CN104559099A - Polylactic acid-based flax fiber composite material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Polylactic acid-based flax fiber composite material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104559099A CN104559099A CN201510007542.6A CN201510007542A CN104559099A CN 104559099 A CN104559099 A CN 104559099A CN 201510007542 A CN201510007542 A CN 201510007542A CN 104559099 A CN104559099 A CN 104559099A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polylactic acid-based flax fiber composite material and a preparation process of the polylactic acid-based flax fiber composite material. The composite material comprises the components in percent by weight: 80 percent of PLA and 20 percent of flax fibers. The preparation process comprises the following steps: drying PLA particles and short flax fibers by using a drying box; putting the dried raw materials into a bidirectional screw extrusion system to perform hot mixing extrusion according to the components of the composite materials; cooling by a cooling pipeline; pelletizing, drying and performing injection molding, wherein the rotation speed of a screw rod is 150 tr/min, and the total feeding velocity is 4 kg/h or 2 kg/h. Compared with the existing preparation method, a coupling agent is not needed to be added into the materials in a mixing process, so that the cleanness and complete degradability of the composite materials are guaranteed; expensive heat processing equipment is not needed, so that the cost is reduced, and the preparation method is high in efficiency. The polylactic acid-based flax fiber composite material can be applied to massive production, and is wide in application range of the polylactic acid-based flax fiber composite material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that a kind of mechanical property is high, the polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material that mixes and preparation technology thereof.Be specifically related to a kind of energy-conserving and environment-protective, have completely biodegradable, do not rely on the mixture heat expressing technique of high-performance poly lactyl flax fiber of oil, has wide range of applications.
Background technology
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has fully biodegradable as a kind of macromolecular material, and its preparation process is for raw material with reproducible plant resources.Therefore, the development and application of PLA can alleviate the pressure and shortage of resources problem that the conventional polymer material non-degradable that relies on oil causes environment to a certain extent.
But the toughness of poly(lactic acid) is low, high in cost of production shortcoming greatly limit its range of application.
Meanwhile, flax fiber (Linen) is that in vegetable fibre, mechanical property is a kind of preferably, cheap and easy to get and biodegradable with regeneration.Therefore by poly(lactic acid) as basic phase, prepare flax fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA-Linen) matrix material using flax fiber as reinforcement as a kind of method improving material property and reduce costs, be fact proved effectively by great many of experiments.
The development of polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material within initial for some time is comparatively slow, and its reason is that its mixing extrusion is difficult to control, and broken string often, and easily occurs the blocking of fiber.The seminar of SYLVAN once controlled the parameters in extrusion preferably, however obtained compound particles in the injection moulding stage because viscosity is excessive and can not the demoulding smoothly.
In the mixing extrusion of poly(lactic acid) and flax fiber, for controlling in process temperature, the requirement of feeding tolerance range and tooth shape of screw and screw speed is higher, very easily occurs hole, causes that sample fragility is large, defect is many.
, there is following drawback, the first in traditional mixture heat expressing technique, processing step is more and energy loss is large; The second, coupling agent need be used to increase mixture homogeneity, destroy the complete biodegradability of matrix material; 3rd, obtained sample good article rate is low, and defect is many; 4th, in twin-screw system, there is kneading disk device more, very easily cause latch up phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of energy-conserving and environment-protective, stability is high, has the preparation method of the polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material of high Young's modulus, high-tensile and high impact toughness.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is:
A kind of lactyl flax fiber matrix material, composition is as follows: PLA 80%wt, flax fiber 20%wt.
The preparation technology of above-mentioned lactyl flax fiber matrix material, described preparation technology comprises the following steps:
The first step: coarse tow PLA particle and length being not more than to 3mm carries out drying;
Second step: the spout according to composite material compositions proportioning, dried raw material being put into parallel dual-screw extrusion machine, the screw shaft sleeving temperature of parallel dual-screw extrusion machine is set to 12 sections, its each section of temperature is followed successively by 50 DEG C, 100 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 115 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 155 DEG C, 155 DEG C, carry out heat mixing to raw material to extrude, controlling total feed rate is 4kg/h or 2kg/h, and screw speed is 150tr/min;
3rd step: the mixing extrudate of previous step is cut granulation after water cooling, the rotating speed of diced system is 1500tr/min;
In 4th step, cooling is granulated the compound particles obtained dry, injection moulding.
In the first step, drying temperature is not more than 80 DEG C, time of drying 2-4h.
In 4th step, drying temperature is not more than 80 DEG C, time of drying 6-8h.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is: (1) is by accurately controlling the rotating speed of particles of polylactic acid and the rate of feeding of coarse tow, each section of temperature of twin-screw system length direction and twin screw, thus make mixing extrusion stabilization, automatization, mix to obtain, porosity is low, polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material that mechanical property is good.(2) the present invention does not need to add any coupling agent, maintains the complete biodegradability of matrix material.(3) the present invention does not need expensive equipment and complicated processing step, reduces preparation cost.(4) fiber consumption of the present invention is large compared with on going result greatly, also improves the mechanical property of material while reducing costs.(5) extrusion of the present invention is simple, does not use kneading disk, is easy to be applied in actual production.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sample surface scan Electronic Speculum figure in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is sample surface scan Electronic Speculum figure in the embodiment of the present invention 2.。
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) composite material compositions design
Polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material in the present invention, composition is as follows: PLA 80%wt, flax fiber 20%wt.
(2) raw material drying
Particles of polylactic acid and coarse tow are put into loft drier respectively, and drying temperature is 80 DEG C, dry 2h.
(3) preparation mixes, the mixing expressing technique of the polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material of high strength
The preparation of CLEXTRAL-BC21 twin screw extruder is adopted to mix, poly(lactic acid)-flax fiber compound particles that size is unified, concrete preparation method is as follows: the spout according to composite material compositions proportioning, raw material being put into parallel dual-screw extrusion machine, carry out heat mixing to the dried raw material of the first step to extrude, setting total feed rate is 4kg/h, and screw speed is 150tr/min.Setting twin screw length direction each section of temperature is:
To mix extrudate cutting granulation after cooling duct cooling, the rotating speed of diced system is 1500tr/min.
(4) compound particles is dry
Cooling is granulated the dry 6h of the compound particles obtained, drying temperature is 80 DEG C.
(5) injection moulding.
Use the injection moulding machine of Krauss Maffei 50t level, to dried compound particles injection moulding.Its setup parameter is:
As can be seen from Figure 1, fiber size is comparatively large, and illustrate that its palliating degradation degree is low, reinforced effects is good.Stage of extruding total feed rate is 4kg/h, screw speed is that the sample Young's modulus obtained under 150tr/min condition is the highest, and under this background, the statistical average value of each sample is 6091Mpa, higher than pure poly(lactic acid) sample 64%.Maximum value be 6490Mpa higher than pure poly(lactic acid) 75.5%, and the research test result of equidirectional before being better than this problem.Its impelling strength is also best, and the impact fracture energy statistical average value of each sample is 20.3kJ/m
2, higher than pure poly(lactic acid) sample 14%.Maximum value is 20.9kJ/m
2also be better than the research test result of equidirectional before this problem higher than pure poly(lactic acid) 17.8% simultaneously.
Embodiment 2
(1) composite material compositions design
Polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material in the present invention, composition is as follows: PLA 80%wt, flax fiber 20%wt.
(2) raw material drying
Particles of polylactic acid and coarse tow are put into loft drier respectively, and drying temperature is 80 DEG C, dry 2h.
(3) preparation mixes, the mixing expressing technique of the polylactic acid based flax fiber matrix material of high strength
The preparation of CLEXTRAL-BC21 twin screw extruder is adopted to mix, poly(lactic acid)-flax fiber compound particles that size is unified, concrete preparation method is as follows: the spout according to composite material compositions proportioning, raw material being put into parallel dual-screw extrusion machine, carry out heat mixing to the dried raw material of the first step to extrude, setting total feed rate is 2kg/h, and screw speed is 150tr/min.Setting twin screw length direction each section of temperature is:
To mix extrudate cutting granulation after cooling duct cooling, the rotating speed of diced system is 1500tr/min.
(4) compound particles is dry
Cooling is granulated the dry 6h of the compound particles obtained, drying temperature is 80 DEG C.
(5) injection moulding.
Use the injection moulding machine of Krauss Maffei 50t level, to dried compound particles injection moulding.Its setup parameter is:
As can be seen from Figure 2, although fiber size is little compared with Fig. 1, therefore its porosity, lower than sample prepared in embodiment 1, has also surmounted embodiment 1 in tensile strength.
Total feed rate be 2kg/h, the sample tensile strength obtained under being 150tr/min condition of screw speed is the highest, under this background, the statistical average value of each sample is 63.3Mpa, higher than pure poly(lactic acid) sample 33.2%.Maximum value be 64.6Mpa higher than pure poly(lactic acid) 36%, and be better than existing research test result.
Claims (7)
1. a lactyl flax fiber matrix material, is characterized in that, is calculated in mass percent, and described matrix material is composed of the following components: PLA 80%, flax fiber 20%.
2. lactyl flax fiber matrix material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described matrix material is prepared by following steps:
The first step: coarse tow PLA particle and length being not more than to 3mm carries out drying;
Second step: the spout according to composite material compositions proportioning, dried raw material being put into parallel dual-screw extrusion machine, the screw shaft sleeving temperature of parallel dual-screw extrusion machine is set to 12 sections, its each section of temperature is followed successively by 50 DEG C, 100 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 115 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 155 DEG C, 155 DEG C, carry out heat mixing to raw material to extrude, controlling total feed rate is 4kg/h or 2kg/h, and screw speed is 150tr/min;
3rd step: the mixing extrudate of previous step is cut granulation after water cooling, the rotating speed of diced system is 1500tr/min;
In 4th step, cooling is granulated the compound particles obtained dry, injection moulding.
3. lactyl flax fiber matrix material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the first step, drying temperature is not more than 80 DEG C, time of drying 2-4h.
4. lactyl flax fiber matrix material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the 4th step, drying temperature is not more than 80 DEG C, time of drying 6-8h.
5. a preparation technology for lactyl flax fiber matrix material, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The first step: coarse tow PLA particle and length being not more than to 3mm carries out drying;
Second step: the spout according to composite material compositions proportioning, dried raw material being put into parallel dual-screw extrusion machine, the screw shaft sleeving temperature of parallel dual-screw extrusion machine is set to 12 sections, its each section of temperature is followed successively by 50 DEG C, 100 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 115 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 155 DEG C, 155 DEG C, carry out heat mixing to raw material to extrude, controlling total feed rate is 4kg/h or 2kg/h, and screw speed is 150tr/min;
3rd step: the mixing extrudate of previous step is cut granulation after water cooling, the rotating speed of diced system is 1500tr/min;
In 4th step, cooling is granulated the compound particles obtained dry, injection moulding.
6. the preparation technology of lactyl flax fiber matrix material as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the first step, drying temperature is not more than 80 DEG C, time of drying 2-4h.
7. the preparation technology of lactyl flax fiber matrix material as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the 4th step, drying temperature is not more than 80 DEG C, time of drying 6-8h.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016009794A1 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Fabian Schütz | Constructive hybrid laser composite made of bamboo or flax |
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| JP2005089535A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Agri Future Joetsu Co Ltd | Composite resin composition and method for producing the same |
| CN101003667A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-25 | 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 | Composite material of poly lactic acid / natural faric, and production method |
| CN101200579A (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2008-06-18 | 同济大学 | Natural fibre reinforced polylactic acid composite material and method for making same |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005089535A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Agri Future Joetsu Co Ltd | Composite resin composition and method for producing the same |
| CN101003667A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-25 | 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 | Composite material of poly lactic acid / natural faric, and production method |
| CN101200579A (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2008-06-18 | 同济大学 | Natural fibre reinforced polylactic acid composite material and method for making same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 厉国清: "亚麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的制备与性能研究", 《中国优秀硕士论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016009794A1 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Fabian Schütz | Constructive hybrid laser composite made of bamboo or flax |
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