CN104579390B - ASK wireless receivers and its auto gain control method - Google Patents
ASK wireless receivers and its auto gain control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104579390B CN104579390B CN201410053454.5A CN201410053454A CN104579390B CN 104579390 B CN104579390 B CN 104579390B CN 201410053454 A CN201410053454 A CN 201410053454A CN 104579390 B CN104579390 B CN 104579390B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electronic device, a kind of ASK wireless receivers and its auto gain control method are disclosed.ASK wireless receivers are included:First order feedforward automatic growth control module and second level feedback automatic growth control module.The first order feedovers automatic growth control module according to the amplitude of the radiofrequency signal received from antenna, to carrying out automatic growth control for the low-noise amplifier LNA being amplified to the radiofrequency signal;Feed back control voltage of the automatic growth control module according to produced by rear class and dynamically adjust gain amplifier that the LNA is exported, through the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals, the modulated signal of output amplitude relative constancy in the second level;The modulated signal of the output is demodulated by complex demodulator;The control voltage is obtained according to the signal after the demodulation.ASK wireless receivings function is rapidly adjusted to whole receiver link gain, while the continuously linear regulation to link gain can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic device, the fast gain regulation circuit in more particularly to a kind of wireless receiver for ASK.
Background technology
ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying, amplitude-shift keying)Wireless telecommunication system is widely used in remote keyless control
System, the field such as gate inhibition, the characteristics of with low cost, low in energy consumption, long transmission distance, simple application circuit.The ASK of complete set without
Line control system includes transmitter and receiver two parts, as shown in figure 1, this two parts is generally individually present.In existing ASK
In the gain control structure of wireless receiver, there are two kinds of main implementations:
(1)Based on peakvalue's checking(PKD)Feedback controling mode, as shown in Figure 2.ASK based on peakvalue's checking wirelessly connects
Receipts machine structure includes low-noise amplifier(Low Noise Amplifier, referred to as " LNA "), frequency mixer, wave filter, variable increasing
Beneficial amplifier(Variable Gain Amplifier, referred to as " VGA "), peak detector(PKD)And automatic gain controller
(Automatic Gain Control, referred to as " AGC "), wherein AGC and VGA, Mixer(Frequency mixer)Gain is formed to control back
Road.This gain control structure is that AGC modules are by demodulated signal amplitude by the signal input after demodulation to AGC modules
Size is compared with preset value, so that the discharge and recharge of electric capacity C1 is controlled, and the voltage on electric capacity C1 directly controls VGA and mixing
The gain of device, so as to realize automatic growth control.If amplitude exceedes preset value, by the C1 electric discharges of control electric capacity, on electric capacity C1
Voltage reduction, link gain reduction;Otherwise it is then anti-.
(2)Based on received signal strength indicator(RSSI)Feedback controling mode, as shown in Figure 3.The program is equally used
Closed-loop feedback manner controls gain, and what its gain was controlled acts on LNA, and the loop of this gain control structure includes LNA,
Mixer(Frequency mixer), VGA, RSSI and AGC module.RSSI is input in AGC after receiving signal, is connect in AGC modules
The signal of receipts is compared with preset value, so that the gain size of LNA is determined, if RSSI signals are more than preset value, by LNA
It is set to low gain mode;Otherwise it is then anti-.
But, when the distance of emitter and receiver changes, the signal that receiver antenna can sense is by synchronous change
Change.If quick regulation can not be carried out to whole receiver link gain, receiver signal will be caused to block(Signal is excessive)Or
Cannot receive(Signal is too small), and then cause data packetloss.In scheme(1)In, the gain control the structure ring road response time compared with
It is long, it is impossible to enough carrier amplitude changes of tracking in time, so as to cause receiver to occur blocking or cannot connecing in input signal saltus step
Receive.
Equally, in scheme(2)In, the program is also adopted by closed-loop feedback manner control gain, and its gain control makes and is used for
LNA, the loop of the gain control structure includes LNA, Mixer, AMP(Amplifier), RSSI and AGC modules, the loop wrapped
Include module many, control time is long, be unfavorable for quick response.
Meanwhile, in scheme(2)In, whole link only exists two kinds of discrete gain modes of large-and small-signal, is unfavorable for link
The continuously linear of gain is reconciled.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ASK wireless receivers and its auto gain control method so that ASK is wireless
Receiver is capable of the situation of the big signal of quick response or small-signal, while the continuously linear regulation to link gain can be realized.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of ASK wireless receivers, comprising:First order feedforward is automatic
Gain control module and second level feedback automatic growth control module;
Wherein, first order feedforward automatic growth control module is according to the amplitude of the radiofrequency signal received from antenna,
To carrying out automatic growth control for carrying out the low-noise amplifier LNA of low noise amplification to the radiofrequency signal;
Control voltage of the second level feedback automatic growth control module according to produced by rear class dynamically adjusts described
The gain amplifier through the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals of LNA outputs, the tune of output amplitude relative constancy
Signal processed;The modulated signal of the output is demodulated by complex demodulator;After the control voltage is according to the demodulation
Signal is obtained.
Present invention also offers a kind of auto gain control method of ASK wireless receivers, comprise the steps of:
Radiofrequency signal is received from antenna;
The amplitude of the radiofrequency signal that first order feedforward automatic growth control module is received according to, to for described
The low-noise amplifier LNA that radiofrequency signal carries out low noise amplification carries out automatic growth control;
It is defeated that control voltage of the second level feedback automatic growth control module according to produced by rear class dynamically adjusts the LNA
The gain amplifier through the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals for going out, the modulation letter of output amplitude relative constancy
Number;The modulated signal of the output is demodulated by complex demodulator;The control voltage is according to the signal after the demodulation
Obtain.
Embodiment of the present invention in terms of existing technologies, radio frequency is realized by first order feedforward automatic growth control module
The feedforward automatic growth control of front end, the feedback automatic gain of intermediate-frequency section is realized by second level feedback automatic growth control module
Control.Because first order feedforward automatic growth control module can automatically will when the amplitude of input signal exceedes certain limit
LNA is switched to low gain mode, conversely, when input signal amplitude is reduced to certain limit, LNA is switched into high-gain automatically
Pattern, whole process does not need rear class feedback signal, therefore greatly improves response speed, and this part is played to whole link gain
Coarse adjustment is acted on.And it is that the control voltage according to produced by rear class dynamically adjusts amplification that automatic growth control module is fed back in the second level
Gain, fine tuning effect is played to whole link gain.Automatically adjusting for fast gain is realized by two links so that ASK
Wireless receiver rapidly can be adjusted to whole receiver link gain, the feelings of the big signal of quick response or small-signal
Condition, while the continuously linear regulation to link gain can be realized.
In addition, first order feedforward automatic growth control module is automatic gain controller AGC;Feed back automatic gain in the second level
Control module is variable gain amplifier VGA.Because AGC and VGA are existing ripe devices, it is ensured that embodiment party of the present invention
The feasibility of formula.
In addition, the input of second level feedback automatic growth control module is connected with the output end of bandpass filter;It is described
The output end of second level feedback automatic growth control module is connected with the complex demodulator;The output letter of the complex demodulator
Number it is input in current controller, the current controller directly controls the discharge and recharge of an electric capacity;The control voltage is the electricity
Voltage in appearance.Because intermediate frequency feeds back automatic gain control circuit by VGA, complex demodulator, current controller and electric capacity C mono-
Rise and constitute, in the signal input that complex demodulator is detected to current controller, current controller directly controls electric capacity C charge and discharges
Electricity, the voltage on electric capacity C is applied directly in VGA.And communication data coding theory understands, last solution recalls the " high of data
Level ", " low level " theoretical probability should be identical, therefore can with this signal opening come the charge pump in control electric current controller
Open and close.If VGA gain is excessive, averagely demodulating the high level probability for coming will be excessive, therefore now charge pump control
Electric capacity discharges, and reduces its voltage, so as to reduce VGA gain until stabilization;, whereas if VGA gain is too small, then demodulate what is come
" low level " probability will be less than normal, and now charge pump control electric capacity C charges, and raises electric capacity C voltage, so as to improve VGA gain
Until stabilization.Therefore, the closed gain control loop based on above-mentioned principle design can effectively combine the increasing that demodulation module controls VGA
Benefit, it is ensured that intermediate frequency feedback automatic gain control circuit can play fine tuning effect to whole link gain.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ASK wireless control systems structural representation of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the feedback controling mode schematic diagram based on peakvalue's checking of the prior art;
Fig. 3 is the feedback controling mode schematic diagram based on received signal strength indicator of the prior art;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the ASK wireless receivers according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the electrical block diagram of the LNA in second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the AGC part-structure schematic diagrams in second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the VGA structural representations in second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the complex demodulator electrical block diagram in second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the current controller structural representation in second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the auto gain control method flow chart of the ASK wireless receivers according to third embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to each reality of the invention
The mode of applying is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each implementation method of the invention,
In order that reader more fully understands the application and proposes many ins and outs.But, even if without these ins and outs and base
Many variations and modification in following implementation method, it is also possible to realize the application each claim technical side required for protection
Case.
First embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of ASK wireless receivers, concrete structure as shown in figure 4, the ASK is wireless
Receiver is included:Antenna, low-noise amplifier(LNA), automatic gain controller(AGC), frequency mixer(Mixer), phaselocked loop
(Phase Locked Loop, referred to as " PLL "), bandpass filter(Band-pass filter, referred to as " BPF "), variable gain
Amplifier(VGA), complex demodulator, current controller, electric capacity C and clock data restorer.
Wherein, AGC as the first order feedover automatic growth control module, according to the width of the radiofrequency signal received from antenna
Degree, to carrying out automatic growth control for carrying out low noise amplification LNA to radiofrequency signal.As shown in figure 4, the input of the AGC
It is connected with antenna, output end is connected with the LNA.The AGC and LNA constitutes the feedforward automatic growth control electricity of radio frequency part
Road, works as input signal(The radiofrequency signal for being received from antenna)Amplitude exceed preset value when, LNA is switched to low gain by AGC
Pattern;Conversely, when input signal amplitude is less than preset value, LNA is switched to high gain mode by AGC.Whole process need not
Rear class feedback signal, is conducive to improving response speed, and the automatic growth control of the radio frequency part is played slightly to whole link gain
Tune is acted on.
In the present embodiment, the output termination frequency mixer of LNA, another input of frequency mixer terminates the defeated of phaselocked loop
Go out end, the input of the output terminal strip bandpass filter of frequency mixer.That is, LNA by antenna detection to radiofrequency signal put
Greatly, and it is input in Mixer, another input of Mixer is phaselocked loop(PLL), the load required for the lower mixing of PLL generations
Ripple signal.Mixer is by produced signal input to bandpass filter(BPF)In, BPF can be filtered outside useful signal frequency range
Interference signal, in the signal input in channel to next stage VGA.VGA feeds back automatic growth control module, root as the second level
Dynamically adjusted according to the control voltage produced by rear class and increased through the amplification of the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals
Benefit, the modulated signal of output amplitude relative constancy, the modulated signal of the output is demodulated by complex demodulator;Control electricity
Obtained according to the signal after the demodulation at all.
Specifically, the input of VGA is connected with the output end of bandpass filter, and output end is connected with complex demodulator,
The output signal of complex demodulator is input in current controller, and the current controller directly controls the discharge and recharge of an electric capacity, control
Voltage processed is the voltage on electric capacity.The output signal of complex demodulator is by obtaining data-signal after clock data restorer
And clock signal.
That is, the feedback that VGA, complex demodulator, current controller and electric capacity C constitute intermediate-frequency section together is automatic
Gain control circuit.To in current controller, current controller directly controls electric capacity C to the signal input that complex demodulator is detected
Discharge and recharge, the voltage on electric capacity C is applied directly in VGA.From communication data coding theory, last solution recalls data
The theoretical probability of " high level ", " low level " should be identical, therefore can be with this signal come the charge pump in control electric current controller
Opening and closing.If VGA gain is excessive, averagely demodulating the high level probability for coming will be excessive, therefore now charge pump
Control electric capacity electric discharge, reduces its voltage, so as to reduce VGA gain until stabilization;, whereas if VGA gain is too small, then demodulate
" low level " probability for coming will be less than normal, and now charge pump control electric capacity C charges, and raises electric capacity C voltage, so as to improve VGA
Gain is until stabilization.Closed gain control loop based on above-mentioned principle design can effectively combine the increasing that demodulation module controls VGA
Benefit.Fine tuning effect is played to whole link gain in this part.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, by two-stage gain-adjusted mechanism(The feedforward automatic growth control electricity of radio-frequency front-end
Road and the feedback automatic gain control circuit of intermediate-frequency section)Realize automatically adjusting for fast gain so that ASK wireless receivers
It is capable of the situation of the big signal of quick response or small-signal, while the continuously linear regulation to link gain can be realized, effectively increases
The strong stability of design, more adapts to commercial Application.
And, it is automatic as second level feedback using VGA using AGC as first order feedforward automatic growth control module
Gain control module.Because AGC and VGA are existing ripe devices, it is ensured that the feasibility of embodiment of the present invention.
It is noted that each module involved in present embodiment is logic module, in actual applications, one
Individual logic unit can be a part for a physical location, or a physical location, can also be with multiple physics lists
The combination of unit is realized.Additionally, in order to protrude innovative part of the invention, will not be with solution institute of the present invention in present embodiment
The unit that the technical problem relation of proposition is less close is introduced, but this is not intended that in present embodiment do not exist other lists
Unit.
Second embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of ASK wireless receivers.Second embodiment is in first embodiment
Radix on made further refinement, give LNA, AGC, VGA, complex demodulator, current control in ASK wireless receivers
The concrete structure of device.
Specifically, as shown in figure 5, wherein, RFI is the radiofrequency signal of input to the circuit structure of the LNA with gain switching,
RFOP, RFON are the radio-frequency differential signal of output, and VCS1, VCS2 are the bias voltage of folded tube M2, M5, and VB1, VB2 are amplification
The DC offset voltage of pipe M3, M6, GCTL is gain switch-over control signal.
As shown in fig. 6, wherein, RFI is the radiofrequency signal of input to AGC part-structures in feedforward gain control circuit,
GCTL is the gain control signal of output, and VBI is the bias voltage of radiofrequency signal, and VBC is the bias voltage of current source, and VBT is
The threshold voltage of comparator, the radiofrequency signal of input is by after first order caching, being input to rear class signal integration circuit, integration electricity
, in comparator, the threshold voltage VBT with setting compares, and produces gain control signal for average control source produced by road.
VGA structures in feedback oscillator control circuit are as shown in Figure 7(Wherein I, in Q arbitrarily all the way).Wherein, INM, INP
It is the differential signal of input, OUTM, OUTP are the differential signal of output, and VREF is common-mode feedback reference voltage, and VC is gain control
Voltage processed, VBP is bias voltage, and dotted line frame is common-mode feedback part.
As shown in figure 8, wherein, IP, IN, QP, QN are the orthogonal vector signal of VGA outputs to complex demodulator circuit structure,
To after MN5~MN8, produced electric current includes a constant DC component and in addition to above-mentioned four tunnel signal input on MN2
One AC compounent related to input signal amplitude, wherein direct current component can be offset by adjusting the electric current of MN4, therefore
The electric current related to input signal amplitude is only existed in MP4~MP9, above-mentioned electric current is changed and BUF by OPA voltages to electric current
Shaping after, form demodulated output signal DEM.
Current controller structure is as shown in figure 9, wherein, in current controller, DEM is the demodulated signal of input, and IB is
Input reference current, OUT is exported for charge and discharge electric current.When DEM is high level, correspondence VGA now gains are larger, electric discharge
Branch road MN1, MN14 opening, electric capacity electric discharge, capacitance voltage declines;When DEM is low level, correspondence VGA now gains are smaller,
Charging paths MP13, MN18 opening, electric capacity is charged, and capacitance voltage is raised, and said process forms a complete closed-loop control.
It is noted that LNA, AGC, VGA, complex demodulator, the specific knot of current controller in present embodiment
Structure, simply a kind of concrete implementation mode, in actual applications, it would however also be possible to employ other equivalent circuit structures, differs herein
One repeats.
Third embodiment of the invention is related to a kind of auto gain control method of ASK wireless receivers, and idiographic flow is such as
Shown in Figure 10.
In step 1001, ASK wireless receivers receive radiofrequency signal from antenna.
Then, in step 1002, first order feedforward automatic growth control module(Such as AGC)According to the radio frequency letter for receiving
Number amplitude, to carrying out automatic growth control for carrying out the LNA of low noise amplification to radiofrequency signal.Specifically, input is worked as
Signal(The radiofrequency signal for being received from antenna)Amplitude exceed preset value when, LNA is switched to low gain mode by AGC;Conversely,
When input signal amplitude is less than preset value, LNA is switched to high gain mode by AGC.Whole process does not need rear class feedback letter
Number, being conducive to improving response speed, the automatic growth control of the radio frequency part plays coarse adjustment effect to whole link gain.
In step 1003, second level feedback automatic growth control module(Such as VGA)Control electricity according to produced by rear class
Pressure dynamically adjusts the gain amplifier through the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals of the LNA outputs, output
The modulated signal of amplitude relative constancy.The modulated signal of the output is demodulated by complex demodulator;The control voltage
Obtained according to the signal after the demodulation.
Specifically, by the radiofrequency signal output after amplification to frequency mixer, another input of frequency mixer is received LNA
The carrier signal of phaselocked loop output.Phaselocked loop produces lower carrier signal required for being mixed.Frequency mixer is defeated by produced signal
Enter to BPF, the interference signal outside useful signal frequency range is filtered by BPF, in the signal input in channel to VGA.VGA is used as
Two grades feedback automatic growth control modules, the control voltage according to produced by rear class dynamically adjust filtered through bandpass filter it is dry
The gain amplifier of the useful signal after signal is disturbed, the modulated signal of output amplitude relative constancy, the modulated signal of the output is led to
Complex demodulator is crossed to be demodulated.The output signal of complex demodulator also will enter into a current controller, the current control
Device directly controls the discharge and recharge of an electric capacity, and control voltage is the voltage on electric capacity.
By using the opening and closing of the charge pump in the data control electric current controller that complex demodulator is demodulated.Such as
Fruit VGA gain is excessive, and averagely demodulating the high level probability for coming will be excessive, therefore now charge pump control electric capacity electric discharge, drop
Low its voltage, so as to reduce VGA gain until stabilization;, whereas if VGA gain is too small, then " low level " come is demodulated general
Rate will be less than normal, and now charge pump control electric capacity C charges, and raises electric capacity C voltage, so as to improve VGA gain until stabilization.Base
The gain that demodulation module controls VGA can be effectively combined in the closed gain control loop of above-mentioned principle design.This part is to whole
Individual link gain plays fine tuning effect.
It is seen that, present embodiment is the embodiment of the method corresponding with first embodiment, and present embodiment can be with
First embodiment is worked in coordination implementation.The relevant technical details mentioned in first embodiment still have in the present embodiment
Effect, in order to reduce repetition, repeats no more here.Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in present embodiment are also applicable in
In first embodiment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above are to realize specific embodiment of the invention,
And in actual applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ASK wireless receivers, it is characterised in that include:First order feedforward automatic growth control module and the second level are anti-
Feedback automatic growth control module;
Wherein, first order feedforward automatic growth control module is according to the amplitude of the radiofrequency signal received from antenna, to
Automatic growth control is carried out in the low-noise amplifier LNA being amplified to the radiofrequency signal;Wherein, when the width of radiofrequency signal
When degree exceedes preset value, LNA is switched to low gain mode by first order feedforward automatic growth control module;Conversely, when radio frequency letter
Number amplitude be less than preset value when, the first order feedforward automatic growth control module LNA is switched to high gain mode;
It is defeated that control voltage of the second level feedback automatic growth control module according to produced by rear class dynamically adjusts the LNA
Gain amplifier going out, through the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals, the modulation letter of output amplitude relative constancy
Number;The modulated signal of the output is demodulated by complex demodulator;The control voltage is according to the signal after the demodulation
Obtain.
2. ASK wireless receivers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The input of the first order feedforward automatic growth control module is connected with antenna, the first order feedforward automatic gain control
The output end of molding block is connected with the LNA.
3. ASK wireless receivers according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The first order feedforward automatic growth control module is automatic gain controller AGC.
4. ASK wireless receivers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The input of the second level feedback automatic growth control module is connected with the output end of bandpass filter;The second level
The output end for feeding back automatic growth control module is connected with the complex demodulator;
The output signal of the complex demodulator is input in current controller, and the current controller directly controls filling for an electric capacity
Electric discharge;
The control voltage is the voltage on the electric capacity.
5. ASK wireless receivers according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
The second level feedback automatic growth control module is variable gain amplifier.
6. ASK wireless receivers according to any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that
The output termination frequency mixer of the LNA, the output end of another input termination phaselocked loop of the frequency mixer;
The input of the output termination bandpass filter of the frequency mixer.
7. a kind of auto gain control method of ASK wireless receivers, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
Radiofrequency signal is received from antenna;
The amplitude of the radiofrequency signal that first order feedforward automatic growth control module is received according to, to for the radio frequency
The low-noise amplifier LNA that signal carries out low noise amplification carries out automatic growth control;Wherein, when the amplitude of radiofrequency signal exceedes
During preset value, LNA is switched to low gain mode by first order feedforward automatic growth control module;Conversely, when the width of radiofrequency signal
When degree is less than preset value, LNA is switched to high gain mode by first order feedforward automatic growth control module;
Feed back control voltage of the automatic growth control module according to produced by rear class and dynamically adjust the LNA outputs in the second level
Through the gain amplifier of the useful signal after bandpass filter filtering interference signals, the modulated signal of output amplitude relative constancy;Institute
The modulated signal for stating output is demodulated by complex demodulator;The control voltage is obtained according to the signal after the demodulation.
8. the auto gain control method of ASK wireless receivers according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
The first order feedforward automatic growth control module is automatic gain controller AGC;
The second level feedback automatic growth control module is variable gain amplifier.
9. the auto gain control method of ASK wireless receivers according to claim 7, it is characterised in that by following
Mode, the control voltage is obtained according to the signal after the demodulation:
By current controller according to the output signal of the complex demodulator, the discharge and recharge of an electric capacity is directly controlled;
The control voltage is the voltage on the electric capacity.
10. the auto gain control method of the ASK wireless receivers according to any one of claim 7 to 9, its feature exists
In also comprising the steps of:
The output signal of the LNA is input to the bandpass filter through frequency mixer;
Another input of the frequency mixer receives the carrier signal of phaselocked loop output.
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EP3226426B1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-12-04 | Nxp B.V. | Method and system for controlling an amplifier of a communications device |
CN108347163B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2024-02-23 | 江苏星宇芯联电子科技有限公司 | Novel automatic gain control circuit of charge pump structure and control method thereof |
CN108900171A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-27 | 上海亮牛半导体科技有限公司 | A kind of AGC device and method being adapted to zero intermediate frequency radio-frequency transmitter |
CN110824918B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-09-29 | 大连理工大学 | Adaptive control method for shape surface of antenna reflector |
CN112803908B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 南京沁恒微电子股份有限公司 | Large dynamic rapid automatic gain control method in Bluetooth receiver and module thereof |
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