CN104618506B - A kind of content distribution network system of crowdsourcing, method and apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of content distribution network system of crowdsourcing, method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of system, method, equipment and computer program product, for constructing the content distributing network of crowdsourcing in " zero jumps " equipment or mould group nearest apart from terminal user.The system includes center and peripheral two large divisions, it is zero jump in local area network-wide area network access function equipment or mould group that the server or functional module group at edge, which are entirely or partly directly deployed in owner's network topology distance, the equipment and the content resource that Mo Zu is intelligently prefetched respectively and/or cache user will be accessed and/or accessed, center is by equipment or mould group, content resource manages in different ways according to different service scenarios, real-time or timing probe and the idling-resource situation for predicting the equipment or mould group, using this idling-resource come the closer other users of topology distance in service network.The present invention improves content delivery network service quality in most scenes, saves operation expenditure for content supplier, while by the terminal user of some feedbacks contribution calculation, network or storage resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communication field, especially a kind of system of the content distributing network of crowdsourcing, method and apparatus.
Background technique
In internet (Internet) commercial operation, since majority service is all made of C/S (client/server) mould
Formula, a small number of central servers is on the one hand since itself bandwidth, memory capacity are limited, and in serve thousands, user up to ten thousand is special
It is when thering is a large number of users request moment to pour in, it is easy to the bottleneck as whole network service；On the other hand due to apart from user
Geographic distance, network topology distance may be farther out, thereby increases and it is possible to across multiple ISP (Internet Service Provider,
Internet Service Provider or operator), the speed limit of network congestion and shake and operator is easily subject in transmission path
Deng.
In these cases, user cannot get preferable QoE (Quality of Experience, service experience quality).
Later period the 1990s, the hot spot's (hot spot) and flash crowd (burst access) of major Web site
Phenomenon is more and more prominent, caused by bottleneck problem can not only break a website, or even Domino effect-website can be brought
Neighbouring network all will be disaster-stricken.
In order to solve to cause web content to transmit slower and slower, service because aforementioned each phenomenon is more and more prominent and increasingly can not
By the problem of, the father Tim Berners-Lee of WWW (World Wide Web) is initiated inside MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
One is intended to improve the contest of internet content transmission mode, participates in the postgraduate Daniel Lewin and its tutor of this contest
Tom Leighton has established later CDN (Content maximum in the world based on the achievement for participating in this contest soon
Delivery Network, content distributing network) company-Akamai.
The basic ideas of CDN are that in a network, cross-region across ISP disposes a series of servers, and with specific calculation
Method is distributed to specific content more copies on different server, redirects user's request, allows users to from apart from oneself
Content is obtained on closer server.But from topology, even if costly cost, this distance is also possible to not be foot
It is enough close.
After about 2005, the application of P2P (peer-to-peer, point-to-point i.e. peer node) network comes into vogue simultaneously
And it continue for a period of time.In P2P network, node is without the difference of apparent C/S, and each node can obtain
Other nodes are serviced while data.Due to the limited storage space of external memory in the equipment of user at that time, P2P is mainly used for flowing matchmaker
For body live scene-in this scene, the particular moment degree of overlapping of different user demands data is higher.However, due to depth by
The influence of spyware (spyware or rogue software), most users and the unwilling client for installing individually (standalone)
End, P2P application have gradually lost glamour.
After 2010, with the maturation and large scale deployment of cloud computing technology, CDN manufacturer starts to merge cloud, and
Using the framework of multilayer, from the data center of ISP and/or edge computer room " wholesale " bandwidth and storage, cloud is given service " retail "
User, that is, content supplier (Content Provider, CP).Cloud CDN seems to have won and this network warfare of P2P
The triumph striven.
However, the spending for constructing a whole set of CDN system is high, and it include bandwidth and storage operation cost also compared with
It is high.Which results in most developing countries only have only a few is larger, the preferable content supplier of profitability can
Afford to undertake expense that is self-built or leasing CDN service.
Furthermore with the application of Wi-Fi, 3G/4G/5G network and universal, the exponential growth of mobile device quantity, and
The prevalence of rich media applications, user (including are not limited to html web page, JS script, picture, audio-video, stream and dynamic to content
Content) etc. bandwidth demand it is increasing.And it is the network speed of this section of terminal to base station or gateway that above-mentioned technology, which improves,
Degree, and therefore the backbone transport network (backbone network) of ISP does not broaden substantially, the deployment of these technologies
Afterwards, user oriented " last one kilometer bottleneck " is eased, but consequent is the bigger flow or bandwidth demand of user,
Intermediate transmission backbone network faces bigger impact, and content supplier can obviously increase CDN demand.
In addition, CDN be substantially by mitigate number of users/user's request amount and fringe node-user available bandwidth it
Between inverse linear relationship and work.If as a result, continuing to increase to the number of users of the CDN service of constant volume, entirety
User experience inherently glides.
In recent years, for reduced cost, some manufacturers begin trying the mode mixed using CDN and P2P.The technology of fusion
Two kinds can be divided into: one is the distribution, the exchanges that carry out content using P2P transmission technology between CDN server node, and mutually
It mutually backs up, the effect of content distribution is carried out to improve central server (source point of content) to CDN end service device (fringe node)
Rate.Second is that the administrative mechanism and service ability of CDN is added in traditional P2P network, forming one with content distributing network is
The heart, equity are transmitted as the transmission architecture at edge, so that former reciprocity transmission network is had stronger content and the manageability of user, together
When keep the flow of whole network more orderly.
United States Patent (USP) US 2008/0155061A1 describes the system of a mixing CDN and P2P, and user asks resource
Asking is finally the load and bandwidth situation provided by CDN or P2P network depending on the two on earth.
Chinese patent CN 200710086556.7, which then has been described in detail, to be carried and dispatches in one of this mixed architecture
Strategy: when the zone user of a certain fringe node service of CDN is more than a certain threshold value, existing client end becomes P2P node, to take
The user being added after business.
But in above method, one CDN fringe node is still that building is servicing one to several provincial administrative regions
ISP computer room server on, the edge of network can not be covered well, in fact user is away from the edge CDN serviced
Average distance jumped much larger than one, such as most of CDN are more than the service of five provinces only with the CDN in Chengdu for western part of China
Computer room covering；The building of the two P2P module is in user directly using equipment such as PC, PDA, smart phone, the tablet computers of service
On, almost inevitably allow user to perceive its use to user equipment I/O and CPU, consumption mobile device battery electricity in this way
Amount, so that harm users are experienced；Three CDN and P2P use all orderly, be not truly merged CDN and
The scheme of P2P technology；Bandwidth scheduling between four CDN and P2P is too coarse, in fact in true business system not
May using it is so simple and it is fuzzy by the way of both dispatch flow.
Summary of the invention
To solve content supplier's central server bandwidth and processing capacity bottleneck, ISP backbone network pressure is big, CDN operation
With use cost height, the problems such as CDN and P2P system seamless cannot merge, flexible dispatching, the present invention is nearest apart from terminal user
" zero jump " equipment or mould group such as intelligent router or Web browser on building layering, crowdsourcing content distributing network, and set
Count out a whole set of commercial operation method for keeping each side all benefited.
The first aspect of the invention proposes a kind of content distribution network system of crowdsourcing, including the big portion of center and peripheral two
Point, wherein
Center includes the management mould group to fringe node, for disposing, updating, configuring server or the processing of fringe node
Mould group indexes the resource information and current state of fringe node, provides unified or layering management to marginal portion；
Marginal portion includes Edge Server or edge processing mould group, is entirely or partly directly deployed in and owner's net
Network topology distance be zero jump (Zero Hop) equipment with local area network-wide area network access (LAN-WAN Access) function or
In mould group.
The second aspect of the invention proposes a kind of content distributing network method, comprising:
Management is zero jump with local area network-wide area network access function equipment or mould with owner's network topology distance
Group, and the functional module group of deployment on it；
The deployment is determined on it according to the physical characteristic and history online hours characteristic distributions of the equipment or mould group
Functional module group working method, and the resource of which position is indexed；
Determine the index to resource according to the currently used business of institute's service business and/or user/resource characteristic, search and
The mode of transmission；
Network site, connectivity, load, service capacity, stock number, resource where the equipment or mould group is special
Sign, the owner or frequent visitor one or more information among the distance on social networks or interest domain determine to accelerate node
Selection/resource lookup mode；It needs to attempt before data is transmitted to assist to establish between edge device or mould group according to scene
P2P connection.
The third aspect of the invention also proposes a kind of content distributing network device, wants for the composition of aforementioned margin
Element or first node, and carry out work using method above-mentioned.
The fourth aspect of the invention also proposes a kind of business method of the content distributing network of crowdsourcing, with quasi-tradition CDN
The mode peak bandwidth and/or super-distribution data volume that obtain flow return from content supplier, and contributed by user, will
A part of income feedback user.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.
The application of tradition P2P relatively, because working in network equipments such as customer routers, rather than PC, PDA, intelligent mobile
It is nearly transparent for many service for user of the invention in the calculating equipment that the users such as phone can directly perceive, user is made
It almost can be ignored with the influence of the QoE of other services.
The flow in whole network is optimized, occurs over just the transmission of most data away from user's 0-2 jump, alleviating pair
The pressure of ISP backbone network and pressure to CP central server.
Again the task and data for planning non-temporal sensitive (time insensitive) are transmitted, and are macroscopically reduced for CP and are transported
Seek cost.
It reduces to the waste of resource and the energy.One aspect of the present invention takes full advantage of the idle bandwidth of nearly user terminal.It is another
Aspect, most users have the network access equipments such as time or even 7 days × 24 hours uninterrupted holding routers of lasting length
The habit of unlatching, and the idle power consumption of these equipment and fully loaded power consumption, still in an order of magnitude, the present invention is with lower extra power
Consumption reduces the energy of central server so that the task run of user terminal and flow transmission occur within " one kilometer " as far as possible
Consumption.
The present invention is to construct high reliability in the data center " the strong supplement of one kind of cloud computing, can be defined as
A kind of application form or supplement of " mist " (Fog), " local cloud " (Local Cloud) or " cloudlet " (Crowd Cloud).
Certainly, any commerce services implement any of the products of the present invention, provided are above it is not absolutely required to be provided simultaneously with
All features reach all the above advantage.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to allow above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention can
It is clearer and more comprehensible, it is special below to lift preferred embodiment, and cooperate attached drawing, detailed description are as follows.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of operation schematic diagram of the content distributing network of crowdsourcing of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is work of the embodiment of the present invention when containing only Intelligent routing node but comprising analysis module to user interest
Make schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention improves this simple but special screne of content distribution availability in localized network failure
In operation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a kind of typical abstract schematic of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Reach the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention is taken for the present invention is further explained, below in conjunction with attached drawing
And preferred embodiment, to the content distributing network of crowdsourcing proposed according to the present invention its specific embodiment, method, step and function
Effect, detailed description is as follows.
For the present invention aforementioned and other technology contents, feature and effect refer to the preferable reality of schema in following cooperation
Applying can clearly be presented in example detailed description.By the explanation of specific embodiment, when predetermined mesh can be reached to the present invention
The technical means and efficacy taken be able to more deeply and it is specific understand, however institute's accompanying drawings are only to provide with reference to and say
It is bright to be used, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Unless otherwise instructed, in entire disclosure and claims, "include", "comprise", be " including but it is unlimited
In " meaning." connection " or its deformation term, the direct or indirect connection between two or more elements, mould group or system,
Can be physics, logic or their combination.The meaning that "/" represents is "or", is covered explained below: in enumerating
Any project, enumerate in all items, enumerate any combination of middle all items.Use the word difference of singular or plural
The case where can indicating singular or plural.
One starting point of main thought of the present invention is reasonably to utilize nearly user side (jump of network topology distance zero) equipment
It is idle calculate, bandwidth and storage resource, and this equipment is generally not the service equipment that user directly uses, thus user
It is not that directly perception-is not at least sensitive to it, as long as task granularity, bandwidth, I/O distribution and load are controlled properly.
Another starting point is that signaling or metadata (signaling (meta data)) and data ((mass) data) are separated, and will be counted
It is with extremely low cost in fact by server, content distribution and probability according to being more distributed in the equipment that user zero jumps
The storage service trustship of availability is in user side: although bandwidth/carrying cost of every bit/Byte is slowly declining in recent years,
But still cloud (Cloud) mode that the data scale for keeping superlinearity to increase can make many Internet services continue to use many years will not be held
It is continuous too long, many giants, which have had already appeared, to run the growth of expenditure and has exceeded the phenomenon that business revenue increases caused by data scale.That
After Cloud, also with greater need for more processing localities (Local Processing), then what the present invention substantially disclosed
Fog (mist) mode, and can be described as cloudlet or local cloud or crowd-cloud, in building next generation CDN even ICN
Reduced cost will be played in (Information Centric Network, information centre's network), improve most scene performances
Important function.Another starting point is to design a kind of excitation (incentive) mechanism, the more business models in discovery behind and quotient
A part of feedback relative users of the business incomes such as CDN are also convenient in turn by system of the invention, method, are set by industry method
The standby edge that network is better covered than traditional CDN.
It referring to Figure 1, is a kind of operation schematic diagram of the content distributing network of crowdsourcing of the embodiment of the present invention, packet
It includes: marginal portion 101, central part 106.Wherein marginal portion 101 include working node, i.e., away from its owner's network topology away from
From the equipment or mould group for zero jump, including domestic or commercial broadband router, network television-set top-set-box (IPTV SetTop
Box), network attached storage (NAS) equipment with Internet access function, partner's machine with Internet access function
Device people etc., Fig. 1 shows embodiment scene in 102 and 104 be the intelligent Wi-Fi router with additional storage, 103 and 105
It is the Web browser or browser plug-in for supporting WebRTC agreement or RTMFP agreement；Central part 106 includes whole to dispatch
Coordinator (Coordinator) mould group of task and flow in a network, further includes to assist fringe node
It establishes STUN/TURN/Trickle ICE submodule group 107, intelligent DNS or the dynamic-dns submodule group 108 of P2P connection, serve
The global load balancing GLB submodule groups 109 of certain scenes, the discovery to accelerate node and/or resource, selection or lookup
ALTO submodule group 110, it is also possible to include index part resource type, service portion scene interior joint relationship, service portion are more excellent
Lookup or transmission path/distribution tree/figure Indexing/Routing submodule group 111.
In further embodiments, 107,108 and 109 it may not only be deployed in central part but also be distributed in marginal portion.
Management is zero jump with local area network-wide area network access function equipment or mould with owner's network topology distance
Group, and the functional module group of deployment on it.As 102,104 by the program disposed in equipment when every secondary device starts and/
Or to 106 registrations and send the current status information of the equipment at interval of certain time, such as current available bandwidth, it is available in
Deposit/disk storage, CPU/ storage utilization rate, cpu load, I/O load etc.；It, can be with top in the interaction for meeting specified conditions
The version number of the specific or all edge processing mould group of administration on the device, if meeting condition, 106 corresponding submodule group is returned
Specific signaling message is returned, to indicate that upgrading corresponding edge processing mould group or downloading installs new processing mould group.Upgrading can adopt
With increment updating method, such as binary system difference update or Courgette algorithm.
It notifies the equipment such as 102,104 to update operating system or system mould group in addition, above-mentioned management mould group also has, updates system
System program and application program configuration, the function of restarting equipment.Above-mentioned any signalling communication is required to arranging key (such as IKE)
Method encrypted transmission, to ensure safety.
For Web browser or browser plug-in as 103,105, then in the starting of each browser, page open
Or when plug-in component operation, the corresponding submodule group to 106 is registered, during interacting during interacting with 106 and with any peer node
Both sides monitor communications status, once communicate it is unreachable if to 106 corresponding submodule groups reports, corresponding submodule group then exists in its maintenance
The nodes records are deleted in line node listing or change the status attribute of respective record.
A small number of high quality-of-services require scene in, for the sake of assurance 103 or 105 correspondence mould group can also every compared with
Short time (such as every 10-20s) sends heartbeat signaling.
The deployment is determined on it according to the physical characteristic and history online hours characteristic distributions of the equipment or mould group
Functional module group working method, and the resource of which position is indexed.Under normal circumstances, when equipment includes additional deposit
Chu Shi can prefetch the resource that may be needed in next time slot, otherwise be not prefetched resource；When device memory stores larger and history
When line duration majority is longer, not only indexes the resource of this equipment but also index closes on the status information and resource of other equipment,
Otherwise the resource of this equipment is only indexed.
According to business scenario needs, generally for resources such as Web pages, HTTP, HTTPS or WebRTC are used after redirection
Agreement, and for resources such as Streaming Medias, the transmission of intermediate node generally uses the agreement based on UDP, and finally services user's
One section, such as HLS protocol of the DASH based on HTTP can be used.
Accelerate in service scenarios in static resource and dynamic, further to save flow, edge processing mould group has to content
The function of being compressed can be compressed for specific business hours locality characteristic using dynamic dictionary；Accelerate scene in signaling
In, edge processing mould group has the function that transmission data are carried out with compression and TLS encryption；In streaming media service scene, edge
Reason mould group, which has, to be carried out multiplex/demultiplex, transcoding to Media Stream or media file, turns encapsulation, merging subflow/fragment/frame/GoP
Function.
When the business serviced is static resource, request scheduling to the fringe node for having the resource, optimization aim
Delay is completed to minimize to download；One embodiment is that fringe node is indexed using the method for DHT (distributed hashtable), hash
Value is usually certain full text Hash of file or certain character string Hash of URL, and in indexing means level, one feasible
Embodiment is using the Kademlia method based on exclusive or distance.When service business is live streaming media, using the multiple sons of division
Stream, for the method that each subflow constructs distribution tree and forms netted distribution network, building target is will be with roomy, connectivity is good
Node is disposed adjacent to the position of the root node of tree as far as possible, and building mode is first distributed building centralized adjusting and optimizing again, optimization
Target is to minimize maximum distribution distance or delay；When for streaming media on demand, request scheduling to the edge section for having the resource
Point, optimization aim are to maximize transmission bandwidth；When for flow media session, it is several to be that conversation group chooses according to connection delay and quality
Transit node simultaneously plans transmission path, and optimization aim is to minimize total transmission range or delay；When the business serviced is live streaming
When Streaming Media, one embodiment is using the method for the more distribution trees for dividing subflow, such as FashMesh or its approximation method, every
In the construction of the distribution tree of a subflow, for each node j, selecting the heuristic information of its father's node is shaped like Powerij=
[min(rj,s)]m/(dij+Di)nFunction, wherein rjFor the residual available bandwidth of node j, s is the average bit rate of the subflow, dij
It (is generally measured with connecting time delay for the distance from node i to node j, is also possible to the table about RTT and packet_loss
Show the function of connectivity, throughput), DiFor the longest distance from source to node i, m and n are the positive real number to adjust dimension,
Select the maximum node of this value as father node every time.When service business is that dynamic accelerates or signaling accelerates, chooses and taken with source
Device connectivity of being engaged in is good and keeps the fringe node of long connection, and optimization aim is to minimize connection delay.
Resource lookup in the scene insensitive to the time, can be used DHT mode；And to the money in time sensitivity field scape
Source is searched, and local and neighbours' index, DHT, centre indexing parallel form may be used.
102,104 mould group and the period for estimating end-to-end available bandwidth with RTT and packet loss etc. in this connection are deployed with
Property detection and to 106 report CPU usage, cpu load, free memory storage, available disk storage etc. information mould group.
In operation, the random node selection strategy of certain probability can be introduced in 101 edge mould group, complete end every time
After the content distribution of opposite end, counts the connectivity of the secondary transmission and report 106.106 contain to the progress of online fringe node certainly
Dynamic cluster, the submodule group of division, with reference to comprising global ip section-library geographical location-ISP IP, foundation < IP_range,
GeoLocation, ISP > triple is as initial information, according to 101 reported connectivity data by E-M in operating service
The continuous iteration reunion class of (expectation maximization) algorithm, and automatic division mechanism is introduced, safeguard a dynamic node group database,
And reasonable employment MDS, GeoHash, the Z-ordering method based on Peano or Hibert curve, it forms one and preferably may be used
Carry out the virtual network position system of quick high concurrent kNN inquiry.
Above-mentioned virtual network position system is building intelligence/dynamic-dns submodule group 108, ALTO server-side submodule group 110
One important foundation.Wherein 110 its neighbor list is inquired mainly for fringe node, to allow 101 to wait fringe nodes GOSSIP
Protocol construction Membership table；And 108 one side can be redirected requests to and be closed on or any node, on the other hand provide letter
It ceases to GLB mould group 109 thereon, to make global load balancing as far as possible under the premise of guaranteeing service quality.
When every minor node is online, 101 edge ALTO mould group is to 107 submodule group request network sites in 106
With its neighbor node information, the preferential reservation into its GOSSIP Membership table and/or DHT table is indexed after acquisition
, under partial picture, communicated with its neighbor node, then obtain the respective index table of neighbor node, representated by general restricted information
Its hop count of nodal distance be 3 within.
Index/routing submodule group 111 indexes resource information for super node or stable node selected or counted
With maintenance these nodes Optimization route table interconnected, and the distribution net constructed by certain service such as live streaming medias.
For the efficiency for improving pre-fetching resources, hit rate is improved, and accelerates the lookup of resource and node, 111 submodule groups are also
Maintenance has the index to multiple domains such as user domain, interest domain, resource domains, network topology domains, safeguards in 101 edge devices or mould group
Have the distributed hash sublist to different type resource, different above-mentioned domain, use the method for Heterogeneous Hashing for
Different types of data is hashing onto Hamming space, to support similarity query (the similarity search between not same area
Across different domains), optimize resource distribution and accessed path.When searching, the method for HmSearch is used
Accelerate.
It, can basis when certain edge device or mould group 101 prefetch resource or carry out fuzzy search to a certain resource or node
Situations such as loads of 111 mould groups, service priority, determines to search by cross-domain DHT, or request center finding.
For prefetching resource, in another embodiment, pass through analysis to user's history time series data and user
Between collaborative filtering realize.Further, it is also possible to explicitly be provided by content supplier (Content Provider).
In a preferred embodiment, cooperate if any social networking service quotient, then it can be according to social networks chain/relational graph
Spectrum or social media propagation model arrive at section by the propagation of Resource Owner/leading disseminator 1-2 degree relationship, or prediction
Point, specific resource is distributed to distance in advance may access the nearest edge device of the resource or mould group, and in synchronous 111
The heart indexes submodule group.This method can greatly improve the distribution performance of the types social media resource such as UGC.
For caching and prefetching the storage of resource, shared drive caching, NTFS or ext etc. is can be used originally in 102,104 equipment
Ground file system, and in the group of the divisions such as geographical location, ISP, interest domain, Resource Properties domain, it constitutes distributed, more
Part, the file system of redundancy encoding to accelerate to inquire, improve service availability；103,105 mould groups can be used memory object,
LocalStorage、IndexedDB、WebSQL。
When 101 be browser page, calling makes the agreements such as WebRTC in the silent API run in browser backstage, to prevent even
It connects and/or cache resources is lost；When eliminating, corresponding signaling newly is broadcasted to its neighbour into/displacement/when resource occurs.
For assisting to establish P2P connection between edge device or mould group, method include STUN, TURN, UPnP, PCP, HNT,
ICE, Trickle ICE, preferably comprise the Trickle ICE method of STUN and UPnP, and 101 edge mould groups are collected on 107 mould group sides
<intranet and extranet IP, port, protocol type>triple SDP information, while the detection of being attached property, uses if it cannot all be connected to
TURN method establishes transfer connection, and in a kind of preferred embodiment, the selection of the fringe node or server of transfer needs root
Determine according to the heuristic information of ALTO submodule group 110 and/or Smart DNS submodule group 108, to reduce connection delay, increase and handle up
Rate reduces cross-region, across ISP and by the flow of ISP backbone network.
To improve P2P connected ratio, the device periodically such as 102,104 detect all available between all 1024-65535
Port, and storage system maintenance gets up.
102,104 equipment are if there is available Intranet<IP, port, protocol type>arrive outer net<IP, port, and protocol type>
Mapping, then to Coordinator mould group register, to make more nodes that can establish P2P connection from outside.When http protocol class
It when type can be used, is then registered to Smart DNS/DDNS submodule group 108, re-registers or report if any any variation, to use up
The CDN request of the more HTTP of amount can be directly redirected in the equipment processing mould group for having requested resource in application layer.
102,104 equipment have finger daemon (daemon) while listening for the port a of Intranet and the port b of outer net.For example
192.168.0.1:8888 and 123.456.789.123:9999 so that 1 jump within the resource that can hit can rapidly weigh
Orientation.
In service, the redirection of HTTP 302 etc can be used, the tagging etc. of crowd-mining can also be embedded in
Task helps more effective resource dissemination.
In a preferred embodiment, 102,104 if it is additional storage and the biggish equipment of memory is contained, then it is not
The index or metadata of oneself cache resources are only managed, and stores the other equipment in the region and mould group enlivens page corresponding resource
The index of (can be stored in the form of memory object, LocalStorage, IndexedDB, WebSQL etc.).
102,103 equipment are also deployed with the mould group of detection IP Multicast Land, periodically broadcast and use into internet
In ip multicast detection information, the nodal information for being collected into response is reported to the expansible ip multicast of Coordinator mould group 106
Coordinate submodule group, all nodal informations coordinated all IP MulticastLand of submodule group maintenance and each include.
It needs to be likely to be at an IP MulticastLand not to numerous in live streaming media, superthermal pre-fetching resources etc.
It is all in same IP Multicast with merging in the scene of node transmission data in Coordinator mould group 106
The node of Island forms multicast domain one by one, and only needing to select one for entering domain represents node, greatly reduces in this way
Content distribution tree.
Incorporated by reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,102,103 equipment shown in Fig. 1 include distributed storage mould group.User contributes a part to deposit
Store up space, to store other users resource and Fig. 2 shown in content supplier (ContentProvider, CP) distribution money
Source.It needs exist for storing using encryption, and the resource of user oneself is isolated with other resource logics, or use safeguarded account
Number system separates access authority --- and use DDNS or DHT plus centre indexing the resource of user oneself to be used in the whole network
Account access.
Fig. 3 shows the present invention for improving this simple but particular field of content distribution availability in localized network failure
One embodiment in scape.User corresponding to edge mould group (and can be described as mist mould group) A accesses certain Web server (usually
The CP client's of the embodiment of the present invention), but because of localized network failure, with server can not establish connection or requested resource without
Method returns, retry it is invalid after, A requests other nodes to assist to obtain resource to coordinator's mould group, and coordinator is according to connectivity, negative
The return of the information such as load can be all connected to A with Web server and the distance A and/or closer mist mould group B of Web server, is distributed in A
It both helps to establish P2P with the clients such as STUN on B, that is, coordinator and server mould group and connect, the corresponding request of B construction is helped
Resource needed for helping A to obtain then returns to A by this connection, this process sectional, progressive or asynchronous progress, transfer can also be more
It jumps.Fig. 3 Chinese and English shows the signalling description of relevant each side's interaction.
The total bandwidth peak value or 95 sampled with specific period is often used for most larger CP, CDN and ISP
Quartile is valuated.But the service user of majority CP has region, and with the height of access time between specific region people
Plyability often results in peak value the situation that must be high more significant than remaining time of late 10-11 point in this way.At this moment, 106 mould groups are according to field
Scape characteristic provides the Additional Services of peak load shifting using means are prefetched for specific CP, to help CP to cut down cost.
Incorporated by reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, in the case where safeguarding user account system, peak value, total is monthly contributed according to user bandwidth
Distribution bandwidth and memory space contribution, provide a reasonable pricing formula, by the content distribution income of this system service
A part feeds back to user.Form can be cash, check, coupons, discount coupon or other value-added services.
After obtaining user and agreeing to, to interest digging mould group is disposed in 101, user is excavated with from unencrypted communication data
The method that Crowd-mining can also be used in traditional data mining method can be used in the information such as the keyword of interest.Obtain information
On the one hand interest domain information is provided to optimize resource dissemination, on the other hand accomplishes precisely to push away in coupons or discount coupon scene
It send, another further aspect can form intermediary service, help to wish to promote the manufacturer of itself product or service quickly Evaluation product or wide
It accuses information (with above-mentioned bill) and is sent to target user or potential user.
Specification and schema of the invention can be understood by those skilled in the relevant arts and can be made according to open example more
Kind modification and variation.Many details of description are for providing the thorough understanding to the disclosure.For example, above-mentioned majority scene is with mutual
The case where most common in networking, accounting is most application layer protocol HTTP, describes, and does not interfere this scheme through simple field
The modification of mark, applied to other application layers even agreement of transport layer, such as FTP, RTP, SRTP, SCTP, UDP.However,
In some embodiments, in order to avoid keeping specification ambiguous or excessively tediously long, it is known or common that personnel in field are not described
Details.
It should be noted that the system of crowdsourcing content distributing network of the invention, the scope of method and apparatus include but not
It is limited to any combination between each part mentioned above.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, though
So the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, and however, it is not intended to limit the invention, any technology people for being familiar with this profession
Member, without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using the disclosure above make a little change or modification
It is right according to the technical essence of the invention for the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made by above embodiments, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (24)
1. a kind of content distribution network system of crowdsourcing, including center and peripheral two large divisions, which is characterized in that
Center includes the management mould group to fringe node, for disposing, updating, configuring the server or processing mould of fringe node
Group indexes the resource information and current state of fringe node, provides unified or layering management to marginal portion；
Central part includes coordinator (Coordinator) mould group to dispatch task and flow in whole network, described
Coordinator's mould group is anti-including one or several NAT/ in support UPnP, PCP, STUN, TURN, ICE, Trickle ICE, HNT
Wall with flues passes through the server submodule group of agreement, for assisting user side " zero jumps " to establish between equipment or mould group when necessary
P2P connection；
Marginal portion includes Edge Server or edge processing mould group, is entirely or partly directly deployed in and opens up with owner's network
Flutterring distance is zero jump (Zero Hop) with local area network-wide area network access (LAN-WAN Access) function equipment or mould group
On.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the network access equipment,
It is connect including domestic or commercial broadband router, network television-set top-set-box (IPTV SetTop Box), with Internet
Enter network attached storage (NAS) equipment, the robot Fellow with Internet access function of function；
It is deployed with the service processes for the transport protocol for supporting HTTP and/or WebRTC or equivalent to support P2P thereon, is come from response
The order or request at center, fringe node or client；
It is worn thereon comprising one or more NAT/ firewalls in UPnP, PCP, STUN, TURN, ICE, Trickle ICE, HNT
The more client submodule group of agreement, connect to establish P2P with other equipment or mould group.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the mould group with network access facility includes to support
The Web browser or browser plug-in of WebRTC agreement or RTMFP agreement.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that coordinator's mould group further includes,
Node selects submodule group, selects net for when necessary to give the user side " zero jumps " equipment or mould group node
Network topology, geographical location, social networks, in interest domain it is one or more measure lower distances it is nearest or it is closer one or several
Peer node；
Resource lookup submodule group, for accurately searching the resource of given unique identification (UUID), or with given resource attribute,
The position of feature, semantically other approximate resources.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that coordinator's mould group includes route planning submodule group, is used for
Accelerate, in net cast scene in dynamic, constructs optimal or near-optimization data transmission link or distribution figure.
6. system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the resource is the static state including picture, video, audio
Media file, the static Web file including HTML, CSS, half Dynamic Web file including JS, Flash, signaling, message,
Appointing under the dynamic data including database query result, audio-video live streaming/session channel or data flow or various scenes
Meaning data slot.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the marginal portion includes caching mould group, to manage frequently
Access and/or the resource that will be accessed frequently further include,
Capacity 1GB or more than semiconductor memory or phase transition storage.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the marginal portion includes pre- modulus group, to obtain and deposit
The resource that certain the following moment predicted may be accessed is stored up, further includes,
Capacity 250GB or more than magnetic memory 16GB or more than semiconductor memory.
9. system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the marginal portion also includes pre- modulus group, the caching mould
Group and the pre- modulus group cooperate when existing concurrently with, i.e., certain following moment that the described pre- modulus group obtains may be interviewed
It asks, and meets the resource of specified criteria, pass to the caching mould group；And cache that mould group will be eliminated/replace expires
The resource of sufficient specified criteria is stored into the memory in pre- modulus group.
10. system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the marginal portion also includes pre- modulus group, the caching mould
Group and the pre- modulus group also include distribution, redundancy, and/or more parts of storage submodule groups, to by the different scenes serviced,
The resource of different type, different availability requirements and distribution priority caches in different ways/prefetches the fringe node in needs
Or node group.
11. system as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that in the distinct methods, distributed storage and indexing means
Including fragment storage, distributed hash, consistency Hash, position sensing Hash, isomery Hash, redundancy storage method includes RS
Coding, more parts of storage methods include with popularity, recent visiting frequency, regional temperature for reference to decision stored copies number
Method.
12. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the resource information includes that present node is cached and/or prefetched
The concordance list of resource, the Hash table of resource and node, bit diagram, resource characteristic vector table, region of interest feature vector；It is described
Current state includes present node available bandwidth, free memory/disk storage, CPU usage/load, I/O load.
13. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the central part and marginal portion include dynamic, layering or
Distributed intelligent DNS mould group, the domain name to specify content supplier or user dynamically, are intelligently resolved to suitably
Some under domain, suitable ISP network or several fringe nodes.
14. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the central part and marginal portion include ALTO
(Application-Layer Traffic Optimization, application layer transmission optimization) Server and/or ALTO
Tracker mould group, to accelerate the discovery, selection or lookup of node and/or resource.
15. a kind of content distributing network method of crowdsourcing characterized by comprising
Management with owner's network topology distance be zero jump have local area network-wide area network access function equipment or mould group, with
And the functional module group of deployment on it；
When zero jump equipment or mould group contain the equipment of additional storage, the current money of the equipment and institute's sensing neighbor equipment is indexed
Source；
The function of the deployment on it is determined according to the physical characteristic and history online hours characteristic distributions of the equipment or mould group
The working method of energy mould group, and the resource of which position is indexed；
It is determined according to the currently used business of institute's service business and/or user/resource characteristic to the index of resource, lookup and transmission
Mode；
Network site, connectivity where the equipment or mould group, load, service capacity, stock number, resource characteristic, institute
The person of having or frequent visitor one or more information among the distance on social networks or interest domain determine the selection of acclerating section points/
The mode of resource lookup；
It needs to attempt before data is transmitted to assist according to scene to establish P2P connection between edge device or mould group, method includes
UPnP、PCP、STUN、TURN、ICE、Trickle ICE、HNT。
16. method as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that when the zero jump equipment or mould group are free of additional memory devices
When, it indexes the equipment or Current resource and/or sensing neighbor equipment or mould group in mould group but does not index institute's sensing neighbor equipment
Or the Current resource of mould group.
17. method as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that the neighbours include neighbours in network topology, geographical position
Neighbours, the neighbours in social networks, the neighbours on interest domain, the neighbours on distribution figure constructed by media flow transmission set.
18. the method described in claim 16, which is characterized in that the method for the sensing neighbor equipment or mould group includes ALTO
Agreement, is based on MDS (multidimensional scaling) at Virtual Network Positioning System (virtual network position system)
KNN inquiry, the multicast domain neighbours perception based on IP Multicast, is based on position sensing at acceleration inquiry based on social relations
The distributed hashtable method of Hash.
19. method as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that when the service business is live streaming media, using division
Multiple subflows, for the method that each subflow constructs distribution tree and forms netted distribution network, building mode is first distributed building
Centralized adjusting and optimizing again；When for streaming media on demand, request scheduling to the fringe node for having the resource；For static resource
When, request scheduling to the fringe node for having the resource；It is conversation group according to connection delay and quality when for flow media session
It chooses several transit nodes and plans transmission path；When accelerating for dynamic acceleration or signaling, it is good with source server connectivity to choose
And keep the fringe node of long connection.
20. method as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that jump equipment described zero or the deployment of mould group is insensitive to the time
The detection of task, readjustment degree, specific resources prefetch submodule group, accomplish peak load shifting for content supplier.
21. method as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that jump equipment described zero or mould group counts bandwidth contribution peak
Value, super-distribution bandwidth and memory space contribution, with reasonable pricing formula, by the content distribution income of this system service
A part feeds back to user.
22. method as claimed in claim 21, which is characterized in that the feedback form is value-added service, including cash, branch
At least one of ticket, coupons and discount coupon.
23. method as claimed in claim 22, which is characterized in that agree to obtaining the owner that described zero jumps equipment or mould group
Afterwards, Xiang Suoshu equipment or mould group dispose interest digging submodule group, and user interest, method for digging are excavated from unencrypted communication data
It is the method for traditional data digging method or Crowd-mining, obtains Result, on the one hand the Result provides
Interest domain information is to optimize resource dissemination；
On the other hand accomplish precisely to push in the coupons or discount coupon scene；
Another further aspect forms intermediary service, and help wishes the manufacturer for promoting itself product or service quickly Evaluation product or advertisement
Information delivery target user or potential user.
24. a kind of content distributing network device of crowdsourcing, which is characterized in that appoint for the claims 1 into claim 14
The element of one marginal portion or first node, and using described in any one of the claims 15 to claim 23
Method carry out work.
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| CN201910794570.5A CN110417916B (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | Content distribution method capable of feeding back income, central node and edge node |
| CN201510086043.0A CN104618506B (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | A kind of content distribution network system of crowdsourcing, method and apparatus |
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| CN110336843A (en) | 2019-10-15 |
| CN110336843B (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| CN110417916B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
| CN110417916A (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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