CN104591894A - Preparation method of controlled release type fertilizer - Google Patents

Preparation method of controlled release type fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104591894A
CN104591894A CN201510009825.4A CN201510009825A CN104591894A CN 104591894 A CN104591894 A CN 104591894A CN 201510009825 A CN201510009825 A CN 201510009825A CN 104591894 A CN104591894 A CN 104591894A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
particle
fertilizer
granulation
controlled release
manufacture method
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Pending
Application number
CN201510009825.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
闫廷永
张从武
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ANHUI RUIHU BIO-FERTILIZER Co Ltd
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ANHUI RUIHU BIO-FERTILIZER Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510009825.4A priority Critical patent/CN104591894A/en
Publication of CN104591894A publication Critical patent/CN104591894A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a controlled release type fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing fertilizer raw materials, zinc, boron, selenium and a nutrient controlled release agent, wherein the mass percent of zinc, boron and selenium is 0.1%-0.3%, and the mass percent of the nutrient controlled release agent is 3.1%; (2) crushing; (3) granulating, namely placing the crushed powder into a granulating machine for granulating, and introducing diluted concentrated sulfuric acid, gasified liquid ammonia and steam into the granulating machine, wherein the sulfuric acid and the liquid ammonia are introduced until the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous is 1.4 and the neutralization degree of the size is 1.05-1.15, the recycle ratio in the granulating process is 1:3, and the granulating outlet temperature is controlled to be at 75 DEG C; (4) drying; (5) cooling; (6) screening; (7) coating; (8) detecting; and (9) packaging and warehousing. The controlled release type fertilizer prepared by the method has uniform nutrients, the fertilizer efficiency is released stably and persistently, single-dose application is only required, top application is not required, and the yield and revenue increasing effect is remarkable; and compared with a traditional fertilizer, the controlled release type fertilizer enables the wheat yield to be increased by about 10% and the corn yield to be increased by about 15%-20%.

Description

A kind of manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer technical field, relate to a kind of manufacture method of fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer.
Background technology
Agricultural is infrastructural industry for the national economy, grain security is national Major Strategic safety assurance, the fundamental solution of grain security is to improve per unit area yield, but the raising of Per Unit Area Grain Yield must to use chemical fertilizer for ensureing in a large number, as the saying goes " crops YIZHIHUA; complete in fertile main ", chemical fertilizer plays a very important role China's increases in grain production and grain security.
China is the world chemical fertilizerfirst big country of production and consumption.Improve utilization rate of fertilizer, be change mode of agriculture, improve overall productivity in agriculture, realize the inevitable requirement of agricultural sustainable development.In order to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, needing to add nutrient controlled release agent in fertilizer, making loss controlling fertilizer.Wherein, nutrient controlled release agent be by ionic fluid to multiple natural mineral matter modification and and bio-surfactant etc. is biological, organic articles is precisely composite forms, there is the multiple complex functions such as absorption, bridging, water suction, micelle, synergy.Its natural materials is mainly attapulgite, because attapulgite itself is the laminate structure be made up of tetrahedral si-o film and aluminum oxide octahedral sheet, has larger specific surface area, and the geometric space of layer and interlayer has certain receiving and preservation effect to nutrient molecule.This material and bioabsorbable polymer material is composite increases its specific surface area through radiation modification, improves the absorption property of colloid.Therefore, have and control fertilizer nutrient loss, significantly improve the effect of fertilizer utilization efficiency, achieve the functions such as fertilizer conservation, water conservation, soil moisture conservation.
Field crop (wheat, corn) chemical fertilizer nutrient controlled release agent and the granulation of common fertilizer Homogeneous phase mixing make loss controlling fertilizer, after the chance water that is manured into soil, nutrient controlled release agent forms the micro-nano network of omnibearing stereo, pass through hydrogen bond, the acting in conjunction of Van der Waals force and viscous force, field crop (wheat caught by net, corn) available nutrient (nitrogen in fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron etc.), and reunite in field crop (wheat, corn) in plough horizon, namely water and fertilizer coupling becomes gluing granule group (point-like is as nutrient bag, planar is as nutrient pool), increase fertilizer nutrient space scale, reduce water and nutrient rate of migration, reduce water and nutrient loss total amount.Thus, for field crop (wheat, corn) growth continues to provide sufficient nutrient.Both significantly can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, significantly can reduce again nutrient loss (runoff, seepage and volatilization three kinds of approach), reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and greenhouse gas emission.
But, the problems such as it is uneven that the loss controlling fertilizer obtained by manufacture method of current existing loss controlling fertilizer exists nutrient, and fertilizer efficiency release is unstable, not lasting.
Therefore, a kind of manufacture method of new loss controlling fertilizer is needed at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer, and the product nutrient manufactured by the method is even, and fertilizer efficiency release is stable, lasting, and single-dose application, without the need to topdressing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable.
For this reason, the invention provides following technical scheme: a kind of manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer, raw material mixing that it comprises the steps: (1): fertilizer material, zinc, boron, selenium and nutrient controlled release agent are mixed, wherein, shared by zinc, boron and selenium, mass percent is 0.1-0.3%, and mass percent shared by nutrient controlled release agent is 3.1%; (2) raw material crushing: step (1) mixed raw material is broken into powder in crusher; (3) granulation: the powder be broken in step (2) is put into tablets press and carries out granulation, in the process of carrying out granulation, passes into the liquefied ammonia after the vitriol oil after dilution, gasification and steam in described tablets press; Wherein, the amount of the vitriol oil after the dilution passed into and the liquefied ammonia after gasifying is for making the mol ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus be 1.4 and making slurry degree of neutralization be 1.05-1.15; Meanwhile, the returning charge in granulation process is made than being 1:3; Further, the granulation temperature out of tablets press is made to control at 75 DEG C; (4) dry: be used for the hot blast of self-heating wind furnace carries out oven dry 5-10 minute to the particle after granulation at the temperature of 80-200 DEG C; (5) cool: be used for carrying out naturally cooling from the cold wind of cold blast engine to the particle after oven dry; (6) sieve: cooled particle is sieved, gets rid of underproof particle; (7) coating: the mixture wrapping up one deck paraffin and grease at qualified particle exterior surface, prevents from hardening; (8) detect: screening is carried out to the particle after coating and detects, get rid of underproof particle; (9) packaging warehouse-in: qualified particle is carried out packing and putting in storage.
Further, wherein, described fertilizer material is carbonic acid one amine, urea, ammonium chloride and Repone K.
Further, wherein, the screening of described step (6) is divided into scalping and dusting cover two step to carry out, and wherein, gets rid of the particle of diameter more than 3mm by described scalping, gets rid of the particle of diameter lower than 1mm by dusting cover.
Again further, wherein, diameter enters in crusher more than the particle of 3mm and carries out fragmentation, and diameter enters in tablets press lower than the particle of 1mm and carries out granulation.
On the other hand, wherein, the tail gas produced in described step (3) granulation process is emptying again after once washing absorbs and secondary washing absorbs.
Further, wherein, described step (4) dry and in step (5) process of cooling the tail gas that produces emptying again after cyclone dust removal, secondary gravity dedusting and Venturi device wash.
Fertilizer manufactured by manufacture method of the present invention can not only improve the output of field crop (wheat, corn), and can significantly improve the disease-resistant drought-resistant ability of field crop (wheat, corn), improvement field crop quality.Meanwhile, effectively can meet field crop (wheat, corn) different growth periods to the demand of fertilizer nutrient, promote root system nutrition and the physiological metabolism activity of field crop (wheat, corn), promote growing of field crop (wheat, corn); Can also ensure that unnecessary nutrient net is caught in soil, for Crop of lower season, thus improve field crop quality, increase farmers' income, reduce discharging sharp environmental protection, have great society, economy and environment benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of the manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the content of embodiment is not as the restriction to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer, the loss controlling fertilizer being suitable for field crop (wheat, corn) and growing can be produced by the method.As shown in Figure 1, the manufacture method of controlling fertilizer of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) mix
Fertilizer material, zinc, boron, selenium and nutrient controlled release agent are mixed.Wherein, shared by zinc, boron and selenium, mass percent is 0.1-0.3%, and mass percent shared by nutrient controlled release agent is 3.1%.According to the requirement of standard GB/T 15063-2009, according to the growth needs of field crop (wheat, corn), in the present invention, to make in described fertilizer material N-P-K content (that is, mass percent) more than 40%, the highlyest to control 54%.In addition, in the present invention, preferably, described fertilizer material is carbonic acid one amine, urea, ammonium chloride and Repone K, and makes the N-P-K content (that is, mass percent) after above-mentioned four kinds of combinations of substances be 40%-54%.
(2) broken
Above-mentioned mixed various material is carried out breakage.Preferably, in crusher, be broken into powder, so that granulation, that is, produce fertiliser granulates.
(3) granulation
Powder after above-mentioned fragmentation is put into tablets press and carries out granulation.In the present invention, adopt sour method to carry out granulation, namely carry out aminating reaction with sulfuric acid, gas ammonia, then spray in tablets press and carry out secondary reaction, stirring, granulation with described powder.Adopt sour method to carry out granulation and there is following benefit: 1. can make full use of neutralization reaction liberated heat, improve the temperature of granulation material, reduce moisture needed for granulating material, alleviate the load of follow-up drying process; 2. to granule process, there is promoter action with the slip generated in, a balling ratio of material can be made to improve, reduce returning charge multiple; 3. particularly can improve and overcome some shortcomings in Urea Series composite heat transfer process, as urea easily softens in granulation and drying process, material sticks with paste wall phenomenon comparatively seriously, and drying temperature can not be too high, causes throughput obviously to decline; 4., owing to there being the convenience of logical ammonia, the pH controlling granulation material is more convenient.Because phosphorus ammonium is in the better granulation 1.4 time of N/P mol ratio, pass into the NH of some amount 3regulate the degree of neutralization of phosphorus ammonium to be most economical means, certain heat can also be produced to promote the temperature of granulation material simultaneously.
Particularly, in the present invention in the process of carrying out granulation, in described tablets press, pass into the liquefied ammonia after the vitriol oil after dilution, gasification and steam.Wherein, in order to obtain evenly particle and carry out granulation better, make the amount of the liquefied ammonia after the vitriol oil after the dilution passed into and gasification for making the mol ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus be 1.4 and making slurry degree of neutralization (that is, sulfuric acid, gas ammonia carry out the degree of aminating reaction) be 1.05-1.15.Meanwhile, the impact of returning charge granularity on amount of liquid phase is: small-particle reduces the existence of amount of liquid phase, and macrobead increases amount of liquid phase, therefore in order to keep the good operation of screening, disintegrating apparatus, controls the quality of returning charge particle size distribution range to granulation situation most important.In the present invention, the ratio of the returning charge in granulation process (namely needing to return the material that carries out granulation again and the ratio having formed particle and do not need to carry out the material returned) is made to be 1:3.Further, for granulating system, the higher moisture content of finished products of temperature is lower, more prevented from caking, but too high temperature makes neutralization of ammonia loss, adds the volatilization of the urea of system, and easily generates the biuret harmful to crop.At present in order to improve nitrogen content, preventing finished product from luming again, reducing moisture, reduce temperature, increase tail and wash fan delivery, strengthen heat exchange rate, granulation temperature out controls at 75 DEG C.The amount of steam is then suitably selected according to the needs of granulation, is not easily as the criterion too greatly to guarantee forming particle and humidity.
In addition, in the present invention, the tail gas produced in granulation process is emptying again after once washing absorbs and secondary washing absorbs.Like this, the pollution to air can be reduced, and, be conducive to the recycling of resource.Meanwhile, the washings that once washing absorbs and secondary washing absorbs will recycle, and absorbs to go to dilute still after reaching finite concentration and dilute, or puts into tablets press and utilize.
(4) dry
Be used for the hot blast of self-heating wind furnace carries out oven dry 5-10 minute to the particle after granulation at the temperature of 80-200 DEG C.The object of drying reduces the moisture content of particle, prevents efflorescence, hardens.
(5) cool
Be used for carrying out naturally cooling from the cold wind of cold blast engine to the particle after oven dry, so that follow-up, particle processed.In the present invention, the tail gas produced in above-mentioned oven dry and process of cooling is emptying again after cyclone dust removal, secondary gravity dedusting and the washing of Venturi device.Like this, contribute to reducing the pollution to air.Meanwhile, the fine particle produced after cyclone dust removal can turn back in tablets press and proceed granulation, reduces the waste of raw material.
(6) sieve
Cooled particle is sieved, gets rid of underproof particle.In the present invention, be divided into scalping and dusting cover two step to carry out, wherein, get rid of the particle of diameter more than 3mm by described scalping, get rid of the particle of diameter lower than 1mm by dusting cover.Preferably, diameter enters in crusher more than the particle of 3mm and carries out fragmentation, as the raw material of granulation.Diameter enters in tablets press lower than the particle of 1mm and carries out granulation.
(7) coating
Wrap up the mixture of one deck paraffin and grease at qualified particle exterior surface, prevent from hardening.
(8) detect
Carry out screening to the particle after coating to detect, get rid of underproof particle.Particularly, scalping and dusting cover can be carried out to the particle after coating, wherein, get rid of the particle of diameter more than 3mm by described scalping, get rid of the particle of diameter lower than 1mm by dusting cover.By this detecting step, finished particle size is met the demands.
(9) packaging warehouse-in
Qualified particle is carried out packing and putting in storage.So far, the manufacture of control release type fertilizer has been completed.
To adopting the loss controlling fertilizer of loss controlling fertilizer production method of the present invention manufacture to carry out planting demonstration at North-Anhui district, the effect of inspection loss controlling fertilizer.Wherein, " wheat is fertile " support " the rich engineering of grain " is carried out, and " corn is full " relies on various places agricultural science and technology company (cooperative society) to carry out.Mainly through carrying out multiple spot simultaneous test with traditional compound manure, test in Mengcheng, Taihe county, Huaiyuan, Woyang, Fengtai, the county such as Lingbi carry out, the loss controlling fertilizer adopting loss controlling fertilizer production method of the present invention to manufacture is used respectively on wheat and maize, tracing observation is carried out to crop growth conditions, and is analyzed with traditional composite fertilizer application zone.Test-results shows: adopt the loss controlling fertilizer that loss controlling fertilizer production method of the present invention manufactures, and its nutrient is even, and use rear fertilizer efficiency to discharge stable, lasting, single fertilization, without the need to topdressing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable.With use compared with conventional fertilizers, wheat increase yield about 10%, corn yield increasing about 15-20%.
The content of embodiment is understood for the ease of those skilled in the art and uses the present invention and describe, and does not form restriction the present invention being protected to content.Those skilled in the art, after having read content of the present invention, can carry out suitable amendment to the present invention.Protection content of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim.When not departing from flesh and blood and the protection domain of claim, the various amendments carried out the present invention, change and replacement etc. are all within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a manufacture method for loss controlling fertilizer, it comprises the steps:
Mixing: fertilizer material, zinc, boron, selenium and nutrient controlled release agent are mixed, wherein, shared by zinc, boron and selenium, mass percent is 0.1-0.3%, and mass percent shared by nutrient controlled release agent is 3.1%;
Broken: step (1) mixed raw material is broken into powder in crusher;
Granulation: the powder after fragmentation in step (2) is put into tablets press and carries out granulation, in the process of carrying out granulation, passes into the liquefied ammonia after the vitriol oil after dilution, gasification and steam in described tablets press; Wherein, the amount of the vitriol oil after the dilution passed into and the liquefied ammonia after gasifying is for making the mol ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus be 1.4 and making slurry degree of neutralization be 1.05-1.15; Meanwhile, the returning charge in granulation process is made than being 1:3; Further, the granulation temperature out of tablets press is made to control at 75 DEG C;
Dry: be used for the hot blast of self-heating wind furnace carries out oven dry 5-10 minute to the particle after granulation at the temperature of 80-200 DEG C;
Cooling: be used for carrying out naturally cooling from the cold wind of cold blast engine to the particle after oven dry;
Screening: cooled particle is sieved, gets rid of underproof particle;
Coating: the mixture wrapping up one deck paraffin and grease at qualified particle exterior surface, prevents from hardening;
Detect: screening is carried out to the particle after coating and detects, get rid of underproof particle;
Packaging warehouse-in: qualified particle is carried out packing and putting in storage.
2. the manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described fertilizer material is carbonic acid one amine, urea, ammonium chloride and Repone K.
3. the manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the screening of described step (6) is divided into scalping and dusting cover two step to carry out, wherein, get rid of the particle of diameter more than 3mm by described scalping, get rid of the particle of diameter lower than 1mm by dusting cover.
4. the manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein, diameter enters in crusher more than the particle of 3mm and carries out fragmentation, and diameter enters in tablets press lower than the particle of 1mm and carries out granulation.
5. the manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the tail gas produced in described step (3) granulation process is emptying again after once washing absorbs and secondary washing absorbs.
6. the manufacture method of loss controlling fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the tail gas that described step (4) is dried and produced in step (5) process of cooling is emptying again after cyclone dust removal, secondary gravity dedusting and the washing of Venturi device.
CN201510009825.4A 2015-01-09 2015-01-09 Preparation method of controlled release type fertilizer Pending CN104591894A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105060979A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-18 安徽省化工设计院 Production technology of composite fertilizer
CN105439755A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-03-30 广西鹿寨化肥有限责任公司 Loss control type eucalyptus compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN107473834A (en) * 2017-09-09 2017-12-15 安徽瑞虎肥业有限公司 Special Loss-controlled fertilizer of corn and preparation method thereof
CN107500882A (en) * 2017-09-09 2017-12-22 安徽瑞虎肥业有限公司 Special Loss-controlled fertilizer of Radix Isatidis and preparation method thereof
CN108299092A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-07-20 占学宽 A kind of organic fertilizer production technique

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105060979A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-18 安徽省化工设计院 Production technology of composite fertilizer
CN105439755A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-03-30 广西鹿寨化肥有限责任公司 Loss control type eucalyptus compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN107473834A (en) * 2017-09-09 2017-12-15 安徽瑞虎肥业有限公司 Special Loss-controlled fertilizer of corn and preparation method thereof
CN107500882A (en) * 2017-09-09 2017-12-22 安徽瑞虎肥业有限公司 Special Loss-controlled fertilizer of Radix Isatidis and preparation method thereof
CN108299092A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-07-20 占学宽 A kind of organic fertilizer production technique
CN108299092B (en) * 2018-03-13 2021-02-02 福建腾川环保科技有限公司 Organic fertilizer production process

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Application publication date: 20150506