CN104558475A - 一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材,其中改性多元醇是利用碳纤维与碳酸(氢)镁对泡沫体进行协同改性增强,利用可膨胀石墨与反应性含磷阻燃分散剂对聚氨酯泡沫进行协同阻燃;并且本发明涉及一种可输送计量上述改性多元醇的发泡装置,与多异氰酸酯、催化剂、硅油、发泡剂混合,浇注于铝箔或者水泥玻纤布上,层压机压制成型。本发明所得泡沫板材具有密度低(25~35kg/m3)、强度高、阻燃抑烟的特点,利用本发明所述计量输送装置可实现该泡沫板材的工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及3个技术领域:1、涉及一种多元醇,特别是一种阻燃、增强型多元醇;2、涉及一种计量输送装置,特别是一种可输送计量含有纤维、颗粒物质的多元醇的装置;3、涉及一种泡沫板材,特别是一种利用改性多元醇与上述计量输送装置制备的泡沫板材。
背景技术
目前我国对建筑保温材料防火安全标准要求较高,聚氨酯保温材料较易燃烧,通过添加有机含磷含卤阻燃剂能有效改善材料的防火性能,但因其价格高昂,添加量大时对材料本身起增塑作用并产生一定程度的收缩变形,所以对于难燃或者不燃型聚氨酯材料,磷酸酯类阻燃剂不是最佳选择;可膨胀石墨因其环境友好阻燃效率高、价格低廉而受到越来越多的关注,中国专利CN 1724577A公开了可膨胀石墨填充高密度硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法,该专利是将聚醚多元醇、催化剂、硅油、水、膨胀石墨按照一定比例机械搅拌混合均匀,在与异氰酸酯充分混合,浇注模具,熟化后,得到制品。利用该方法制备的聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有阻燃效果好,环保的优点,但该方法的不足在于:1)聚醚多元醇与可膨胀石墨混合后,无分散剂存在下,长期放置会产生沉降分层;2)该方法不能形成大规模工业化生产;3)原料浪费严重。
为克服上述缺陷,中国专利CN102675851A公开一种膨胀石墨液态阻燃剂及阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备方法,该专利是将可膨胀石墨与多元醇、磷酸酯类阻燃剂、分散润湿等助剂预先混合,再与多异氰酸酯、催化剂、发泡剂混合,模制发泡而成。利用该方法制备的阻燃剂长期放置不易分层,可实现箱式发泡规模化生产;原料利用高效;阻燃效果好,环保等优点;但该方法的局限性是:1)仅适用于箱式泡沫的生产,不适合连续化板材的生产;2)高密度(50kg/m3以上)情况下,力学性能好,但成本较高,低密度(45kg/m3以下)情况下,成本低,但力学性能较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于1、提供一种阻燃、环保的多元醇,同时碳纤维与碳酸盐的存在使得聚氨酯泡沫在低密度情况下,力学性能优异;
2、提供一种计量、输送无机改性多元醇的发泡装备,即可用于箱式发泡,也可用于连续式板材的工业化生产;
3、提供一种利用改性多元醇与上述发泡装备生产的低密度、难燃型聚氨酯泡沫板材。具体内容是:
所述改性多元醇是由20%~70%聚醚(酯)多元醇、5%~20%碳纤维、10%~40%可膨胀石墨、5%~40%反应性阻燃分散剂、5%~30%碳酸盐混合而成黑色膏状物质;
1)所述碳纤维的长径比L/D≤170;
2)所述可膨胀石墨的PH值介于6.5~8.5之间;
3)所述反应性阻燃分散剂是含有羟基或者氨基结构的含磷化合物,包含聚乙二醇磷酸酯、聚丙二醇亚磷酸酯与双(4-氨基苯基)苯基氧化磷;
4)所诉碳酸盐为碳酸镁、碳酸氢镁或是二者的混合物。
所述的改性多元醇是利用下述装置进行计量与输送的:装置是由单项异步电机(1)、双螺旋搅拌桨(2)、加热(冷却)循环夹套(3)、转子泵或者离心泵(4)、不锈钢球阀(5)、钢质储料罐(6)、耐压橡胶管(7)、卡套式管接头(8)连接而成;
1)所述转子泵的转子可以是三叶型转子、单叶型转子也可以是蝴蝶型转子;
2)所述离心泵为悬臂式单级单吸离心泵。
所述泡沫板材制备方法包含以下步骤:
1)将聚醚(酯)多元醇、催化剂、硅油、发泡剂按照25~50∶1~3∶1~3∶10~20比例混合均匀后记为A;将改性多元醇记为B;将异氰酸酯记为C;按照A∶B∶C=1∶1~3∶2~8的比例混合;
2)利用聚氨酯发泡机计量A、C,权利要求2所述装置计量B,将A、B、C混合浇注于铝箔或者水泥玻纤布上,层压机压制成型。
本发明的优势在于:
1、密度低,本发明所涉及的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的密度大幅度降低,由传统的50kg/m3降至25~35kg/m3,每立方成本可降低近一半,为聚氨酯泡沫板材进一步推广应用奠定价格基础;
2、强度高,本发明利用碳纤维,碳酸(氢)镁作为增强剂,且两者具有协同增强作用,能有效提高泡沫材料的力学性能及热稳定性能;
3、阻燃、低烟,本发明泡沫中添加有PH值介于6.5~8.5的可膨胀石墨,不仅与原料相容性好,而且与反应性含磷阻燃分散剂产生协同阻燃、抑烟作用,所得泡沫板材难燃甚至不燃。
附图说明:
图1为本发明一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的部分实物图片;
图中标号说明:1-单项异步电机、2-双螺旋搅拌桨、3-加热(冷却)循环夹套、4-转子泵或者离心泵、5-不锈钢球阀、6-钢质储料罐、7-耐压橡胶管、8-卡套式管接头。
具体实施方式
结合附图,对本发明做进一步描述。
本发明涉及一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材。
所述改性多元醇是由30%聚醚多元醇、10%碳纤维、25%可膨胀石墨、20%反应性阻燃分散剂、15%碳酸盐混合而成黑色膏状物质;
1)所述碳纤维的长径比L/D=140;
2)所述可膨胀石墨的PH值为7.0;
3)所述反应性阻燃分散剂是聚乙二醇磷酸酯;
4)所诉碳酸盐为碳酸镁。
所述的改性多元醇是利用下述装置进行计量与输送的:装置是由单项异步电机(1)、双螺旋搅拌桨(2)、加热(冷却)循环夹套(3)、转子泵(4)、不锈钢球阀(5)、钢质储料罐(6)、耐压橡胶管(7)、卡套式管接头(8)连接而成;
1)所述转子泵的转子是三叶型转子。
所述泡沫板材制备方法包含以下步骤:
1)将聚醚(酯)多元醇、催化剂、硅油、发泡剂按照35∶2∶3∶20比例混合均匀后记为A;将改性多元醇记为B;将异氰酸酯记为C;按照A∶B∶C=1∶2∶5的比例混合;
2)利用聚氨酯发泡机计量A、C,权利要求2所述装置计量B,将A、B、C混合浇注于铝箔或者水泥玻纤布上,层压机压制成型。
本发明主要应用于建筑节能保温,所得泡沫材料具有低密度高强度的特点,本发明提供了一种改性多元醇和可输送计量该多元醇的发泡装置,使该泡沫板材工业化生产得以实现。
Claims (3)
1.一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材,其特征在于:所述改性多元醇是由20%~70%聚醚(酯)多元醇、5%~20%碳纤维、10%~40%可膨胀石墨、5%~40%反应性阻燃分散剂、5%~30%碳酸盐混合而成黑色膏状物质;
1)所述碳纤维的长径比L/D≤170;
2)所述可膨胀石墨的PH值介于6.5~8.5之间;
3)所述反应性阻燃分散剂是含有羟基或者氨基结构的含磷化合物,包含聚乙二醇磷酸酯、聚丙二醇亚磷酸酯与双(4-氨基苯基)苯基氧化磷;
4)所诉碳酸盐为碳酸镁、碳酸氢镁或是二者的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材,其特征在于所述的改性多元醇是利用下述装置进行计量与输送的:装置是由单项异步电机(1)、双螺旋搅拌桨(2)、加热(冷却)循环夹套(3)、转子泵或者离心泵(4)、不锈钢球阀(5)、钢质储料罐(6)、耐压橡胶管(7)、卡套式管接头(8)连接而成;
1)所述转子泵的转子可以是三叶型转子、单叶型转子也可以是蝴蝶型转子;
2)所述离心泵为悬臂式单级单吸离心泵。
3.根据权利要求1与权利要求2所述的一种改性多元醇及其计量输送装置和泡沫板材,其特征在于,所述泡沫板材制备方法包含以下步骤:
1)将聚醚(酯)多元醇、催化剂、硅油、发泡剂按照25~50∶1~3∶1~3∶10~20比例混合均匀后记为A;将改性多元醇记为B;将异氰酸酯记为C;按照A∶B∶C=1∶1~3∶2~8的比例混合;
2)利用聚氨酯发泡机计量A、C,权利要求2所述装置计量B,将A、B、C混合浇注于铝箔或者水泥玻纤布上,层压机压制成型。
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CN111729599A (zh) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-10-02 | 苏州德亨节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种彩钢保温板生产线上芯材原料中添加膨胀石墨的工艺 |
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CN111729599B (zh) * | 2020-07-04 | 2022-04-22 | 苏州德亨节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种彩钢保温板生产线上芯材原料中添加膨胀石墨的工艺 |
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