CN104572229B - The firmware upgrade method and device for upgrading firmware of embedded system - Google Patents
The firmware upgrade method and device for upgrading firmware of embedded system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the firmware upgrade method of embedded system and device, the method includes：(a) it obtains and stores upgrade image file to the store path information of one first subregion of the nonvolatile memory of embedded system and generation upgrade image file；(b) bad block detection is carried out to one second subregion of nonvolatile memory；(c) position for copying upgrade image file to the good block of the second subregion and modification os starting from the first subregion according to store path information is to start from the second subregion；(d) in embedded system after the second partition Reboot operation system, bad block detection is carried out to a third subregion of nonvolatile memory；(e) copy upgrade image file to third subregion good block and change os starting position be from third subregion start；(f) make embedded system from third partition Reboot operation system.Therefore, the present invention can solve operating system update process nonvolatile memory such as NAND FLASH and generate the upgrading failure problem that bad block is brought.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to embedded system technology field, more particularly to the firmware upgrade method of a kind of embedded system and
A kind of device for upgrading firmware of embedded system.
Background technology
Embedded OS is a kind of widely used system software, and it is soft to generally include hardware-related bottom layer driving
Part, system kernel, device drives interface, communication protocol, graphical interfaces, standardization browser etc..Embedded OS is responsible for
Concurrent activities are coordinated in the distribution of whole soft and hardware resources of embedded device, task scheduling, control, must embody its place
The feature of system can reach the function required by system by loading and unloading certain module.Make extensively in built-in field at present
Operating system has：Built-in Linux, Windows Embedded are (such as：Wince6.0), VxWorks etc., and apply
Android, iOS etc. of smart mobile phone and tablet computer.
The characteristics of embedded OS, mainly has：System kernel is small, specificity is strong, system is simplified, high real-time, more
Be engaged in, need developing instrument and environment etc..
Operating system (Operating system, OS) is the core of embedded development, therefore the liter of operating system
Grade update work also becomes particularly important.The method of existing embedded OS upgrading is largely by new system file
It is stored in some fixed storage region, storage is then copied again and arrives the fixed region of system file；It is copying every time
Original operating system file can be first deleted before, and after new operating system file copies successfully, restarting is embedded to be set
It is standby to complete primary system firmware upgrade update operation (namely operating system update).Another upgrading mode is by new operation system
It is uploaded to server after system file encryption, then by software download to embedded system local, then deletes original old operation
System file is finally copied to the specific region of system, restarts system and completes OS upgrading updates.
However, during existing various operating system updates, can have the following problems：(1) due to NAND Flash
System is died when leading to the problem of operating system update caused by bad block；(2) upgraded caused by driving design is unreasonable
Journey file store path information is lost and the not high problem of the system run all right that brings.
Invention content
To overcome the problems, such as that one or more existing in the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of firmware liter of embedded system
Grade method and a kind of device for upgrading firmware of embedded system.
Specifically, the firmware upgrade method of a kind of embedded system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein described embedded
System includes nonvolatile memory.The firmware upgrade method includes step：(a) it obtains and stores upgrade image file to institute
It states one first subregion of the nonvolatile memory of embedded system and generates the storage road of the upgrade image file
Diameter information；(b) bad block detection is carried out to one second subregion of the nonvolatile memory and is determined in second subregion
One good block；(c) the upgrade image file is copied to described second from first subregion according to the store path information
The good block of subregion and the position for changing os starting are to start from second subregion；(d) in the insertion
Formula system carries out a third subregion of the nonvolatile memory bad after the second partition Reboot operation system
Block detects and determines a good block in the third subregion；(e) the upgrade image file is copied to the third subregion
The good block and the position for changing os starting are to start from the third subregion；(f) make the embedded system from
The third partition Reboot operation system.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps (a) include：One application program of the embedded system receives
The upgrade image file of host computer transmission is simultaneously stored to first subregion；The application program is literary by the upgrade image
The store path information of part sends bottom upgrading driver to；And after transmitting the store path information, make institute
The thread for stating application program is in blocked state.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps (a) include：One application program of the embedded system receives
The upgrade image file of host computer transmission is simultaneously stored to first subregion；The application program is literary by the upgrade image
The store path information of part sends bottom upgrading driver to；And it is deposited described in the bottom upgrading driver preservation
Storage routing information simultaneously creates bottom upgrading thread and returns to a thread creation Success Flag after creating successfully for terminating
The thread of the application program.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned firmware upgrade method further includes step before step (c)：To described
Application program to be protected in embedded system carries out file write-protect operation, to prevent application file data to be written over.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned firmware upgrade method further includes step before step (c)：It will be described
A fixed area of the application file to be protected backup of embedded system in first subregion.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps (e) include：The upgrade image is copied from first subregion
File to the third subregion the good block；Or the upgrade image file is copied to described the from second subregion
The good block of three subregions.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned nonvolatile memory, which also divides, one the 4th subregion；Described 4th
Subregion is boot section using the storage area of the boot mirror images as os starting, and the third subregion is the first MIRROR SITE to make
For the main storage area of the kernel mirror image of operating system, second subregion is the second MIRROR SITE using the kernel mirror as operating system
The backup area of picture, first subregion are user area.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned nonvolatile memory is NAND-type flash memory.
In addition, a kind of device for upgrading firmware of embedded system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the embedded system
System includes nonvolatile memory.The device for upgrading firmware includes：Data reception module, for obtaining and storing upgrade image
File to the nonvolatile memory of the embedded system one first subregion and generate the upgrade image file
Store path information；Bad Block Management module, for one second subregion and a third subregion to the nonvolatile memory
It carries out bad block detection and determines a good block respectively in second subregion and the third subregion；Upgrade drive module, uses
According to the store path information of the upgrade image file from first subregion copy the upgrade image file to
The good block of second subregion and change os starting position be from second subregion start, make it is described embedding
Embedded system copies the upgrade image file to the third subregion after the second partition Reboot operation system
The good block and change os starting position be from the third subregion start and make the embedded system from
The third partition Reboot operation system.
In one embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned nonvolatile memory is NAND-type flash memory, described non-volatile to deposit
Reservoir, which also divides, one the 4th subregion；4th subregion is boot section using the storage of the boot mirror images as os starting
Area, the third subregion be the first MIRROR SITE using the main storage area of the kernel mirror image as operating system, second subregion is
For second MIRROR SITE using the backup area of the kernel mirror image as operating system, first subregion is user area.
Therefore, the above embodiment of the present invention can reach following one or more advantageous effects：(1) operation system is effectively solved
System escalation process, nonvolatile memory such as NAND FLASH generate the upgrading failure that bad block is brought, it is dead to eventually lead to system
The catastrophic problem fallen；(2) effectively solve the problems, such as that the routing information of escalation process kernel mirror image file is lost；(3) it solves
The not high problem of stability during operating system update；And (4) solve the user file brought in escalation process damage
Problem.
Through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, other aspects of the invention and feature become apparent.But it should know
Road, which is only the purpose design explained, not as the restriction of the scope of the present invention, this is because it should refer to
Appended claims.It should also be noted that unless otherwise noted, it is not necessary to which scale attached drawing, they only try hard to concept
Ground illustrates structure and flow described herein.
Description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the firmware upgrade method of embedded system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of subregion schematic diagram of nonvolatile memory of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of high-level schematic functional block diagram of the device for upgrading firmware of embedded system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the present invention
Specific implementation mode be described in detail.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is referred to, wherein Fig. 1 is a kind of firmware upgrade method of embedded system of the embodiment of the present invention
Flow chart, Fig. 2 are a kind of subregion schematic diagram of nonvolatile memory of the embodiment of the present invention.Specifically, in the present embodiment
In the firmware upgrade method of embedded system：
Upgrade image file is sent to embedded system by the application software of host computer (such as PC machine), by embedded
Application program in system is responsible for receiving OS (Operating System, operating system) upgrade image file from host computer
And be stored in the user area (referring to Fig. 2) of the nonvolatile memory of embedded system, subsequent updating operation process just by
Bottom upgrading driver in embedded system is completed.Firmware upgrade (or OS upgradings) is executed in bottom upgrading driver
During, upgrade image file during upgrading can be ensured in the user area of nonvolatile memory there are two types of preferred method
Store path information will not error of transmission：(a) one is the upper level applications in embedded system passes store path information
After giving bottom upgrading driver, the thread of the application program is in blocked state, ensures that bottom liter in this way
Value will not lose since the thread of application program exits during grade driver calls this store path information variable,
To ensure the correctness and accuracy of information transmission；(b) another mode is in upper level applications that image upgrade is literary
When the store path information of part is transferred to bottom upgrading driver, bottom upgrading driver is first preserved, and is then created
The upgrading thread of bottom, after creating successfully, returning to one to upper level applications, successfully mark, upper level applications receive
Successfully mark is returned, current thread is just exited, executes next step；And at this point, the thread that bottom upgrading driver creates
Poll in the current process of operating system can be placed on and execute the process for completing upgrading, this method can similarly solve file road
Diameter information loss leads to the problem of upgrading failure.
Hold it is above-mentioned, after bottom upgrading driver receives the store path information of upgrade image file, first quiescing
The operation of system boot self-starting software, the problem of to prevent software self-starting is brought in escalation process upgrading from failing.Prohibiting
It is only switched on after self-starting software, starts the copy work of upgrade image file, to non-volatile memories before copying data
Device carries out bad block detection process, when detection has bad block, is marked as bad block, and selects next good block for depositing
Store up upgrade image file data.It is the use by upgrade image file data from nonvolatile memory in first time copy procedure
Family region is copied to 2nd area of mirror image (referring to Fig. 2), covers the data in 2nd area of original mirror image；After copy is completed, grasped by changing
The position for making system startup is to start from 2nd area of mirror image.After 2 area's restarting operating systems of mirror image, restore booting self-starting
, the upgrade image file data in 2nd area of mirror image is then copied to 1st area of mirror image (referring to Fig. 2) of nonvolatile memory, is equally existed
Also Bad Block Management is done before copy, after copy is completed, the position of os starting is changed to start from 1st area of mirror image, so
The thread that backed off after random entirely upgrades, embedded system is from 1 area's restarting operating systems of mirror image.Specifically restart later operation system
System is exactly the new operating system after current upgrading, and the process entirely upgraded also just leaves it at that.
In addition, due to being copied to the data in nonvolatile memory partition during upgrading operation system
Process can cause the application file that user stores to have the possibility being damaged in this process, can for this problem
To be solved using the means of following two aspects：One is the operation for being carried out to application program to be protected file write-protect,
To prevent user file data to be written over；Another will be first waited in the user area of nonvolatile memory before OS upgradings
It protects application file data backup in a fixed region, if application file is damaged, will just back up
File copy is out replaced.This addresses the problem user application file corruptions caused by the possibility in escalation process
Problem.
Referring again to Fig. 2, the division of nonvolatile memory in the present embodiment has multiple subregions, wherein the areas boot (or
Boot section) it is mainly the boot mirror images that deposit operation system starts, 1st area of mirror image and 2nd area of mirror image are all the interior of deposit operation system
The region of core mirror image, 2nd area of mirror image only go out in the kernel mirror image of 1st area of mirror image startup typically as the backup area of kernel mirror image
When problem, system, which can be switched to, for example to be automatically switched to 2nd area of mirror image and is started；It can ensure the steady of os starting in this way
It is qualitative.User area is mainly that the file system of operating system is used to store user file, in practical application, application program
Software associated documents can all have this region.In addition, the nonvolatile memory of the present embodiment can be NAND-type flash memory, or
Other memories with non-volatile nature.
Fig. 3 is referred to, the function module for a kind of device for upgrading firmware of embedded system of the embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to.As shown in figure 3, the device for upgrading firmware 10 of the present embodiment is applied to the embedded system for including nonvolatile memory 30
In, it is to be understood that the embedded system will also include embeded processor, such as arm processor etc., and firmware upgrade
Device 10 can be realized by being implemented in the software of embeded processor.
In figure 3, device for upgrading firmware 10 includes data reception module 11, Bad Block Management module 13 and upgrading drive module
15.Wherein,
Data reception module 11 is for obtaining and storing upgrade image file to the nonvolatile memory of embedded system
30 one first subregion (user area shown in Fig. 2) and the store path information for generating the upgrade image file.
Bad Block Management module 13 is used for one second subregion (area of mirror image 2 shown in Fig. 2) of nonvolatile memory 30 and one
Third subregion (area of mirror image 1 shown in Fig. 2) carries out bad block detection and is determined respectively in second subregion and the third subregion
One good block.By taking the nonvolatile memory of embedded system is NAND-type flash memory (Flash) as an example, it is however generally that, NAND type
Flash memory is easier to generate bad block in escalation process, therefore a bad block is added before the process copied files of bottom upgrading
Processing module 13, the problem of copied files being effectively prevent to fail in this way.The concrete function of Bad Block Management module 13 be exactly
Before upgrade image file starts copy, whether the subregion first detected in NAND-type flash memory has bad block, if there is if bad block, just
It is marked as bad block, is not used subsequently, file storage data, which will continue to find next good block, to be stored, thus
Avoid the problem of upgrade image file data damage that bad block is brought.
Upgrading drive module 15 according to the store path information of the upgrade image file from first subregion for copying
Upgrade image file described in shellfish to second subregion the good block and to change the position of os starting be from described
Second subregion starts, the embedded system is made to copy the upgrade image after the second partition Reboot operation system
File to the third subregion the good block and change os starting position be from the third subregion start, with
And make the embedded system from the third partition Reboot operation system.
The firmware upgrade or OS escalation process that above-mentioned modules 11,13 and 15 are realized jointly can refer to above-mentioned
Firmware upgrade method, details are not described herein.
In addition, it is noted that the driving design scheme of the embedded OS upgrading of the above embodiment of the present invention
Suitable for Wince, Linux, iOS, Android etc.；Be previously mentioned slave mirror image 2 (the second subregion) area copy upgrade image file to
Being mirrored to the process in 1st area (third subregion) can also make into：After system starts from 2nd area of mirror image, from user area (the first subregion)
Upgrade image file is copied to 1st area of mirror image, in this way it is prevented that copying mirror in system operation after 2nd area of mirror image starts
As 2nd area upgrade image file data to 1st area of mirror image among the error in data phenomenon that is likely to occur.
In conclusion the above embodiment of the present invention can bring following one or more advantageous effects：(i) behaviour is effectively solved
Make system upgrade process, nonvolatile memory such as NAND-type flash memory generates the upgrading failure that bad block is brought, and eventually leads to and is
The catastrophic problem that system is died；(ii) effectively solve the problems, such as that the routing information of escalation process kernel mirror image file is lost；
(iii) stability is not high during solving the problems, such as operating system update；And (iv) solves the user brought in escalation process
The problem of file corruption.
Used herein firmware upgrade method and device for upgrading firmware of the specific case to embedded system of the present invention
Principle and embodiment be expounded, the explanation of above example is only intended to help understand the present invention method and its core
Thought is thought；Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, in specific implementation mode and model is applied
There will be changes are placed, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the invention, protection of the invention
Range should be subject to the attached claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of firmware upgrade method of embedded system, the embedded system include nonvolatile memory；Its feature exists
In the firmware upgrade method includes step：
(a) upper level applications of the embedded system obtain and store upgrade image file to the institute of the embedded system
It states one first subregion of nonvolatile memory and generates the store path information of the upgrade image file；
(b) after the bottom upgrading driver of the embedded system receives the store path information, to described non-volatile
Property memory one second subregion carry out bad block detection and in second subregion determine a good block；
(c) the bottom upgrading driver of the embedded system is copied according to the store path information from first subregion
The upgrade image file to second subregion the good block and to change the position of os starting be from described
Second subregion starts；
(d) in the embedded system after the second partition Reboot operation system, the bottom of the embedded system
Upgrading driver to a third subregion of the nonvolatile memory carry out bad block detection and in the third subregion really
A fixed good block；
(e) the bottom upgrading driver of the embedded system copies the upgrade image file to the institute of the third subregion
It is to start from the third subregion to have stated block and changed the position of os starting；
(f) make the embedded system from the third partition Reboot operation system；
Wherein, the step (a) includes：The upper level applications of the embedded system receive the described of host computer transmission
Upgrade image file is simultaneously stored to first subregion；The upper level applications are by the storage of the upgrade image file
Routing information sends bottom upgrading driver to；And after transmitting the store path information, make the application program
Thread is in blocked state；
Alternatively, the step (a) includes：The upper level applications of the embedded system receive the described of host computer transmission
Upgrade image file is simultaneously stored to first subregion；The upper level applications are by the storage of the upgrade image file
Routing information sends bottom upgrading driver to；And the bottom upgrading driver preserves the store path information simultaneously
It creates bottom upgrading thread and returns to a thread creation Success Flag after creating successfully for terminating the application program
Thread, and the bottom upgrading thread that bottom upgrading driver creates is placed in the current process of operating system and takes turns
It askes to execute firmware upgrade.
2. firmware upgrade method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that before the step (c) further include step：
File write-protect operation is carried out to the application program to be protected in the embedded system, to prevent application file number
According to being written over.
3. firmware upgrade method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that before the step (c) further include step：
The application file to be protected of the embedded system is backed up into the fixed area in first subregion.
4. firmware upgrade method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (e) includes：
The upgrade image file is copied to the good block of the third subregion from first subregion；Or
The upgrade image file is copied to the good block of the third subregion from second subregion.
5. the firmware upgrade method as described in Claims 1-4 any one, which is characterized in that the nonvolatile memory
Also dividing has one the 4th subregion；4th subregion is boot section using the storage area of the boot mirror images as os starting,
The third subregion is the first MIRROR SITE using the main storage area of the kernel mirror image as operating system, and second subregion is second
For MIRROR SITE using the backup area of the kernel mirror image as operating system, first subregion is user area.
6. firmware upgrade method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the nonvolatile memory dodges for NAND type
It deposits.
7. a kind of device for upgrading firmware of embedded system, the embedded system include nonvolatile memory；Its feature exists
In the device for upgrading firmware includes：
Data reception module, for upgrade image file to be obtained and stored using upper level applications to the embedded system
One first subregion of the nonvolatile memory and the store path information for generating the upgrade image file；
Bad Block Management module, for upgrading driver after receiving the store path information to described non-easy using bottom
One second subregion and a third subregion of the property lost memory carry out bad block detection and in second subregion and the third subregion
It is middle to determine a good block respectively；
Upgrade drive module, for believing according to the store path of the upgrade image file using bottom upgrading driver
Breath copies the upgrade image file to the good block of second subregion from first subregion and changes operating system
The position of startup is to start from second subregion, make the embedded system from the second partition Reboot operation system
The upgrade image file is copied to the good block of the third subregion from second subregion afterwards and changes operating system
The position of startup is to start from the third subregion and make the embedded system from the third partition Reboot operation
System；
Wherein, the data reception module is additionally operable to after generating the store path information, makes the thread of the application program
In blocked state；
Alternatively, the upgrading drive module, is additionally operable to preserve the store path information using bottom upgrading driver
And it creates bottom upgrading thread and returns to a thread creation Success Flag after creating successfully and apply journey for end is described
The thread of sequence, and the bottom that bottom upgrading driver creates is upgraded into the current process that thread is placed on operating system
Middle poll is to execute firmware upgrade.
8. device for upgrading firmware as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the nonvolatile memory dodges for NAND type
It deposits, the nonvolatile memory, which also divides, one the 4th subregion；4th subregion is boot section to be opened as operating system
The storage area of dynamic boot mirror images, the third subregion are that the main memory of the first MIRROR SITE using the kernel mirror image as operating system is put
Area, second subregion are the second MIRROR SITE using the backup area of the kernel mirror image as operating system, and first subregion is to use
Family area.
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| CN103678030A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-26 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Multi-system equipment start system and method thereof |
| CN103092662A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-08 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Software module upgrading method for terminal device based on embedded operating system |
| CN104252369A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | 上海博泰悦臻电子设备制造有限公司 | On-board equipment and dual-system backup method and device of on-board equipment |
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