CN104585546A - Growth-promotion and anti-stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Growth-promotion and anti-stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a growth-promotion and anti-stress tilapia feed. The growth-promotion and anti-stress tilapia feed is composed of the following components in parts by mass: fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, wheat middling, corn gluten meal, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, fish multidimensional elements, fish polymineral, choline chloride and 0-90 mg/kg of lysozyme product. Under the condition of meeting the basic nutritional needs and growth of tilapias, when the adding level of the lysozyme product is 54 mg/kg, the growth performance of the tilapias, the feed utilization rate, the related immune indicators and the anti-stress ability are good, and the tilapias are in good health.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish feed technical field, be specifically related to a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, the invention still further relates to a kind of preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed.
Background technology
Aquaculture is an important component part in China's Fisheries Development, but intensive culture pattern in the last few years causes disease frequently to occur, the a series of chain problem that causes thus (survival rate comprising cultivated animals is low, anti-stress ability is poor, growth performance is low and Safety of Aquatic Products does not ensure) also highlights day by day, and therefore the outburst of disease remains one of important factor of restriction China culture fishery development.Wherein, bacillary and fungal disease is one of modal illness in sea water and fresh water cultured fishes, has pathogenic distribution extensively and the fast feature of spread speed, especially occurs in high temperature intensive culture environment.
Traditional counter-measure uses antibiotics and the method for more auxiliary improvement water quality.Since sulfa drugs successful treatment trout furunculosis in 1945, antibiotic is almost used to all aquiculture animals, particularly cultured fishes.Although antibiotics can alleviate the puzzlement of disease in economic fish breeding process to a great extent, the series of problems caused by antibiotic a large amount of use in the last few years also becomes increasingly conspicuous.For cultured fishes, antibiotic a large amount of use can make body produce antibody-resistant bacterium, causes the disorder of intestinal microecology, and develops immunity to drugs, can make the disease resistance of cultured fishes worse and worse simultaneously, and bacterial drug resistance is more and more stronger, forms vicious circle; In addition, use antibiotics also to there will be the phenomenon of medicament residue, not only can cause a series of food-safety problem, and water environment is also affected.
Bolti, belongs to Perciformes, Callichthyidae, and Tilapia mossambica belongs to.This fish proper salinity level is wide, and comparatively strong to adaptive capacity to environment, move in water daytime at the middle and upper levels, night is then quiet in the bottom, is a kind of based on the ominivore-fish of feeding plant raw material; This lymphogranuloma inguinale sense is better, and output is higher, is a kind of economic fish that south China area extensively cultivates.Bolti is heavy, and metabolism is vigorous, and compared to other fish, always gather a large amount of residual bait and ight soil in its intensive culture pond, therefore water quality deterioration is faster, and a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms grown cause great threat to cultured fishes health.
Under such environmental background, a lot of country has prohibited the use of some antibiotics, but before the solution not finding other suitable, the aquiculture status of in addition faced still rather harsh, the way utilizing antibiotic to solve problems in breeding process is still taken root in most raiser in the heart, hardly realizes a series of health that the fish that medication is brought up occurs and food-safety problem.Studies have found that, Long-Time Service antibiotic for the purpose of prevention and growth promotion, antibody-resistant bacterium can be stored in fish body on the one hand, resistance worse and worse, on the other hand, after in antibiotic accumulation fish body, these left drugs directly can enter human body by aquatic products, form great threat to health.Therefore, antibiotic use is more and more subject to the query of people, and the Substitutes For Antibiotic finding " green, novel " is the key solving the problems produced because of antibiotic usage at present.
Summary of the invention
For physilogical characteristics and the aquiculture status of above-mentioned Tilapia mossambica, and the problem that can not be ignored that antibiotics exists in fish culture, the invention provides a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed; Containing natural antibacterial active material in this tilapia feed, increase fish body autoimmunity function by the feed of feeding containing Substitutes For Antibiotic, thus solution utilizes conventional method Problems existing in the process of preventing and curing diseases.To improve anti-stress ability and the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, the use of minimizing or complete substitute antibiotics is made to become possibility.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed.
First technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, comprises following component according to mass parts: fish meal 3 parts-8 parts; Soybean Meal 28 parts-32 parts; Peanut meal 12 parts-18 parts; Rapeseed dregs 12 parts-18 parts; 24 parts-26 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 1 part-3 parts; Soybean oil 2 parts-4 parts; 1 part-3 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 part-2 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.1 part-0.3 part; Fish 0.4 part-0.6 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.2 part-0.4 part; Lysozyme goods 0 ~ 90mg/kg.
In technique scheme, this growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed also comprises water, and with the quality total amount of above-mentioned each component, water is 30% ~ 35% of the quality total amount of above-mentioned each component.
Second technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, specifically implements according to following steps:
The preparation of step 1, lysozyme goods;
Step 2, pretreatment of raw material, by fish meal; Peanut meal; Rapeseed dregs; Secondary powder; Corn protein powder; Soybean oil; Fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate; Fish multidimensional; Fish uses many ore deposits; Choline Chloride is pulverized, and Choline Chloride and Soybean Meal is mixed according to 0.2-0.4:28-32 and pulverize, and obtains the mixture of Choline Chloride and soybean, the material after above-mentioned pulverizing is crossed 40 mesh sieves;
Step 3, weighing, weigh following component according to mass parts: fish meal 3 parts-8 parts; Peanut meal 12 parts-18 parts; Rapeseed dregs 12 parts-18 parts; 24 parts-26 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 1 part-3 parts; Soybean oil 2 parts-4 parts; 1 part-3 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 part-2 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.1 part-0.3 part; Fish 0.4 part-0.6 part, many ore deposits; 28.2 parts-32.4 parts, the mixture of Choline Chloride and Soybean Meal; Lysozyme goods 0 ~ 90mg/kg;
Step 4, raw material mix, and are mixed by pulvis, and fish Duo Kuang and fish multidimensional, lysozyme goods mix with time powder, then mixed by each powder raw material in the mode mixed step by step; Finally add the mixture of Choline Chloride and Soybean Meal; Add liquid charging stock again after pulvis mixing, order of addition is for be evenly mixed into feedstuff by fish oil, soybean oil and water, and wherein, the addition of water accounts for 30% ~ 35% of the quality total amount of each component;
Step 5, granulation, granulate raw material granulator;
Step 6, air-dry, by the raw material after granulating in ventilation, do not have the place of solar exposure to dry, namely obtain growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed.
In technique scheme, pelleting temperature is 65 ~ 70 DEG C, and particle size is 2.0 ~ 3.0mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: one " green, safety " involved in the present invention, and intestinal health is had to the tilapia feed of obvious facilitation.Consider feature and the living environment of fish itself, by lysozyme goods with the mode of drug administration by injection enter fish body not only can produce very large stress, and it is extremely inconvenient to operate, and feasibility is poor.Therefore, in the invention process process, it is made the suitable pellet of particle diameter with the form of feed addictive and each raw material Homogeneous phase mixing, enters Tilapia mossambica fish body eventually through oral way and play a role.
The present invention, in process for preparation, meets the basic nutrition demand (NRC, 2011) of Tilapia mossambica on the one hand, and each group fish food is all right, and growth is stable, does not find pathology, on the other hand, lysozyme goods are added to after in feed with 0 ~ 90mg/kg, to the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, efficiency of feed utilization, immune level and the anti-ability of coercing serve facilitation to a certain extent, especially when Pitch-based sphere is in 54 and 72mg/kg, the growth of Tilapia mossambica and feed conversion situation optimum, show good anti-stress ability and higher immune level simultaneously, identified by tectology, not only there is not any illness in the enteron aisle of lysozyme interpolation group (particularly 54mg/kg interpolation group), its institutional framework is better than not adding lysozyme group on the contrary, show the good general level of the health.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in detail.
The invention provides a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, be made up of following component according to mass parts: fish meal 3 parts-8 parts; Soybean Meal 28 parts-32 parts; Peanut meal 12 parts-18 parts; Rapeseed dregs 12 parts-18 parts; Wheat time 24 parts-26 parts, powder; Corn protein powder 1 part-3 parts; Soybean oil 2 parts-4 parts; 1 part-3 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 part-2 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.1 part-0.3 part; Fish 0.4 part-0.6 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.2 part-0.4 part; Lysozyme goods 0 ~ 90mg/kg.
The lysozyme used in the present invention adopts saccharomycetes to make fermentation, obtains through separation, purifying.The initial activity of enzyme is 5000U/mg.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, specifically implements according to following steps:
1): the preparation of lysozyme;
The lysozyme goods that the present invention uses adopt saccharomycetes to make fermentation technique to obtain.
2): the making of feed;
Raw material is broken and sieve: each bulk raw material involved in feed formulation for tilapia and premix are all purchased from same Feedstuff Enterprises.Feedstuff, after pulverizer fragmentation, passes through 40 eye mesh screens all one by one.Because commercially available Choline Chloride is fat-soluble comparatively large, be difficult to by 40 mesh sieves, therefore, in this step, the Choline Chloride of fixed mass required in formula first mixes with Soybean Meal by we, after reducing its viscosity, then slow transits through 40 eye mesh screens.
3): raw material weighing with mix: take powder raw material and lysozyme goods according to the pulp furnish of each group of feed, first fish many ore deposits and multidimensional, secondary powder that lysozyme goods are strong with dispersiveness are mixed, then in the mode mixed step by step, each powder raw material is mixed.Because Choline Chloride is to other destruction have to a certain degree of supporting one's family, therefore in process of the present invention, it adds in feed with the order of last procedure and goes by we.
Adding liquid raw material again after each raw material Homogeneous phase mixing, and according to the order of water after first oil fish oil, soybean oil and water is evenly mixed in feedstuff and goes.In order to make oil plant mix, the raw material after contaminated product also will pass through 40 eye mesh screens; Meanwhile, must note the change of temperature in the adding procedure of water, during heat, moisture evaporation is very fast, now needs the addition suitably increasing water.
4) granulate: granulate with granulator after raw material mixing.In pelletization, guarantee that charging rate is even, to obtain uniform length, the hard pellet diet that particle diameter is suitable;
Wherein, feed particle diameter is 2.0 ~ 3.0mm, there is significant positive correlation between Tilapia mossambica bore and body weight, and therefore, the particle diameter of feed will be determined according to the caliber size of Tilapia mossambica, general feeds suitable particle diameter=maximum caliber * 75%*25%.
5) air-dry: after granulation, each group feed, in ventilation, does not have the place of solar exposure to dry, prevents from going mouldy.
In feed preparation process, the granulator of use is Flat die granulating machine (105A-4-2, Xinchang, Zhejiang Province), and temperature-control range is arranged on 65 ~ 70 DEG C, to reduce the loss late of lysozyme activity in feed; Meanwhile, according to feature and the empirical value of machine, the content of the water of interpolation, 30% ~ 35%, ensures that final granule Moisture in Feed content controls below 12%, meets the general content requirement of Moisture in Feed.
Embodiment 1
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 5 parts; Soybean Meal 30 parts; Peanut meal 15 parts; Rapeseed dregs 15 parts; 25.5 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 2 parts; Soybean oil 3 parts; 2 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.2 part; Fish 0.5 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.3 part; Lysozyme goods 18mg/kg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 5 parts; Soybean Meal 30 parts; Peanut meal 15 parts; Rapeseed dregs 15 parts; 25.5 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 2 parts; Soybean oil 3 parts; 2 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.2 part; Fish 0.5 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.3 part; Lysozyme goods 36mg/kg.
Embodiment 3
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 5 parts; Soybean Meal 30 parts; Peanut meal 15 parts; Rapeseed dregs 15 parts; 25.5 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 2 parts; Soybean oil 3 parts; 2 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.2 part; Fish 0.5 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.3 part; Lysozyme goods 54mg/kg.
Embodiment 4
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 5 parts; Soybean Meal 30 parts; Peanut meal 15 parts; Rapeseed dregs 15 parts; 25.5 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 2 parts; Soybean oil 3 parts; 2 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.2 part; Fish 0.5 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.3 part; Lysozyme goods 72mg/kg.
Embodiment 5
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 5 parts; Soybean Meal 30 parts; Peanut meal 15 parts; Rapeseed dregs 15 parts; 25.5 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 2 parts; Soybean oil 3 parts; 2 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.2 part; Fish 0.5 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.3 part; Lysozyme goods 90mg/kg.
Embodiment 6
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 3 parts; Soybean Meal 32 parts; Peanut meal 12 parts; Rapeseed dregs 18 parts; 24 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 3 parts; Soybean oil 2 parts; 3 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 part; Fish multidimensional 0.3 part; Fish 0.4 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.4 part; Lysozyme goods 0mg/kg.
Embodiment 7
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 8 parts; Soybean Meal 28 parts; Peanut meal 18 parts; Rapeseed dregs 12 parts; 26 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 1 part; Soybean oil 4 parts; 1 part, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.1 part; Fish 0.6 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.2 part; Lysozyme goods 90mg/kg.
Pilot plant test: according to the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, feed conversion situation, nospecific immunity, anti-ammonia nitrogen stress ability and enteron aisle structure, angularly determines the broiler diets of lysozyme tilapia feed from growth, immunity, resisting stress and security.Design the tilapia feed of 6 kinds of different lysozyme Pitch-based sphere: addition is respectively 0,18,36,54,72 and 90mg/kg (L0, L18, L36, L54, L72, L90 group), wherein 0 Pitch-based sphere is control group (L0), other Pitch-based sphere be experimental group (L18 ~ L90), the conventional nutrient level consistent (see table 1) of each group feed.
Table 1 basal feed formula and nutritional labeling (air bells dry basis)
Note: 1. every kilogram of feed contains: thiamine (thiamine) 20mg, riboflavin (riboflavin) 20mg, pyridoxal (pyridoxine) 10mg, niacin (nicotinic acid) 10mg, calcium pantothenate (calcium pantothenate) 50mg, biotin (biotin) 1mg, folic acid (folic acid) 5mg, inositol (inositol) 500mg, VE 50mg, VA
2mg, VB
120.02mg, VK
310mg, VD
30.05mg.
2. every kilogram of feed contains: ZnSO
47H
2o 525.5mg, MnSO
4h
2o 49.2mg, KI 5.23mg, FeSO
47H
2o 238.8mg, MgSO
47H
2o 4.62g, CuSO
45H
2o 11.8mg, CoCl
26H
2o 0.2mg, Na
2seO
40.66mg, KCl 600mg, NaCl 107.1mg.
Table 2 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of Growth Op Tilapia and feed conversion
Note: indicate different The English alphabet with data line and show significant difference (P<0.05), lower same.
Table 3 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of nutriment apparent digestibility
Table 4 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of Tilapia mossambica Body components
Table 5 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of Tilapia mossambica digestive enzyme activity
Table 6 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of Tilapia mossambica sero-immunity enzymatic activity
Table 7 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of liver of hybrid tilapia immune enzyme activity
Table 8 feed Lysozyme Levels is on the impact of Tilapia mossambica intestinal submucosa tissue form
The number change of bolti intestinal mucosa goblet cell respectively organized by table 9
Table 10 ammonia nitrogen stress the change of Tilapia mossambica Biochemical Indices In Serum afterwards
Table 11 ammonia nitrogen stress the change of liver of hybrid tilapia activities of antioxidant enzymes afterwards
To throw something and feed respectively the Tilapia mossambica 60 days that original body mass is (11.35 ± 0.08) g with above-mentioned 6 kinds of feeds, result shows: the rate of body weight gain of each experimental group and specific growth rate are all higher than control group, wherein L54 group is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), and respectively group is not remarkable with control group difference for other; The coefficient of condition of each group of fish does not have notable difference yet; Feed coefficient L54 group is significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05), and the feed coefficient of other each experimental group is also lower than control group; From internal organs, the liver body ratio of each experimental group fish is lower than control group, wherein L90 group is significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05), index and spleen index is remarkable in control group (P < 0.05) in L72 and L90 group, the index and spleen index of other each experimental group fish is also lower than control group, and head kidney index does not have the otherness (see table 2) between appearance group.The apparent digestibility L54 group of dry and crude protein is the highest; The apparent digestibility of crude fat is minimum in L72 group, and other each experimental group is all lower than control group; Energy apparent digestibility L54 group minimum (see table 3).Full nutrition components also presents certain otherness, be mainly manifested on crude protein and coarse ash, the crude protein content of L54 and L90 group fish is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), equally, the crude ash content of L54 group fish is also significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05) (see table 4).In liver and alimentary canal, protease and amylase activity also show certain otherness: in stomach, proteinase activity shows maximum activity in L36 and L54 group, and is significantly higher than control group (L0) and L18 group (P < 0.05); Amylase activity shows maximum activity in L72 and L90 group, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05).In anterior intestine, the proteinase activity of lysozyme high level interpolation group is higher than low-level interpolation group and control group, and wherein, the proteinase activity of L54 and L72 group fish is maximum, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05); Amylase activity is maximum in L54 group, is significantly higher than control group and other each group (P < 0.05).Middle intestines, protease and amylase show maximum activity in L54 group, and are significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), other each group difference little (P > 0.05).In hindgut, the proteinase activity between each group does not show otherness statistically, and amylase activity is significantly higher than L54 group (P < 0.05) in L90 group.In liver, proteinase activity is maximum in L54 group; Amylase activity is maximum in L90 group, and is significantly higher than control group and other each group (P < 0.05) (see table 5).Result of study shows: lysozyme addition is when 54mg/kg, and Tilapia mossambica digests and assimilates the best to nutriment, shows good growth performance and efficiency of feed utilization, has optimum nutritive value simultaneously.
Adopt biochemical analysis to detect the changes of contents of nospecific immunity relevant enzyme (lysozyme, superoxide dismutase and catalase) vigor and MDA in serum and liver, adopt the morphologic difference of Measures compare each feed group intestinal tissue of tissue paraffin section de H.E dyeing.Result shows: except L90 group, and each group fish serum antalzyme activity is all remarkable in control group (P < 0.05).Total number born (T-SOD) vigor is maximum in L72 group, and meanwhile, the T-SOD vigor of L54 and L90 group is also significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05).Catalase (CAT) vigor is maximum in L54 group, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05).MDA (MDA) content is minimum in L54 group, and significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05) (see table 6); Liver antalzyme activity is maximum in L54 and L72 group, is significantly higher than control group and other each group (P < 0.05).T-SOD vigor is equally also that other each group difference is little at L54 and L72 group maximum (P < 0.05).CAT vigor is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05) in L54, L72 and L90 group.MDA content is minimum in L54 group, and significantly lower than control group and other each group (P < 0.05) (see table 7).In before each test group, the cashmere density of hindgut has the trend of increase compared with control group: in anterior intestine, the cashmere density of L54 and L72 group is significantly greater than control group (P < 0.05), and L54 group is a bit larger tham L72 group; Middle intestines, the averag density of each test group fine hair is 34.75 (control group is 27.75), is significantly greater than control group (P < 0.05); Hindgut is that the cashmere density of L54 and L72 group is maximum equally, has significant difference (P < 0.05) with control group.Simultaneously, the villi height of each test group, width and control group also have otherness statistically: promesenteron, the intestinal villus of L54 and L72 group is significantly higher than control group, height of naps and the control group of hindgut do not have significant difference, but the fine hair width of each test group is significantly greater than control group (P < 0.05), mean breadth is 134.07um (control group is 81.28um), and the fine hair width of promesenteron is all significantly greater than control group (P < 0.05) in L54 group.There is a contrary trend in muscle layer thickness and the height of naps of each group of enteron aisle, the variation tendency (see table 8) of mucosal structure before substantially meeting fish, after neutralization.Goblet cell is the cell that a class in fish epithelium of intestinal mucosa layer can secrete digestive ferment, plays important effect to digesting and assimilating of nutriment.As can be seen from Table 9, in before each group, the change of hindgut goblet cell quantity presents a downward trend: in anterior intestine, and the quantity of L72 group fish goblet cell is maximum, is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05); The quantity of middle hindgut goblet cell presents one and first raises the trend reduced afterwards, and wherein, the goblet cell of L36, L54 and L72 group fish is significantly more than control group (P < 0.05).Result shows: lysozyme Pitch-based sphere is when 54 and 72mg/kg, and immune indexes and the intestinal tissue form of Tilapia mossambica are all better than control group, serves a good regulating action to its immunity and intestinal health.
, start to carry out ammonia nitrogen stress tests after 60 days with the diet Tilapia mossambica of different lysozyme Pitch-based sphere.With ammonium chloride as stressor, make test water body total ammonia nitrogen concentration reach 50mg/L, through 24h stress after, although each group fish survival rate does not show notable difference, but after detecting the blood parameters of each group of fish and hepatic antioxidant activity, then show obvious otherness.Result shows: the Total albumen content is maximum in L54 group, is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05); Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity also shows maximum in L54 group; Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) does not show the otherness on statistical significance between each group, and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST) is active maximum in L72 group, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05); Blood sugar (GLU) content shows maximum in L72 group, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05); HDL (HDL-C) content in lysozyme interpolation group significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05), and it is minimum at L54 group content, and a contrary trend appears in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), just group difference is little; Triglycerides (TG) content is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05) (see table 10) in L54 and L72 group; Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes of liver of hybrid tilapia and mda content also present significant significant difference (P<0.05) in different lysozyme interpolation group.With the raising of lysozyme Pitch-based sphere, total number born (T-SOD) activity presents one and first raises the variation tendency reduced afterwards, Pitch-based sphere is when 54mg/kg, T-SOD activity is maximum, and be significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), except L18 group, between all the other each group and control groups, otherness is little; MDA (MDA) content presents a contrary variation tendency between each group, and the MDA generation of each lysozyme interpolation group liver of hybrid tilapia is all lower than control group, wherein the MDA content of L54 group is minimum, significantly lower than control group (P<0.05); Meanwhile, each group of fish liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and the active also appearance one of catalase (CAT) first increase the trend reduced afterwards, the catalase activity of L54 group and L90 group is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), and respectively group and control group do not have significant difference (p>0.05) for all the other; Equally, glutathione peroxidase shows maximum activity in L54 group, and is significantly higher than control group and other each group of (P<0.05) (see table 11).As can be seen from the testing result of above serum resisting stress index we, after Tilapia mossambica is subject to ammonia nitrogen stress, each regulating system of body all has certain feedback response: total serum protein is the important indicator of the nutrition of reflection fish body, metabolism and immunity function.Stress after, the decomposition Utilization ability of fish body to protide nutriment can reduce, so as to concentrate more energy be used for environment resistant coerce, therefore, the Total albumen content of L54 group fish is significantly higher than control group; Paddy third and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease are the transaminases that fish body weight is wanted, and the main conversion participated between amino acid and ketone acid regulates and controls the protein metabolism of body.They not only indicate the state of fish body liver function, are also a kind of response mechanisms of body resisting stress simultaneously.As can be seen from result, the AST adding lysozyme group is all significantly higher than control group, and reaches peak value in L72 group, prompting test fish be subject to ammonia nitrogen stress after, the fish liver adding lysozyme group has very sensitive resisting stress responding ability; Alkaline phosphatase is a kind of metabolic regulation enzyme of fish body, also be a kind of important immuno-enzymatic simultaneously, it can increase its dissident's property by changing the surface texture of bacterium, and can revise cause of disease surface molecular to accelerate the cytophagous degradation speed with foreign matter of engulfing.Stress after, the AKP activity of each experimental group fish serum has the trend increased, active maximum with L54 group, therefore, add lysozyme in feed and the immunity in environment can stress produce a kind of positive response regulation mechanism to Tilapia mossambica, increase the immunity of fish body by starting immune defense system fast, reducing stress to the damage of fish body; Serum glucose is mainly derived from decomposition and the heteroplasia effect of glucose sugar and the hepatic glycogen digested and assimilated in food, is one of important indicator of body resisting stress.Stress after, fish body can by accelerating the catabolism of hepatic glycogen thus the mode obtaining enough energy resists coercing of extraneous poor environment.When feed Pitch-based sphere reaches 72mg/kg, blood-sugar content is the highest, and therefore, under this Pitch-based sphere, fish body shows best anti-stress ability; HDL and low-density lipoprotein are the important indicators of reaction body lipid-metabolism.Cholesterol in tissue is mainly transported to liver and carries out metabolism by HDL, and low-density lipoprotein then plays opposite effect, be by the cholesterol transport in liver in tissue, be among a dynamic change between them; Triglycerides is mainly derived from the absorption of enteron aisle for lipid and the metabolism of liver fat, the change of its content and the anti-stress ability of fish closely related.Stress after, fish body can make blood cholesterol levels have the trend of increase by the dynamic change between high density and low-density lipoprotein, thus increases the lipid energy supply of fish body, increases its anti-stress ability; Stop blood cholesterol levels excess accumulation by the dynamic change between cholesterol and triglycerides on the other hand, reduce fish bulk damage degree.From statistics, L54 and L72 group fish shows better anti-stress ability; Meanwhile, liver is as vertebrate main removing toxic substances organ, and in it, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px are as the important antioxidase of body reply oxidative damage, and the change of its vigor plays an important role for the balance maintained between oxidant and antioxidant.Ammonia nitrogen stress after, with the raising of lysozyme Pitch-based sphere, liver total number born (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) activity has all occurred that first raises the trend reduced afterwards, having there is a contrary variation tendency in MDA (MDA), shows that these lysozyme goods add in tilapia feed the oxidative damage that can reduce because ammonia nitrogen stress cause fish liver to.Therefore, we can sum up: lysozyme Pitch-based sphere is when 54 and 72mg/kg, Tilapia mossambica can increase self immune defense ability by starting immune system fast, also fish body can be made to have enough energy to resist the stimulation of extraneous poor environment by the metabolism of regulation protein, carbohydrate and lipid simultaneously, thus improve the anti-stress ability of self, strengthen the adaptive faculty to environment; In addition, the use of lysozyme is to the response mechanism of liver of hybrid tilapia antioxidase system of defense afterwards stress also serve a positive regulating action.
Think that these lysozyme goods can play similar antibiotic biological action based on the above results.When Pitch-based sphere is at 54mg/kg, better growth performance, efficiency of feed utilization, immune state and anti-stress ability can be shown, certain facilitation is also served to the intestinal health of Tilapia mossambica.
Claims (4)
1. a growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, is characterized in that, comprises following component according to mass parts: fish meal 3 parts-8 parts; Soybean Meal 28 parts-32 parts; Peanut meal 12 parts-18 parts; Rapeseed dregs 12 parts-18 parts; 24 parts-26 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 1 part-3 parts; Soybean oil 2 parts-4 parts; 1 part-3 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 part-2 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.1 part-0.3 part; Fish 0.4 part-0.6 part, many ore deposits; Choline Chloride 0.2 part-0.4 part; Lysozyme goods 0 ~ 90mg/kg.
2. growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed also comprises water, and with the quality total amount of component each in claim 1, water accounts for 30% ~ 35% of the quality total amount of each component in claim 1.
3. a preparation method for growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, is characterized in that, specifically implements according to following steps:
The preparation of step 1, lysozyme goods;
Step 2, pretreatment of raw material, by fish meal; Peanut meal; Rapeseed dregs; Secondary powder; Corn protein powder; Soybean oil; Fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate; Fish multidimensional; Fish uses many ore deposits; Choline Chloride is pulverized, and Choline Chloride and Soybean Meal is mixed according to 0.2-0.4:28-32 and pulverize, and obtains the mixture of Choline Chloride and soybean; Raw material after above-mentioned pulverizing is crossed 40 mesh sieves;
Step 3, weighing, weigh following component according to mass parts: fish meal 3 parts-8 parts; Peanut meal 12 parts-18 parts; Rapeseed dregs 12 parts-18 parts; 24 parts-26 parts, secondary powder; Corn protein powder 1 part-3 parts; Soybean oil 2 parts-4 parts; 1 part-3 parts, fish oil; Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1 part-2 parts; Fish multidimensional 0.1 part-0.3 part; Fish 0.4 part-0.6 part, many ore deposits; 28.2 parts-32.4 parts, the mixture of Choline Chloride and soybean; Lysozyme goods 0 ~ 90mg/kg;
Step 4, raw material mix, and are mixed by pulvis, and fish Duo Kuang and fish multidimensional, lysozyme goods mix with time powder, then mixed by each powder raw material in the mode mixed step by step; Finally add the mixture of Choline Chloride and Soybean Meal; After pulvis mixing, add liquid charging stock again, order of addition is for be evenly mixed into feedstuff by fish oil, soybean oil and water, and wherein, the addition of water accounts for 30% ~ 35% of the quality total amount of each component;
Step 5, granulation, granulate raw material granulator;
Step 6, air-dry, by the raw material after granulating in ventilation, do not have the place of solar exposure to dry, namely obtain growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed.
4. the preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described pelleting temperature is 65 ~ 70 DEG C, and particle size is 2.0 ~ 3.0mm.
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| CN105166523A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-23 | 广州市番禺区大川饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for improving condition factor of tilapia mossambica |
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