vision interference of fish increases, obtain equivalent weight feed ingest time to extend, ingestion frequency increases, travelling feeding process energy ezpenditure increases, therefore suitable feed particle diameter to be ingested power consumption to minimizing, alleviating the low dissolved oxygen in bait throwing in district stress, improve food utilization efficiency extremely important.
For improving the grazing rate of Dietary of Grass Carp, reduce the input of feed cost, in the present invention, described feed is made up of sinking property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed, by weight, the materials ratio of described heavy property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed is (0.8 ~ 1.2): 1.
The advantage that the present invention selects heavy property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed combinations to throw something and feed is, buoyancy expanding feed is suspended in the water surface, on the one hand, need when fish searches for food to emerge, be convenient to the situation of searching for food that raiser directly can observe fish, the timely adjustment throwing amount of raising, avoids feed to drop into and too much causes water pollution; On the other hand, buoyancy expanding feed, through causing vitamin loss in high temperature working processes, combines to throw something and feed with heavy property hard pellet diet and can avoid the hypovitaminosis of grass carp.
Described feed is thrown something and fed by the mode of every day 4 ~ 6 times, each 20 ~ 30min, every minor tick 2 ~ 3h, and its advantage is: throw something and feed compared with in the of twice with tradition, and this feeding method can provide the efficiency of feed utilization of fish, reduces feed coefficient, increases economic benefit.
Further, the step of at every turn throwing something and feeding of described feed is as follows:
A: before feedstuff feeding 3 ~ 5 minutes, to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at interval of 10 ~ 15s;
B: after fish is concentrated, to throw something and feed heavy property hard pellet diet at interval of 6 ~ 8s;
C: the first terminating to throw something and feed 4 ~ 6 minutes, to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at interval of 10 ~ 15s.
Adopt the advantage of above-mentioned mode of throwing something and feeding to be: according to the mode of throwing something and feeding of " slow-fast-slow " " few-many-few ", to be convenient to the concentrated situation of observing fish, prevent fish from not concentrating or food leave after feed intake too much, cause feed waste.Exist at actual mechanical process, as rainy weather, because the dissolved oxygen in the overcast and rainy sky and water is low, the difference of searching for food of fish, therefore, buoyancy expanding feed of can only throwing something and feeding, is convenient to the situation of searching for food of observing fish, needs how many how much throwing, avoids feed waste.
Further, by fish weighing-machine, the feedstuff feeding amount of 10 ~ 100 g grass carps is the feedstuff feeding amount of 3 ~ 6%, more than 100g grass carps of grass carp body weight is 1.5 ~ 4% of grass carp body weight.
Use water transfer fish and turn down fish and raise together with, in actual breeding process, water transfer fish and adjust ground fish can absorb do not absorbed by grass carp feed chip, grass carp ight soil, plankton, alleviate the pollution to pond after feed, ight soil and plankton death, maintain the health of breeding environment, avoid the generation of eruptive epidemic disease, by grass carp weighing-machine, the water transfer fish raised together with, the weight ratio adjusting ground fish and grass carp are 1:1:8.
In the present invention, described water transfer fish selects the adult water transfer fish of 300 ~ 600g, comprises one or more in silver carp, bighead, spoon tail sturgeon, mullet; The described body weight turning down fish is less than grass carp body weight, comprises one or more in shrimp, yellow cartfish, crucian.
For further improving the culture efficiency of grass carp, described breeding way also comprises, and before aqiuculrue, arranges pond bottom blowdown water system; In the water surface for aquaculture of every 2 ~ 4 mu, be equipped with an aerator, described aerator 0.4 ~ 0.6h before feed feeds intake opens, and after feed feeds intake, 0.4 ~ 0.6h closes.In the present invention, installing pond bottom blowdown system, can to reduce the endogenous in pond aerobic; Open the dissolved oxygen that aerator can be the growth supply abundance of grass carp, meanwhile, aerator can also stir large amount of organic and the inorganic nutrient salt of pond bottom deposition, the culture efficiency of provide to the growth of epiplankton and supplement the nutrients material, raising grass carp.
Described breeding way also comprises, March November to next year uses pond to change end product, can be used for improving bottom material of pond for breeding, use training algae, cultivation product April to October, can be used for regulating pond phycomycete, when practical application, pond change at the bottom of the logical prestige that end product can use market on sale change, logical prestige is prebiotic falls ammonia spirit, logical prestige vigor organic phosphor etc.; Cultivation product can use lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria etc.; Logical prestige feed companion, vigor algae source etc. that training algae product can use market on sale.
In the present invention, phycomycete regulation and control can effectively reduce the content of harmful substance of ammonia nitrogen in water, nitrite, reach the effect of removing pond water stench, improving cultivation water environment, under normal circumstances, detect pond water quality with the instrument of specific determination ammonia nitrogen, content of nitrite, after carrying out phycomycete regulation and control, in water, the amount of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can reduce by 30 ~ 60% and 15 ~ 50%.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) the invention provides a kind of Combined grass fish culture method of environmental protection, sustainable development, the science that this cultural method focuses on feed is thrown something and fed, comprise and coordinate a series of Optimized Measures such as Different Nutrition composition, product form, product cut size and regulating and controlling water quality according to grass carp Different growth phases, the method not only increases the effective rate of utilization of fish to feed, control aquaculture cost, realize the effective way of aquaculture sustainable development especially.
(2) vegetative stage that the present invention is different according to grass carp is equipped with the feed of different protein content, avoid grass carp because of protein deficient, and cause the growth potential failing to give full play to grass carp, simultaneously, protein can be avoided again to supply excessive, and the feed waste caused and to defects such as the pollutions of water quality.
(3) instant invention overcomes existing grass carp materials pattern and the unmatched cultivation situation of Feeding in Grass Carp habit, digestive physiology and Nutrition and Metabolism, the feedstuff feeding of suitable particulate particle diameter is selected according to the difference in Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus stage, in breeding process, suitable feed particle diameter to be ingested power consumption to minimizing, alleviating the low dissolved oxygen in bait throwing in district stress, improve food utilization efficiency extremely important, practical effect is good.
(4) feed that the present invention uses is made up of sinking property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed, when throwing something and feeding, heavy property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed carry out combination by the grass carp situation of searching for food and throw something and feed, its advantage is: buoyancy expanding feed is suspended in the water surface, need when fish searches for food to emerge, be convenient to the situation of searching for food that raiser directly can observe fish, the timely adjustment throwing amount of raising, avoid feed to drop into and too much cause water pollution, simultaneously, buoyancy expanding feed through causing vitamin loss in high temperature working processes, combine to throw something and feed with heavy property hard pellet diet and can avoid the hypovitaminosis of carp, it is very reasonable to use.
(5) the present invention throws something and feeds by the mode of every day 4 ~ 6 times, each 20 ~ 30min, every minor tick 2 ~ 3h, throwing something and feeding first throws something and feeds at every turn respectively to throw something and feed after buoyancy expanding feed heavy property hard pellet diet again, its object is to: the efficiency of feed utilization improving fish, reduce aquaculture cost.
(6) the present invention is specific to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at rainy weather, its object is to the situation of searching for food of being convenient to observe fish, needs how many, throw how many, avoid waste.
(7) for reaching the more excellent culture efficiency of grass carp, the present invention also adopts water transfer fish and adjusts ground fish and grass carp to raise together with, usual preferably 2 ~ 3 kinds of water transfer fishes and tune ground fish, in actual breeding process, water transfer and adjust ground fish can absorb do not absorbed by grass carp feed chip, grass carp ight soil, plankton, alleviate the pollution to pond after feed, ight soil and plankton death, maintain the health of breeding environment, avoid the generation of eruptive epidemic disease.
(8) the inventive method also proposed the measure improving pond configuration, as being provided with pond bottom blowdown device and opening aerator, when reality uses, the endogenous that pond bottom blowdown device can reduce pond is aerobic, have for grass carp cultivates the advantage brought: effectively reduce cultivation sediments and decompose oxygen consumption, poisonous and harmful substance at the bottom of pond, the fish disease preventing water pollution from causing takes place frequently, and reduces aquaculture cost; The unlatching of aerator can not only be the dissolved oxygen of the growth supply abundance of grass carp, can also stir large amount of organic and the inorganic nutrient salt of pond bottom deposition, the culture efficiency of provide to the growth of epiplankton and supplement the nutrients material, raising grass carp.
(9) the inventive method also proposed the technical scheme of regulating and controlling water quality, as different according to season, different ponds is selected to change end product or train algae, cultivation product as required, there is the harmful substance contents effectively reducing ammonia nitrogen, nitrite in water, reach the effect of removing pond water stench, improving cultivation water environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
The present invention proposes a kind of combined type cultivation method of fresh water grass carp, the science that this cultural method focuses on feed is thrown something and fed, comprise and coordinate a series of Combinatorial Optimizations such as Different Nutrition composition, product form, product cut size and regulating and controlling water quality according to grass carp Different growth phases, the method not only increases the effective rate of utilization of fish to feed, control aquaculture cost, realize the effective way of aquaculture sustainable development especially.
The present embodiment takes into full account grass carp own body weight, throws something and feeds in conjunction with the feed with Different Nutrition composition and product form, and its cultural method is as follows: by fish weighing scale, 2 ~ 50 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 32% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 1.0 mm; 50 ~ 250 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 30% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 2.0mm; 250 ~ 750 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 28% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 3.0mm; Be greater than 750 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 26% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 5.0 mm.
Embodiment 2:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: the feed that the present embodiment relates to is made up of heavy property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed, and by weight, the materials ratio of heavy property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed is 0.8:1.
Embodiment 3:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 is: in the present embodiment, and the input mode of feed is, throws something and feeds by the mode of every day 4 times, each 20min, every minor tick 2h.
Wherein, the step of at every turn throwing something and feeding of feed is as follows:
A: first 3 minutes of feedstuff feeding, to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at interval of 10s,
B: after fish is concentrated, to throw something and feed heavy property hard pellet diet at interval of 6s,
C: terminate to throw something and feed first 4 minutes, to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at interval of 10s.
Adopt the advantage of above-mentioned mode of throwing something and feeding to be: according to the mode of throwing something and feeding of " slow-fast-slow " " few-many-few ", to be convenient to the concentrated situation of observing fish, prevent fish from not concentrating or food leave after feed intake too much, cause feed waste.
Embodiment 4:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 is: mode thrown in by the feed taked when the present embodiment is applicable to rainy weather, because the dissolved oxygen in the overcast and rainy sky and water is low, the difference of searching for food of fish, therefore, only can to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed, to be convenient to the situation of searching for food of observing fish, need how many throw how many, avoid feed waste, mode of throwing something and feeding is carried out according to the mode of every day 6 times, each 30min, every minor tick 3h.
Embodiment 5:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is: in the present embodiment, each feeding volume of feed carries out in the following manner: with grass carp weighing-machine, the feedstuff feeding amount of 10 ~ 100 g grass carps is the feedstuff feeding amount of 3%, more than 100g grass carp of grass carp body weight is 1.5% of grass carp body weight.
Embodiment 6:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: the present embodiment is except limiting feed nutrition proportioning and grain graininess, also use water transfer fish and turn down fish and grass carp is raised together with, by fish weighing-machine, the water transfer fish raised together with, the weight ratio adjusting ground fish and grass carp are 1:1:8.
Embodiment 7:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 6 is: the water transfer fish that the present embodiment relates to selects the adult water transfer fish of 300g, as: silver carp, bighead; That turns down that fish selects body weight to be less than grass carp body weight turns down fish, as: shrimp, yellow cartfish.
Embodiment 8:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 6 is: the water transfer fish that the present embodiment relates to selects the adult water transfer fish of 600g, as: spoon tail sturgeon, mullet; That turns down that fish selects body weight to be less than grass carp body weight turns down fish, as: shrimp, crucian.
Embodiment 9:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: the present embodiment, except limiting feed nutrition proportioning and grain graininess, also improves pond culture environment, as: before aqiuculrue, pond bottom blowdown water system is set; Every 2
Be equipped with an aerator in the water surface for aquaculture of mu, described aerator 0.4h before feed feeds intake opens, and after feed feeds intake, 0.4h closes.
Embodiment 10:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: described breeding way also has: November ~ March next year uses pond to change end product, for improving bottom material of pond for breeding; Use training algae, cultivation product April ~ October, for regulating pond phycomycete.
Set up contrast experiment's group (1), (2), (3), (4), experimental data is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Above-mentioned contrast experiment is organized the grass carp that the grass carp of cultivation and embodiment 1 ~ 10 cultural method obtain to compare, as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Grass carp build | Water quality environment | Feed injected volume | Feed coefficient | Culture benefit (unit/jin) | |
| Embodiment 1 | Better | Better | In right amount | 1.60 | 1.20 |
| Embodiment 2 | Better | Better | In right amount | 1.59 | 1.32 |
| Embodiment 3 | Better | Better | In right amount | 1.59 | 1.32 |
| Embodiment 4 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.60 | 1.20 |
| Embodiment 5 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.60 | 1.20 |
| Embodiment 6 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.58 | 1.38 |
| Embodiment 7 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.56 | 1.42 |
| Embodiment 8 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.57 | 1.40 |
| Embodiment 9 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.57 | 1.40 |
| Embodiment 10 | Better | Good | In right amount | 1.58 | 1.38 |
| Contrast experiment's group (1) | Difference | Difference | Few | 1.88 | 0.76 |
| Contrast experiment's group (2) | Difference | Difference | Less | 1.88 | 0.76 |
| Contrast experiment's group (3) | Difference | Difference | In right amount | 1.85 | 0.78 |
| Contrast experiment's group (4) | Difference | Difference | Many | 1.89 | 0.75 |
Embodiment 11:
The present embodiment with Jiayu County, Xianning, Hubei Province grass carp raiser for objective for implementation.
Contrast groups: 2013, grass carp cultured area 23 mu, stocking model is grass carp 2000 tails/mu, counterpoise 50 g/ tail; The pattern of throwing something and feeding is that whole process is thrown something and fed the special heavy property feed of protein content 30% grass carp; Feed every day twice according to a conventional method, on March 6th, 2013 puts seedling, and July 20 received fish, 4 first quarter moon fish.Feed coefficient is 1.62, and culture benefit is 1.1 yuan/jin.
Experimental group: 2014, identical pond and stocking model, the pattern of throwing something and feeding is that combination is thrown something and fed; 50 ~ 250 g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 32% and heavy property feed, and 250 ~ 750 g grass carps are thrown something and fed the grass carp buoyancy feed of protein content 28% and heavy property feed, and protein content of feeding after 750 g is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 26% and heavy property feed; Feeding method: 3 minutes before feeding, low frequency (15s interval time) is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed; After most fish is concentrated, normal frequency is thrown something and fed (interval 8s) sinking pellet diet; Terminate to throw in raise 5 minutes, slow down throwing and raise frequency (interval 15s), buoyancy expanding feed of throwing something and feeding.Rainy weather is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed.In the whole cultivation phase, the materials ratio of buoyancy expanding feed and sinking pellet diet is about 1.0:1; Throw something and feed every day 5 times.March 14 put seedling, and July 16 received fish, and 4 totally months, feed coefficient 1.53, culture benefit was 1.6 yuan/jin.
After within 2014, adopting new materials pattern, pond water quality is pure and fresh, and without special smell, and during whole cultivation, the general pool and eruptive epidemic disease do not occur, culture benefit is compared 2013 and improved 50%.
Jiayu County, Xianning, the Hubei Province grass carp raiser that the present embodiment relates to nearly 2 years grass carp cultivation situations are as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Embodiment 12:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 11 is:
With Jiayu County, Xianning, Hubei Province grass carp raiser for objective for implementation.
Contrast groups: 2014, grass carp cultured area 50 mu, stocking model is grass carp 2000 tails/mu, counterpoise 60g/ tail; The pattern of throwing something and feeding is that whole process is thrown something and fed the special heavy property feed of protein content 30% grass carp; Feed every day twice according to a conventional method, on March 6th, 2014 puts seedling, and July 20 received fish, 4 first quarter moon fish.Feed coefficient is 1.63, and culture benefit is 1.08 yuan/jin.
Experimental group: 2014, pond of the same area and stocking model, the pattern of throwing something and feeding is that combination is thrown something and fed; 2 ~ 50 g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 33% and heavy property feed, 50 ~ 250 g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 31% and heavy property feed, 250 ~ 750 g grass carps are thrown something and fed the grass carp buoyancy feed of protein content 29% and heavy property feed, and protein content of feeding after 750 g is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 25% and heavy property feed; Feeding method: 5 minutes before feeding, low frequency (12s interval time) is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed; After most fish is concentrated, normal frequency is thrown something and fed (interval 7s) sinking pellet diet; Terminate to throw in raise 6 minutes, slow down throwing and raise frequency (interval 15s), buoyancy expanding feed of throwing something and feeding.Rainy weather is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed.In the whole cultivation phase, the materials ratio of buoyancy expanding feed and sinking pellet diet is about 1.2:1; Throw something and feed every day 5 times.March 14 put seedling, and July 16 received fish, and 4 totally months, feed coefficient 1.50, culture benefit was 1.68 yuan/jin.
After adopting new materials pattern experimental group year, pond water quality is pure and fresh, and without special smell, and during whole cultivation, the general pool and eruptive epidemic disease do not occur, culture benefit is compared contrast groups and improved 55%.
Jiayu County, Xianning, the Hubei Province grass carp raiser that the present embodiment relates to nearly 2 years grass carp cultivation situations are as shown in table 4.
Table 4
Embodiment 13:
The objective for implementation of the present embodiment comprises:
Contrast groups: 2013, grass carp cultured area 30 mu, stocking model is grass carp 2400 tails/mu, counterpoise 40g/ tail; The pattern of throwing something and feeding is that whole process is thrown something and fed the special heavy property feed of protein content 32% grass carp; Feed every day twice according to a conventional method, on March 6th, 2013 puts seedling, and July 20 received fish, 4 first quarter moon fish.Feed coefficient is 1.62, and culture benefit is 1.05 yuan/jin.
Experimental group: 2014, identical pond and stocking model, the pattern of throwing something and feeding is that combination is thrown something and fed; 2 ~ 50 g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 34% and heavy property feed, 50 ~ 250 g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 31.5% and heavy property feed, 250 ~ 750 g grass carps are thrown something and fed the grass carp buoyancy feed of protein content 29% and heavy property feed, and protein content of feeding after 750 g is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 25.5% and heavy property feed; Feeding method: 4 minutes before feeding, low frequency (12s interval time) is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed; After most fish is concentrated, normal frequency is thrown something and fed (interval 7s) sinking pellet diet; Terminate to throw in raise 5 minutes, slow down throwing and raise frequency (interval 12s), buoyancy expanding feed of throwing something and feeding.Rainy weather is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed.In the whole cultivation phase, the materials ratio of buoyancy expanding feed and sinking pellet diet is about 0.9:1; Throw something and feed every day 5 times.March 14 put seedling, and July 16 received fish, and 4 totally months, feed coefficient 1.52, culture benefit was 1.62 yuan/jin.
After within 2014, adopting new materials pattern, pond water quality is pure and fresh, and without special smell, and during whole cultivation, the general pool and eruptive epidemic disease do not occur, culture benefit is compared 2013 and improved 54%.
Jiayu County, Xianning, the Hubei Province grass carp raiser that the present embodiment relates to nearly 2 years grass carp cultivation situations are as shown in table 5.
Table 5
Embodiment 14:
The objective for implementation of the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 13 are:
Contrast groups: 2014, grass carp cultured area 20 mu, stocking model is grass carp 2000 tails/mu, counterpoise 50g/ tail; The pattern of throwing something and feeding is that whole process is thrown something and fed the special heavy property feed of protein content 35% grass carp; Feed every day twice according to a conventional method, on March 6th, 2014 puts seedling, and July 20 received fish, 4 first quarter moon fish.Feed coefficient is 1.62, and culture benefit is 1.15 yuan/jin.
Experimental group: 2014, pond of the same area and stocking model, the pattern of throwing something and feeding is that combination is thrown something and fed; 2 ~ 50g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 32% and heavy property feed, 50 ~ 250g protein content of throwing something and feeding is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 31% and heavy property feed, 250 ~ 750 g grass carps are thrown something and fed the grass carp buoyancy feed of protein content 28% and heavy property feed, and protein content of feeding after 750 g is the grass carp buoyancy feed of 26% and heavy property feed; Feeding method: 4 minutes before feeding, low frequency (13s interval time) is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed; After most fish is concentrated, normal frequency is thrown something and fed (interval 7s) sinking pellet diet; Terminate to throw in raise 5 minutes, slow down throwing and raise frequency (interval 14s), buoyancy expanding feed of throwing something and feeding.Rainy weather is thrown something and fed buoyancy expanding feed.In the whole cultivation phase, the materials ratio of buoyancy expanding feed and sinking pellet diet is about 1.1:1; Throw something and feed every day 5 times.March 14 put seedling, and July 16 received fish, and 4 totally months, feed coefficient 1.50, culture benefit was 1.69 yuan/jin.
After adopting new materials pattern experimental group year, pond water quality is pure and fresh, and without special smell, and during whole cultivation, the general pool and eruptive epidemic disease do not occur, culture benefit is compared contrast groups and improved 47%.
Jiayu County, Xianning, the Hubei Province grass carp raiser that the present embodiment relates to nearly 2 years grass carp cultivation situations are as shown in table 6.
Table 6
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not do any pro forma restriction to the present invention, every any simple modification, equivalent variations done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a combined type cultivation method for fresh water grass carp, is characterized in that: described cultural method comprises, by fish weighing scale, and 2 ~ 50 g grass carps, the feed of protein content >=32% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 1.0 ~ 2.0 mm; 50 ~ 250 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 30 ~ 32% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 2.0 ~ 3.0 mm; 250 ~ 750 g grass carps, the feed of protein content 28 ~ 30% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 3.0 ~ 5.0 mm; Be greater than 750 g grass carps, the feed of protein content≤26% of throwing something and feeding, particle diameter 5.0 ~ 7.0 mm.
2. the combined type cultivation method of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed is made up of sinking property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed, by weight, the materials ratio of described heavy property hard pellet diet and buoyancy expanding feed is (0.8 ~ 1.2): 1.
3. the combined type cultivation method of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described feed is thrown something and fed by the mode of every day 4 ~ 6 times, each 20 ~ 30min, every minor tick 2 ~ 3h.
4. the combined type cultivation method of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the step of at every turn throwing something and feeding of described feed is as follows:
A: before feedstuff feeding 3 ~ 5 minutes, to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at interval of 10 ~ 15s,
B: after fish is concentrated, to throw something and feed heavy property hard pellet diet at interval of 6 ~ 8s,
C: the first terminating to throw something and feed 4 ~ 6 minutes, to throw something and feed buoyancy expanding feed at interval of 10 ~ 15s.
5. the combined type cultivation method of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: by grass carp weighing-machine, the feedstuff feeding amount of 10 ~ 100 g grass carps is the feedstuff feeding amount of 3 ~ 6%, more than 100g grass carps of grass carp body weight is 1.5 ~ 4% of grass carp body weight.
6. the breeding way of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 1, is characterized in that: use water transfer fish and turn down fish and raise together with, and by fish weighing-machine, the water transfer fish raised together with, the weight ratio adjusting ground fish and grass carp are 1:1:8.
7. the breeding way of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described water transfer fish selects the adult water transfer fish of 300 ~ 600g, comprises one or more in silver carp, bighead, spoon tail sturgeon, mullet; The body weight of described tune ground fish is less than grass carp body weight, comprises one or more in shrimp, yellow cartfish, crucian.
8. the breeding way of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described breeding way also comprises, and before aqiuculrue, arranges pond bottom blowdown water system; In the water surface for aquaculture of every 2 ~ 4 mu, be equipped with an aerator, described aerator 0.4 ~ 0.6h before feed feeds intake opens, and after feed feeds intake, 0.4 ~ 0.6h closes.
9. the breeding way of a kind of fresh water grass carp according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described breeding way also comprises, and November ~ March next year uses pond to change end product, uses training algae, cultivation product April ~ October.
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