CN104635163A - On-line estimation early warning method for SOH (State Of Health) of electric vehicle battery pack - Google Patents
On-line estimation early warning method for SOH (State Of Health) of electric vehicle battery pack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-line estimation early warning method for an SOH (State Of Health) of an electric vehicle battery pack. The method comprises the following steps: S1, measuring initial maximum capacity of each single battery; S2, acquiring real-time charge and discharge current of each single battery by using a battery management system and estimating an SOC value before and after charge and discharge of each single battery; S3, calculating the SOH value after each charge and discharge of each single battery; S4, judging whether the single battery of which the SOH value is smaller than a first preset threshold value exists in the battery pack, executing a step S6 if the single battery exists, and otherwise, executing a step S5; S5, calculating an average value of the SOH values of all single batteries in the battery pack, judging whether the single battery of which the SOH value differs from the average value for more than a second preset threshold value exists in the battery pack, executing a step S6 if the single battery exists, and otherwise, returning to execute the step S1; S6, triggering the battery management system to enter a protection state and emitting alarm. The method has the advantages of high real-time property, high accuracy, simple implementation mode and low cost and can be widely applied to the monitoring field of the battery pack.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the management control field of battery of electric vehicle group, particularly relate to a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning.
Background technology
Cell health state: State Of Health, is called for short SOH, and inscribe the ability that battery table reveals due charge-discharge characteristic when to embody in charge and discharge cycles a certain, this parameters relationship, to the aging aspects of battery, can have influence on performance and the life-span of battery.In battery of electric vehicle group system, along with electric motor car distance travelled increases, electric battery carries out charge and discharge cycles repeatedly, battery will old and feeblely gradually be degenerated, internal resistance and active volume change, simultaneously because each cell aging rate is different, that causes on cell health state is inconsistent, causes electric battery overall performance to reduce.In order to avoid the appearance of this situation, battery management system needs to carry out SOH estimation on line to each cell in battery of electric vehicle group, its health status of Real-Time Monitoring, needing when there is the cell of serious aging to give the alarm to user, pointing out it to carry out battery altering in time.
Cell health state evaluation method comparatively conventional at present is mainly divided into three kinds: (1) internal resistance measurement method: because cell degradation can cause its internal resistance to raise, and therefore carries out qualitative analysis by measuring battery DC internal resistance to its SOH.The shortcoming of this method is do not have clear and definite data corresponding relation between the internal resistance of cell and SOH, cannot carry out quantitative test.(2) direct electric discharge: because cell degradation is mainly reflected in the minimizing of battery active volume, therefore put by being completely full of battery, measure the maximal value of its active volume, active volume when dispatching from the factory divided by it under same test condition, be the SOH value in this moment of battery.The shortcoming of this method is that carrying out complete charge and discharge cycles to battery needs processed offline, length consuming time and need large-scale charging/discharging apparatus support, is difficult to be applied on on-vehicle battery.(3) electrochemical model method: by measuring battery electrochemical parameter, as voltage, temperature, capacity, impedance etc., analyzing electrode decay of activity situation, sets up battery electrochemical model, thus infer the mechanism of battery aging, then by emulation, battery SOH situation of change is estimated.This method is due to the measurement of the battery electrochemical parameter that places one's entire reliance upon, and the electrochemical model obtained cannot be general for the battery of different model and kind, therefore has significant limitation, is difficult to drop into practical application.Generally speaking, existing SOH evaluation method is based on off-line test, and waste time and energy, cost is higher, and cannot estimate respectively the SOH of each battery in electric battery, is unfavorable for finding in time and replaces the poor cell of SOH.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical matters, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning, comprising:
S1, at set intervals, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity of each cell;
S2, each charge and discharge process in electric battery, adopt battery management system to gather the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell, estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously;
S3, according to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge;
S4, judge that the SOH value that whether there is cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value, if so, then directly perform step S6, otherwise, continue to perform step S5;
The mean value of the SOH value of all cells in S5, calculating electric battery, and judge whether to exist in electric battery SOH value and this average value cell more than the second predetermined threshold value, if, then continue to perform step S6, otherwise, judge that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, and return execution step S1;
S6, triggering battery management system enter guard mode, export the numbering of corresponding cell simultaneously and send alarm.
Further, described step S3, it is specially:
Integration is carried out to real-time charging and discharging currents, obtain the electric quantity change amount of each cell in charge and discharge process, after calculating the maximum available of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously, calculate in conjunction with the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge and obtain the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge.
Further, described step S3, it is specially:
According to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, following formula is adopted to calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge:
In above formula, t
n+1represent current time, t
nrepresented a upper moment, SOH
n+1represent the SOH value of cell at current time, SOH
nrepresented the SOH value of cell in a upper moment, SOC
n+1represent the SOC value of cell at current time, SOC
nrepresented the SOC value of cell in a upper moment, I (t) represents the real-time charging and discharging currents of cell in charge and discharge process, Q
0represent the initial maximum capacity of cell, what k% represented default cell scraps proportion threshold value.
Further, scrapping proportion threshold value described in is: k%=80%.
Further, cell in the SOH value of initial time is:
In above formula, SOH
1represent the SOH value of cell at initial time, Q represents the available battery capacity of initial time cell.
Further, estimate the step of the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge described in described step S2, it is specially:
Ampere-hour integral method, expanded Kalman filtration algorithm or two Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted to estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge.
Further, the first predetermined threshold value described in described step S4 is 0.15.
Further, the second predetermined threshold value described in described step S5 is 0.3.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning of the present invention, comprising: S1, at set intervals, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity of each cell; S2, each charge and discharge process in electric battery, adopt battery management system to gather the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell, estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously; S3, according to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge; S4, judge that the SOH value that whether there is cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value, if so, then directly perform step S6, otherwise, continue to perform step S5; The mean value of the SOH value of all cells in S5, calculating electric battery, and judge whether to exist in electric battery SOH value and this average value cell more than the second predetermined threshold value, if, then continue to perform step S6, otherwise, judge that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, and return execution step S1; S6, triggering battery management system enter guard mode, export the numbering of corresponding cell simultaneously and send alarm.The present invention is by detecting the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge of electric battery, real-time estimation renewal can be carried out to the SOH value of cell, and send alarm in time when there is the poor cell of SOH value in electric battery, estimation accuracy is high, and implementation is comparatively simple, realizes cost low.This method, without the need to offline inspection, can reflect the health status of each cell in battery of electric vehicle group in real time, avoids information delay and inaccuracy that in prior art, offline inspection technology causes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the real-time SOC curve obtained after adopting three kinds of diverse ways to carry out SOC value estimation in the step S2 of this method respectively;
Fig. 3 is the situation of change comparison diagram of the SOH value adopting this method estimation to obtain in 32 standard charge and discharge cycles processes of cell and the SOH value measuring acquisition by experiment.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning, comprising:
S1, at set intervals, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity of each cell;
S2, each charge and discharge process in electric battery, adopt battery management system to gather the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell, estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously;
SOC, full name is State of Charge, and state-of-charge, is also dump energy;
S3, according to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge;
S4, judge that the SOH value that whether there is cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value, if so, then directly perform step S6, otherwise, continue to perform step S5;
The mean value of the SOH value of all cells in S5, calculating electric battery, and judge whether to exist in electric battery SOH value and this average value cell more than the second predetermined threshold value, if, then continue to perform step S6, otherwise, judge that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, and return execution step S1;
S6, triggering battery management system enter guard mode, export the numbering of corresponding cell simultaneously and send alarm.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described step S3, it is specially:
Integration is carried out to real-time charging and discharging currents, obtain the electric quantity change amount of each cell in charge and discharge process, after calculating the maximum available of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously, calculate in conjunction with the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge and obtain the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described step S3, it is specially:
According to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, following formula is adopted to calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge:
In above formula, t
n+1represent current time, t
nrepresented a upper moment, SOH
n+1represent the SOH value of cell at current time, SOH
nrepresented the SOH value of cell in a upper moment, SOC
n+1represent the SOC value of cell at current time, SOC
nrepresented the SOC value of cell in a upper moment, I (t) represents the real-time charging and discharging currents of cell in charge and discharge process, Q
0represent the initial maximum capacity of cell, what k% represented default cell scraps proportion threshold value.In the separate equations of the present invention, symbol * represents and is multiplied.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described in scrap proportion threshold value and be: k%=80%.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, cell in the SOH value of initial time is:
In above formula, SOH
1represent the SOH value of cell at initial time, Q represents the available battery capacity of initial time cell.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, estimate the step of the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge described in described step S2, it is specially:
Ampere-hour integral method, expanded Kalman filtration algorithm or two Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted to estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the first predetermined threshold value described in described step S4 is 0.15.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the second predetermined threshold value described in described step S5 is 0.3.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment one
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning, comprising:
S1, at set intervals, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity Q of each cell
0, and the SOH value of now cell is set as 1, represent complete health status; With cell in use battery maximum available change, to be reduced to initial capacity scrap proportion threshold value and k% time assert that cell is for reaching Rejection standard, and SOH value is now set as 0, therefore, when the available battery capacity of cell is Q, suppose that the SOH value of cell is SOH
1, then have:
S2, each charge and discharge process in electric battery, adopt battery management system to gather the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell, estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously; Estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge, ampere-hour integral method, expanded Kalman filtration algorithm or two Kalman filtering algorithm can be adopted.The concrete estimation process of SOC value belongs to the content of comparative maturity in prior art, and the present invention repeats no more.
S3, according to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge, it is specially:
Integration is carried out to real-time charging and discharging currents, obtain the electric quantity change amount of each cell in charge and discharge process, after calculating the maximum available of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously, calculate in conjunction with the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge and obtain the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge, specific as follows:
Supposing that namely the start time of charge and discharge process goes up a moment is t
n, the finish time of charge and discharge process and current time are t
n+1, cell was SOH in the SOH value in a upper moment
n, cell is SOH in the SOH value of current time
n+1, cell was SOC in the SOC value in a upper moment
n, cell is SOC at the SOC of current time
n+1, the real-time charging and discharging currents of cell in charge and discharge process is I (t), and wherein, when I (t) is for charging current, symbol is just, when I (t) is for discharge current, symbol is positive and negative.
According to the known upper moment t of the definition of SOH and SOC
nthe available battery capacity Q of cell
nfor ((1-k%) * SOH
n+ k%) * Q
0* SOC
n, current time t
n+1the available battery capacity Q of cell
n+1for ((1-k%) * SOH
n+1+ k%) * Q
0* SOC
n+1, both differences are the electric quantity change amount of cell, by obtaining current integration, therefore can obtain following formula:
Arrangement can obtain the SOH value of cell after discharge and recharge:
Namely, after the SOC value of measurement current time and a upper moment cell can being passed through, the SOH value obtaining current time was upgraded to the SOH value in a upper moment.At set intervals an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell in integrating step S1, measure the initial maximum capacity Q of each cell
0, carry out Data Update in real time, the estimation on line error of this method can be reduced.
In other words, step S3, concrete implementation is as follows:
According to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, following formula is adopted to calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge:
In above formula, t
n+1represent current time, t
nrepresented a upper moment, SOH
n+1represent the SOH value of cell at current time, SOH
nrepresented the SOH value of cell in a upper moment, SOC
n+1represent the SOC value of cell at current time, SOC
nrepresented the SOC value of cell in a upper moment, I (t) represents the real-time charging and discharging currents of cell in charge and discharge process, Q
0represent the initial maximum capacity of cell, what k% represented default cell scraps proportion threshold value.
S4, judge that the SOH value that whether there is cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value, if so, then directly perform step S6, otherwise, continue to perform step S5.
The mean value of the SOH value of all cells in S5, calculating electric battery, and judge whether to exist in electric battery SOH value and this average value cell more than the second predetermined threshold value, if, then continue to perform step S6, otherwise, judge that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, and return execution step S1.When judging that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, the current SOH value of electric battery can also be shown by battery management system, facilitate user to understand the health status of electric battery in time.
S6, triggering battery management system enter guard mode, export the numbering of corresponding cell simultaneously and send alarm.
In step S4 and S5, first predetermined threshold value and the second predetermined threshold value rule of thumb pre-set, when the SOH value of certain cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value or when the SOH value of certain cell and the SOH average value of electric battery are more than the second predetermined threshold value, alarm is sent respectively to user, export the numbering of corresponding cell, the cell that reminding user to replace SOH value is too low.
Embodiment two
A kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning, comprising:
S1, at set intervals, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity Q of each cell
0, and the SOH value of now cell is set as 1, represent complete health status; With cell in use battery maximum available change, to be reduced to initial capacity 80% time assert cell for reaching Rejection standard, and SOH value is now set as 0, therefore, when the available battery capacity of cell is Q, suppose that the SOH value of cell is SOH
1, then have:
In this step, after every discharge and recharge 100 times, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity Q of each cell
0, carry out Data Update in real time, the estimation on line error of this method can be reduced.
S2, each charge and discharge process in electric battery, adopt battery management system to gather the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell, estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously; Estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge, can adopt ampere-hour integral method, expanded Kalman filtration algorithm or two Kalman filtering algorithm, the real-time SOC curve obtained after adopting these three kinds of methods to carry out SOC value estimation as shown in Figure 2.
S3, according to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge;
Suppose that the charging process of cell is by t
10moment starts to t
11moment terminates, with charging current I
10constant-current charge, charging process finish time carries out the 10th SOH value to cell and upgrades calculating SOH
11, suppose t
10the SOC value of moment cell is SOC
10, SOH value is SOH
10, be by the 9th SOH value SOH
9renewal obtains, t
11moment SOC value of battery is SOC
11.
According to the known t of the definition of SOH and SOC
10the available battery capacity Q of moment cell
10for (20%*SOH
10+ 80%) * Q
0* SOC
10, t
11the available battery capacity Q of moment cell
11for (20%*SOH
n+1+ 80%) * Q
0* SOC
11, both differences are the electric quantity change amount of cell, by obtaining current integration, therefore can obtain following formula:
Wherein because charging current is steady state value I
10, therefore obtain:
Arrangement can obtain cell at t
11the SOH value in moment is:
S4, judge that the SOH value that whether there is cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value, if so, then directly perform step S6, otherwise, continue to perform step S5.
The mean value of the SOH value of all cells in S5, calculating electric battery, and judge whether to exist in electric battery SOH value and this average value cell more than the second predetermined threshold value, if, then continue to perform step S6, otherwise, judge that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, and return execution step S1.When judging that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, the current SOH value of electric battery can also be shown by battery management system, facilitate user to understand the health status of electric battery in time.
S6, triggering battery management system enter guard mode, export the numbering of corresponding cell simultaneously and send alarm.The situation of the first predetermined threshold value is less than for the SOH value that there is cell in electric battery, send the alarm of " there is cell degree of aging difference in electric battery excessive ", and for there is SOH value and this average value situation more than the cell of the second predetermined threshold value in electric battery, send the alarm of " there is the cell being about to scrap in electric battery ", export the numbering of corresponding in-problem cell, the cell that reminding user to replace SOH value is too low.
In step S4 and S5, first predetermined threshold value and the second predetermined threshold value rule of thumb pre-set, when the SOH value of certain cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value or when the SOH value of certain cell and the SOH average value of electric battery are more than the second predetermined threshold value, alarm is sent respectively to user, export the numbering of corresponding cell, the cell that reminding user to replace SOH value is too low.In the present embodiment, the first predetermined threshold value is set to 0.15, and the second predetermined threshold value is set to 0.3.
Adopt this estimation on line method for early warning in the charge and discharge cycles process of 32 standards of cell, the contrast of the SOH value situation of change that the SOH value situation of change of estimation obtains with the available battery capacity measuring cell by experiment as shown in Figure 3.As seen from Figure 3, the SOH value of the SOH value that this method is estimated and actual measurement is comparatively close, and the linearity is also relatively good, can apply.
More than that better enforcement of the present invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art also can make all equivalent variations or replacement under the prerequisite without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modification or replacement are all included in the application's claim limited range.
Claims (8)
1. a battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning, is characterized in that, comprising:
S1, at set intervals, an off-line charge-discharge test is carried out to each cell, measure the initial maximum capacity of each cell;
S2, each charge and discharge process in electric battery, adopt battery management system to gather the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell, estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously;
S3, according to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge;
S4, judge that the SOH value that whether there is cell in electric battery is less than the first predetermined threshold value, if so, then directly perform step S6, otherwise, continue to perform step S5;
The mean value of the SOH value of all cells in S5, calculating electric battery, and judge whether to exist in electric battery SOH value and this average value cell more than the second predetermined threshold value, if, then continue to perform step S6, otherwise, judge that electric battery is in normal operating conditions, and return execution step S1;
S6, triggering battery management system enter guard mode, export the numbering of corresponding cell simultaneously and send alarm.
2. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S3, it is specially:
Integration is carried out to real-time charging and discharging currents, obtain the electric quantity change amount of each cell in charge and discharge process, after calculating the maximum available of each cell before and after discharge and recharge simultaneously, calculate in conjunction with the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge and obtain the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge.
3. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step S3, it is specially:
According to the real-time charging and discharging currents of each cell in charge and discharge process and the SOC value before and after discharge and recharge, following formula is adopted to calculate the SOH value of each cell after each discharge and recharge:
In above formula, t
n+1represent current time, t
nrepresented a upper moment, SOH
n+1represent the SOH value of cell at current time, SOH
nrepresented the SOH value of cell in a upper moment, SOC
n+1represent the SOC value of cell at current time, SOC
nrepresented the SOC value of cell in a upper moment, I (t) represents the real-time charging and discharging currents of cell in charge and discharge process, Q
0represent the initial maximum capacity of cell, what k% represented default cell scraps proportion threshold value.
4. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described in scrap proportion threshold value and be: k%=80%.
5. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, cell in the SOH value of initial time is:
In above formula, SOH
1represent the SOH value of cell at initial time, Q represents the available battery capacity of initial time cell.
6. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, estimate the step of the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge described in described step S2, it is specially:
Ampere-hour integral method, expanded Kalman filtration algorithm or two Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted to estimate the SOC value of each cell before and after discharge and recharge.
7. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the first predetermined threshold value described in described step S4 is 0.15.
8. a kind of battery of electric vehicle group SOH estimation on line method for early warning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the second predetermined threshold value described in described step S5 is 0.3.
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