CN104582874B - Forming method and the teeth portion component manufactured according to the forming method - Google Patents

Forming method and the teeth portion component manufactured according to the forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104582874B
CN104582874B CN201380045078.9A CN201380045078A CN104582874B CN 104582874 B CN104582874 B CN 104582874B CN 201380045078 A CN201380045078 A CN 201380045078A CN 104582874 B CN104582874 B CN 104582874B
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forming
face
workpiece
forming method
sub
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CN104582874A (en
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S.吕施
L.韦特劳
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00Forging presses
    • B21J9/02Special design or construction
    • B21J9/025Special design or construction with rolling or wobbling dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of forming method, wherein workpiece (2) at a lower temperature, for example low-grade fever be molded or the scope of half thermoforming in be molded by means of shaping jig (1) with swinging method or swaging method.By making forming force (F) not be while being passed in whole forming surface but serial action is on the sub- face (7) progressively or persistently changed, until whole forming surface at least one times, can be realized shockingly high degree of deformation with forming force (F) loading under smaller power effect.

Description

Forming method and the teeth portion component manufactured according to the forming method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forming method, workpiece is next by means of shaping jig under room temperature or certain temperature wherein Shaping.In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of molding part manufactured using the forming method.
Background technology
The A1 of file DE 10 2,005 027 259 illustrate a kind of be used for by being made up of the alloy with superplasticity tissue Blank half thermoforming manufacture hardware forging method.Thus, the briquetting pressure in shaping jig is kept substantially low In respective alloy for the briquetting pressure needed for forging.
The A1 of file DE 10 2,007 023 087 are related to a kind of for manufacturing the cam being used in the internal combustion engine of motor vehicle The method of the cam being made up of hardenable steel of axle.The manufacture method include be used for produce lobe blank semi-finished product into The heat treatment then of type and lobe blank.In order that being easy to shaping, bar material or cam disc before shaping if necessary can roots It is heated to according to material until in 400 °C -500 °C of temperature so that the shaping is realized as half thermoforming.Such temperature liter Height improves deformability certainly.Temperature is selected in this way, i.e., this is realized in the case of being molded over inorganization damage And occur without scaling.
It is used in shaping jig profiled sheeting, particularly for slab by a kind of known to the A1 of file WO 2005/021177 Half thermoforming or thermoforming method.Here, by causing using half thermoforming or thermoforming for example relative to cold forming (such as deep-draw) higher degree of deformation (Umformgrad) is proved to be favourable.Thus used presser can especially be protected Tool.
The A1 of file DE 10 2,009 025 023 are related to a kind of method for manufacturing camshaft, wherein using half heat Punching press.
Than using relatively low temperature in thermoforming in half thermoforming, thus generally material hardening is not realized.However, example There is the high-strength material of high-strength characteristic as can be used.Only needing to realize that temperature is increased in this case makes to be easy to shaping Scope in, especially in the temperature under 850 °C, preferably between 500 °C and 700 °C.
It is applicable in principle, higher degree of deformation requires higher forming temperature.Thus for example in 1000 °C and 1200 ° φ is reached in the case of the thermoforming in temperature range between C>4 high forming ability.However, what is be associated with this is to incite somebody to action Workpiece heat is to the high energy in the case of in higher temperature.Another significant drawback being associated with thermoforming be for The higher consuming of cutting reprocessing, especially because needing to remove the oxide skin produced at relatively high temperatures (such as by means of spray Penetrate).In addition material loss turn out to be it is unfavorable because in order to which the deviation and inexactness that balance appearance must set huge processing Surplus.In practice, multiple method and steps are integrated into an instrument because oxide scale layer is excluded in addition, because the oxidation of interference Skin can influence function.
At a lower temperature, the advantage of the shaping for example in the scope of low-grade fever shaping and cold forming is relatively to use In the less energy expenditure of heating and thus achievable degree of precision while be in non-scale.But relative to Shaping at relatively high temperatures, obtains significant lower forming ability in the case of higher forming force.
It is a kind of as known to the C2 of file DE 32 02 254 to be used for the method by cold forming manufacture rack, wherein column Blank be formed between upper mould and lower mould.Molding implements oscillating motion during punching course on blank (Taumelbewegung).Less normal stress is realized by local forming area compared with upsetting, it causes instrument to make With the raising in life-span.
In a kind of method for being used for manufacture for the blank of rack according to the A1 of file DE 198 39 428, using In the first step by with circular in the case of die casting equipment with least three moulds that can be moved relative to each other The original material of cross section is inserted between mould.In second step, the then applying power on the direction that mould moves relative to each other Onto at least one in mould.Thus original material is made to be molded into the blank for rack, its axial area engaged in rack The shape different from cylinder is obtained in domain., can be without larger by introducing force into the mould that these three can move relative to each other Flow harden in the case of original material is undergone the area of moderate finite deformation in the further process that rack is manufactured in blank Shaped in domain.The additional advantage of this method is, blank shapes can be realized in a straightforward manner, using it in subsequent shaping During, burr formation is especially avoided in swinging method.
The content of the invention
In this context, present invention aims in optimal manner by the advantage of forming method at relatively high temperatures with The advantage of shaping at a lower temperature is combined.Higher degree of deformation should be especially realized at relatively low temperatures.In addition it should carry For a kind of teeth portion component (Verzahnungsbauteil) manufactured according to the forming method.
Referring initially to purpose realized using a kind of forming method of feature according to claim 1.Appurtenance will Seek the particularly suitable improvement project for being related to the present invention.
According to the present invention i.e. a kind of forming method is set, the forming force transmitted wherein by shaping jig during being molded only It is applied on the less sub- face (Teilflaeche) in the part face of the forming surface to be formed as workpiece, wherein, sub- face exists Especially constantly it is changed during the forming force effect of constant, so that whole face is loaded to be molded after a circulation terminates Power.Here, the present invention be based on the surprising understanding, if that is, forming force be not and meanwhile be passed in whole forming surface, But serial action on the sub- face progressively or persistently changed, until whole forming surface by with forming force loading at least one times, can Than relatively low temperature (its be in the scope of cold forming or only slightly higher than this and be therefore far below the temperature of half thermoforming) It is lower to obtain the forming ability being obviously improved.Partly or with increasing it is delivered to i.e. especially by forming force on sub- face, wherein, it is selected Sub- face be especially changed continuously after predetermined circulation on forming surface.
Corresponding to the one of this method particularly advantageous design, φ is can reach in the temperature range that low-grade fever is molded>4 Shockingly high forming ability, this forming ability and the shaping energy even significantly more than half thermoforming herein corresponding to thermoforming Power.Although the physical effect of the forming ability based on the protrusion is not yet entirely understood, this is currently based on, i.e., due to variable son Face realizes that the power for the fluctuation being associated with shearing force is introduced, and it introduces anti-with respect to the common purely axial power of prior art Act on the deformation torque reduced.As a result, heat is combined by the forming method at a temperature of low-grade fever is molded according to the present invention Shaping and the advantage of cold forming.The necessary energy expenditure of heating otherwise for workpiece is reduced relative to thermoforming.In addition take The complicated removal for the oxide skin that disappeared, wherein, while reaching higher precision.Therefore less allowance is needed, it causes to show Write reduced cutting finishing and also result in material saving.It is used for what is heated relative to what half thermoforming was equally significantly reduced Energy expenditure and the forming ability of the raising under smaller forming force.The device for shaping can additionally be reduced purchases consumption Take.Additionally make tool wear minimum.But also obtained in view of illustrated while forming force reduces relative to cold forming The remarkable advantage of high forming ability.For example known per se waves forming method and swaging method suitable for the shaping. Here, the forming method can preferably be performed in the case of without intermediate annealing.In addition, the action direction of forming force can not only have There is horizontal orientation and there can be vertical orientation.
The forming method advantageously can be applicable in the temperature range between 50 °C and 450 °C.The one of this method especially has Thus the design of profit also realize, i.e., workpiece be heated at 100 °C to 300 °C between, especially at 150 °C to 250 °C Between temperature on and temperature is kept constant during being molded.The temperature range is according to current understanding formation in shaping It is optimal in terms of ability and necessary reprocessing consuming.
It is contemplated that forming force is interrupted or reduced first after being applied on the first sub- face, to be then applied to difference In on the second sub- face in the first sub- face.On the other hand, if forming force is kept constant during circulating, it was demonstrated that be special Meet practice.Thus, due to being drawn by shaping jig (it is moved along workpiece surface and is thereby loaded with the sub- face of lasting change) The improvement of the desired great-jump-forward of forming ability is realized in the friction risen.Reduce control simultaneously to expend, it is otherwise in instrument and workpiece Corresponding sub- face separation when need additional consuming to be used for relative positioning again.
Thus it can be performed during unique circulation or multiple complete circulations from original state to predetermined setting geometry The shaping of shape.Therefore significantly shorten manufacture to expend.Ensure consistent forming force in every sub- face in a straightforward manner simultaneously.
Certainly, forming force can also be changed to thus realize different deformations in different sub- faces during circulating Degree.In addition, shaping jig also can be provided that into and cause adjustable different positions and therefore different size of sub- face can be loaded, Pressure is improved so as to thus local.And if the sub- face for being formed power loading respectively substantially waits the earth measured during circulating, It is particularly suitable.Thereby guarantee that constant power is introduced and therefore uniform shaping.Make surfacing simultaneously and ensure high size Stability.
By making shaping jig that there is adjustable acting surface or being exchangeably arranged at instrument receiving portion, sub- face it is big I easily makes a reservation for.
The shaping jig can be temporarily held in during transfer molding power in unique sub- face, so that relative position is walked Change with entering.According to another design of the forming method of the present invention it is hopeful to turn out to be particularly successful, sub- face wherein Change is constantly realized, so as to continuously perform the relative fortune between shaping jig and the surface of workpiece parallel to surface It is dynamic.Uniform shaping is realized in this way, and it causes the further improvement of quality of materials.
The workpiece geometries for being not limited to determine according to the forming method of the present invention.But if face to be formed is point pair Claim or substantially rotationally symmetrical, have proven to especially to meet practice, wherein, what shaping jig was acted on during transfer molding power Sub- face is no more than the size for the section (Sektor) for carrying the area fraction reduced relative to face to be formed.
For example it is suited for use in using the especially at least workpiece of the blank being made up of steel of column paragraph by paragraph.Here, workpiece During being molded can position regularly fixed or moved relative to shaping jig.Here, the effect by making shaping jig Face is not parallel to the sub- planar orientation of workpiece, and the part power of forming force introduces the main inclination by shaping jig and produced.
When performing the forming method, shaping jig can be using on unique instrumental purpose to the sub- face of workpiece, and it is at it The bearing-surface back to instrument above type be placed in punch die (Gesenk) and thus fixed via its whole outer surface.One becomes Body is had proven to be particularly advantageous, wherein shaping jig with the sub- face of the first forming surface of the first instrumental purpose to workpiece and With on the sub- face unified especially with the sub- face of the first forming surface of the second forming surface of the second instrumental purpose to workpiece.It is achieved in It is dual locally-shaped, two instruments are made wherein relative to workpiece tipping.Thus, not only realized at upper mould but also at lower mould Less friction.In addition, two outer surfaces in workpiece can realize higher degree of deformation, circle thus for example can be most preferably manufactured Stud wheel.Thus, this method is for example also applied for carrying the roller gear of less tooth module or suitable for high teeth portion, and it is thus It can also be manufactured by shaping at a temperature of less than scaling boundary first.
Here, according to another the two instruments of favourable design can be synchronized with it is mobile, especially perform system One rotary motion.
Preferably, the two instruments have tool axis respectively, and the axis of itself and workpiece is enclosed between 0 ° and 7 ° Such as also consistent angle.Certainly, instrument can also have the angle different relative to workpiece.In addition, two instruments or only one Individual instrument can perform feed motion.
If workpiece is arranged with distinguishing relative tilt with its axis relative to the tool axis of the two instruments in addition, card Actually meet practice, wherein, not only workpiece but also at least one instrument is moved.Especially it is at least one instrument in order to will be into Type power, which is delivered on workpiece, to be placed in oscillating motion or two instruments are disposed about in the rotary motion of tool axis, instrument At least one in axis is relative to axis tipping.
Here, by loading workpiece or shaping jig with liquid or solid lubricant before shaping, can be achieved to obtain Degree of deformation be obviously improved.
There is provided a kind of purpose that second of teeth portion component manufactured using the forming method referred to according to the present invention due to Higher required precision is realized using a kind of teeth portion component, especially bevel gear, crown gear or roller gear.Preferably, this Such component is directed to, local φ is needed during using the stroke shaping without intermediate annealing wherein>4 degree of deformation (such as in the case of flange shaft).
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention allows a large amount of forms of implementation.In order to further illustrate its general principle, one of those shows in the accompanying drawings Go out and illustrate below.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is shown to the shaping jig and the side view of workpiece during forming method is performed;
Fig. 2 shows the top view to the forming surface of workpiece;
Fig. 3 shows the side view to another shaping jig with two instruments during forming method is performed;
Fig. 4 shows the perspective view of the bevel gear manufactured with the forming method;
Fig. 5 shows the perspective view of the roller gear manufactured with the forming method.
Embodiment
Next described in detail to illustrate general principle according to Fig. 1 and 2 according to forming method of the invention.Fig. 1 exists Shown in side view for it is known per se wave or the manufacture of swaging method be embodied as teeth portion component workpiece 2 into Type instrument 1.In this regard, shaping jig 1 has rotationally symmetrical instrument 3, it is maintained in punch die 4 in order to which forming force is delivered to Workpiece 2 on be placed in the oscillating motion relative to axis 5 or the rotary motion of the tool axis around tipping 6.With showing There is technology to compare the motion of the motion for not producing reversing but circular rotation.Thus, corresponded in the region in sub- face 7 The forming force F of temporary transient contact surface from the axis 5s instrument 3 of the periphery relative to workpiece 2, which is applied to, is maintained at punch die 4 In workpiece 2 on, wherein, forming force F between axis 5 and the periphery of molding part have its maximum FmaxAnd in marginal zone There is its minimum value F in domainmin.By the way that workpiece 2 is heated approximately in 200 °C of temperature and makes to be passed when forming force F is different To entirely in fig. 2 in cognizable forming surface 8 but serial action is on the sub- face 7 progressively or constantly changed, until whole Individual forming surface 8 at least one times, can be realized shockingly high deformation with forming force f loadings in the case where power effect is smaller Degree.
As especially in fig. 2 in the top view to forming surface 8 it is cognizable, forming force F is by localized delivery to phase On the sub- face 7 answered, wherein, the sub- face 7 selected continuously is converted on forming surface 8 after predetermined circulation.So determine Different sub- face 7,7', 7'', 7''' have consistent size and schematically illustrated in fig. 2 respectively.Due to different sub- faces 7, On 7', 7'', 7''' be continuously advanced power effect F, be associated with shearing force produce fluctuation power introduce, its with respect to The common purely axial power of prior art introduces the deformation torque that reaction reduces.As a result, at a temperature of by being molded in low-grade fever The forming method according to the present invention combine the advantage of thermoforming and cold forming.
Addedly it also show in figure 3 in the forming method according to the present invention is can be applicable to during performing forming method The shaping jig 9 with two instruments 3,10 a variant.Here, shaping jig 9 is applied to the of workpiece with the first instrument 3 The second forming surface 11 that workpiece 2 is applied to the second instrument 10 on the sub- face 7 being shown specifically in fig. 2 of one forming surface 8 On the sub- face big relative to the grade of sub- face 7 of the first forming surface 8.By making the two instruments 3,10 not loaded by entire surface respectively, Two outer surfaces in workpiece 2 while degree of deformation is higher realize less friction.The two instruments 3,10 have respectively Tool axis 6,12, it surrounds consistent angle relative to workpiece 2 so that the tool axis 6,12 of the two instruments 3,10 is divided Other opposite piece axis is obliquely arranged.
Finally, also respectively illustrate in figures 4 and 5 and be used as teeth portion component by the use of what is manufactured according to the forming method of the present invention Workpiece 2, wherein, bevel gear is shown in Fig. 4 and roller gear is shown in Figure 5.
List of numerals
1 shaping jig
2 workpiece
3 instruments
4 punch dies
5 axis
6 tool axis
7 sub- faces
8 forming surfaces
9 shaping jigs
10 instruments
11 forming surfaces
12 tool axis
F forming forces
FmaxMaximum forming force
FminMinimum forming force.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of forming method, workpiece (2) is brought in certain temperature or temperature range and by means of shaping jig wherein (1,9) is molded, wherein, forming force (F) serial action transmitted during being molded by the shaping jig (1,9) to institute On the sub- face (7) progressively or persistently changed for the forming surface (8,11) to be formed for stating workpiece (2), until whole forming surface (8, 11) loaded at least one times with forming force (F), wherein, the sub- face (7) is changed during constant forming force (F) effect, Characterized in that, the workpiece (2) is heated in the temperature between 100 °C to 300 °C, and the temperature is during being molded It is kept constant, and the shaping jig (9) is applied to the first forming surface (8) of the workpiece (2) with the first instrument (3) The second forming surface (11) that the workpiece (2) is applied to the second instrument (10) on sub- face (7) with first forming surface (8) on the consistent sub- face in sub- face (7).
2. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that with local φ>The shaping of 4 degree of deformation is not using Stroke with intermediate annealing is performed.
3. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shaping is by waving forming method and/or footpath Realized to shaping.
4. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shaping is realized by swaging method.
5. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the forming force (F) is loaded to be molded in whole face It is kept constant during the circulation of power.
6. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that from original state to predetermined setting geometry It is performed during being molded over unique circulation or multiple complete circulations.
7. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sub- face (7) loaded respectively by the forming force (F) Being measured during one circulates must wait big.
8. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sub- face (7) is in the forming force (F) action period Between constantly changed.
9. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the forming surface (8,11) is circular, wherein, institute State the size that sub- face (7) is no more than the section of 25% area with the forming surface (8,11).
10. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first instrument (3) and second instrument (10) it is synchronized with movement.
11. forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first instrument (3) and second instrument (10) there is tool axis (6,12) respectively, the axis of itself and the workpiece (2) surrounds consistent angle.
12. forming method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the workpiece (2) is with its axis relative to institute State tool axis (6,12) the difference relative tilt of the first instrument (3) and second instrument (10).
13. forming method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that first instrument (3) and second instrument (10) in the rotary motion for being disposed about the tool axis (6,12), at least one phase in the tool axis (6,12) Tilted for the axis (5).
14. a kind of forming method, workpiece (2) is brought in certain temperature or temperature range and by means of shaping jig wherein (1,9) is molded, wherein, forming force (F) serial action transmitted during being molded by the shaping jig (1,9) to institute On the sub- face (7) progressively or persistently changed for the forming surface (8,11) to be formed for stating workpiece (2), until whole forming surface (8, 11) loaded at least one times with forming force (F), wherein, the sub- face (7) is changed during constant forming force (F) effect, Characterized in that, the workpiece (2) is heated in the temperature between 100 °C to 300 °C, and the temperature is during being molded It is kept constant, and the shaping jig (1) is with the son of the forming surface (8) to be formed of instrumental purpose to the workpiece (2) It is placed in the bearing-surface back to the instrument in punch die (4) on face (7) and the workpiece (2) face type.
15. bevel gear, crown gear or roller gear, it is manufactured according to the forming method according to claim 1 or 14.
CN201380045078.9A 2012-08-27 2013-08-22 Forming method and the teeth portion component manufactured according to the forming method Active CN104582874B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012016926.4A DE102012016926A1 (en) 2012-08-27 2012-08-27 Forming process and a molded part produced by this forming process
DE102012016926.4 2012-08-27
PCT/EP2013/067433 WO2014033038A1 (en) 2012-08-27 2013-08-22 Forming method and a tooth component produced in accordance with said forming method

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CN104582874A CN104582874A (en) 2015-04-29
CN104582874B true CN104582874B (en) 2017-08-11

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EP (1) EP2888064B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104582874B (en)
DE (1) DE102012016926A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014033038A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020200649A1 (en) * 2020-01-21 2021-07-22 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Partial forming for the production of heat sinks

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CN104582874A (en) 2015-04-29
DE102012016926A1 (en) 2014-02-27
EP2888064A1 (en) 2015-07-01
WO2014033038A1 (en) 2014-03-06
EP2888064B1 (en) 2020-10-14

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