The welding method and its product of dissimilar metal and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding field.
Background technology
In welding field, for being welded to connect to generally require and use solder between two kinds of different metals, this is due to
Caused by the physical property difference of dissimilar metal in itself.Such as copper and iron, the fusing point of copper is 1000 DEG C or so, and the fusing point of iron is 1500
DEG C or so.
Current copper and iron is welded generally by silver solder gas brazing.During using gas brazing, copper material and iron material do not melt
Melt, carry out heating melting to silver solder to fill the gap between copper material and iron material and ooze mutually with copper material and iron material by flame
Thoroughly, the copper atom formed in solder is permeated to form partial solid solution to copper side and iron side simultaneously, and copper material and iron material are welded after cooling
It is connected together.Welding temperature is higher than solder fusion temperature during the welding, and less than the melting temperature of copper and iron.But, this weldering
It is connected to substantial amounts of CO2Produce, not environmentally, and due to adding solder, material cost is increased.
To solve the above problems, someone combines to form solid solution using both copper material and iron material directly are heated into melting
With the mixture of mutual solution, solid solution capacity 3%-11%, Fe solid solution capacities among Cus of the Cu in Fe is below 4.5%, the knot of formation
Crystal intensity really it is very high, but due to after long-time Fe can from Cu solid solution in separate out, with micro-crack tendency, fragility
It is larger, so generally requiring to add third party's metal, solid solution can be formed with the copper material and iron material, so as to greatly reduce crisp
Property, improve fatigue resistance.Moreover, being divided using both copper material and iron material directly are heated into melting, it is necessary to carry out accurate heat
Match somebody with somebody, the requirement of welding procedure is higher, burn-off phenomenon easily occurs.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of welding method of dissimilar metal, it is ensureing certain
The fragility of product is reduced on the premise of weld strength, the mechanical property of welding bead is improved, and welding procedure is simple and easy to apply.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:A kind of welding method of dissimilar metal, including high-melting-point material to be welded
Material and low melting material, it is characterised in that:Described materials with high melting point and low melting material, which are mutually overlapped or are socketed, forms weld seam,
Welded using electric arc, electron beam welding, laser welding or ratio-frequency welding, welding temperature is less than materials with high melting point melting temperature and is higher than
Low melting material melting temperature, low melting material melting seals weld seam as solder, and the weld width L formed after cooling >=
1.5mm。
Described materials with high melting point and low melting material are sheet material, mutually overlap and form weld seam, and lap width >=
1.5mm;Or, materials with high melting point and low melting material are tubing, and low melting material is socketed on outside materials with high melting point and forms weldering
Seam, and socket depth >=1.5mm.
The edge melting of described low melting material position to be welded is cooled into inclined-plane, bevel altitude h >=low melting point
The thickness t of material position to be welded, weld width L >=h.
Described commissure is provided with third party's metal, and third party's metal melts to be formed with low melting material during welding mixes
Thing.
Described materials with high melting point is iron or stainless steel, and low melting material is copper or copper alloy.
During the welding, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are sheet material, low melting material is overlapped in materials with high melting point
After top, overlap joint horizontal positioned or the direction by low melting material to materials with high melting point make plate plane tilt upward and with level
The angle α of line is 0 ° of < α≤90 °, when arc welding, electron beam welding or Laser Welding, behind the axis of torch neck and overlap joint
The angle β of materials with high melting point plane is 5 °~90 °;During the welding, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are tubing, eutectic
Point material is socketed on outside materials with high melting point, tubing horizontal positioned or the side by low melting material to materials with high melting point after socket
To tilting upward tubing and axis and horizontal angle are that α is 0 ° of < α≤90 °, when arc welding, electron beam welding or swash
During flush weld, the angle theta of materials with high melting point axis is 5 °~90 ° behind the axis of torch neck and socket.
When described arc welding, electron beam welding or Laser Welding, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are sheet material, welding gun
Relatively moved with weld seam, pointwise melts to form welding bead;Or, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are tubing, using one
When welding gun is welded, welding gun is more than 360 ° with weld seam relative movement, and pointwise melts to form welding bead;Or, when materials with high melting point and low
Melting material is tubing, when welding gun being welded using n, every that welding gun and weld seam relative movement are more than 360 °/n.
During described welding, the opposite side relative to heat side of weld seam has protective atmosphere or protection of reducing atmosphere;Or,
The heat side of weld seam and relative opposite side have protective atmosphere or protection of reducing atmosphere.
Dissimilar metal plate or different kinds of metal tubes as made from the above method.
Described dissimilar metal plate or different kinds of metal tubes are applied to the preparation of air conditioner, compressor, stop valve or reversal valve.
The present invention is entered using welding procedures such as electric arc welding, electron beam welding, laser welding or ratio-frequency weldings to dissimilar metal
Row welding, directly using the low melting material of melting as solder seal-weld and forms the welding bead of one fixed width, makes the low of melting
Melting material interpenetrates to form solid solution in certain areal extent with materials with high melting point, due to the temperature of iron in welding process
Relatively low, atomic motion power is small, and copper is melted and to form liquid, and atomic motion power is big, and the copper of high temperature permeates to the iron of low temperature, so that
Control infiltration capacity of the refractory metal to low-melting-point metal, the generation of micro-crack avoided as far as possible, though now certain point
Bond strength is more slightly lower than the intensity that both congruent meltings form mixed crystal, but bulk strength is still sufficient for use requirement, Er Qiegeng
It is important that welding bead fragility declines, mechanical property is improved, not high to welding process requirement when welding in addition, more easy to control.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile of the product of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the production principle schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the profile of the product of embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the production principle schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention 2.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of welding method of dissimilar metal, including materials with high melting point and low melting material to be welded.
Materials with high melting point and low melting material, which are mutually overlapped or are socketed, forms weld seam (i.e. materials with high melting point and low melting material
Overlapping region).For example, materials with high melting point and low melting material are sheet material, it mutually can overlap to form weld seam, preferably, take
Meet width >=1.5mm;Or, materials with high melting point and low melting material are tubing, then low melting material should be socketed on high-melting-point material
Material is outer to form weld seam, preferably, is socketed depth >=1.5mm.High-melting-point relatively conventional in the dissimilar metal of welding is needed at present
Material is iron or stainless steel, and low melting material is copper or copper alloy.
Welding can not use flame welding, should using electric arc welding (be, for example, argon arc welding, plasma weldering or quasi- ion weldering etc.),
Electron beam welding, laser welding or ratio-frequency welding, welding temperature are less than materials with high melting point melting temperature and molten higher than low melting material
Melt temperature, low melting material melting seals weld seam as solder, the weld width >=1.5mm formed after cooling, so as to weld
Form the part for including dissimilar metal.An inclined-plane can be formed after the edge melting of low melting material position to be welded is cooled down,
It is preferred that, the thickness t of bevel altitude h >=low melting material position to be welded, weld width L >=h.When low melting material melting
And weld width L will be greater than h when filling weld seam.
In order to improve the intensity and mechanical property of welding bead, also (can for example it adhere to provided with third party's metal such as nickel in commissure
There is the third metal level, the third metal level is located on low melting material;Or, welding uses solder).The 3rd during welding
Person's metal melts to form mixture with low melting material, permeates to form solid solution to materials with high melting point jointly.
It is preferred that, in welding process, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are sheet material, low melting material is overlapped in
Above materials with high melting point, it can be welded after overlap joint with horizontal positioned, or, by the direction of low melting material to materials with high melting point
Plate plane is set to tilt upward and be placed with horizontal angle α for 0 ° of < α≤90 °;When using arc welding, electron beam welding or
When Laser Welding etc. has the welding procedure of welding gun, the angle β of materials with high melting point plane is 5 ° behind the axis of torch neck and overlap joint
~90 °.It is preferred that, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are tubing, low melting material is socketed on outside materials with high melting point,
Tubing can be welded with horizontal positioned after socket, or, tilt tubing by the direction of low melting material to materials with high melting point
Upward and axis is that α is 0 ° of < α≤90 ° placement with horizontal angle;When using arc welding, electron beam welding or Laser Welding
Etc. the welding procedure for having welding gun when, behind the axis of torch neck and socket the angle theta of materials with high melting point axis for 5 °~
90°.The above, which is set, can melt as solder in favor of low melting material further to that will be filled in weld seam, make sealing effectiveness
More preferably.
During using arc welding, electron beam welding or Laser Welding, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are sheet material, welding gun with
Weld seam is relatively moved, and pointwise melts to form welding bead;Or, when materials with high melting point and low melting material are tubing, using a weldering
When rifle is welded, welding gun is more than 360 ° with weld seam relative movement, and pointwise melts to form welding bead;Or, when materials with high melting point and eutectic
Point material is tubing, when welding gun being welded using n, every that welding gun and weld seam relative movement are more than 360 °/n.When welding gun is directed at low
During some point heating of melting material position to be welded, waste heat also raises materials with high melting point temperature simultaneously, and the vicinity of the point
Then because the effect of heat transfer is in molten condition.The relative movement of welding gun and weld seam (is translation during sheet material, is to turn during tubing
It is dynamic), can be that welding gun movement weld seam fixes dynamic, can also welding gun is fixed and weld movement.
For prevent welding hot environment in be oxidized, it is preferred that welding when, weld seam it is another relative to heat side
There are protective atmosphere or protection of reducing atmosphere in side;Or, the heat side of weld seam and relative opposite side have protective atmosphere or reduction
Atmosphere protection.
Dissimilar metal plate or different kinds of metal tubes as made from the above method.Obtained dissimilar metal plate or different kinds of metal tubes can
With the preparation applied to air conditioner or compressor, for example, it can be used for the blast pipe of compressor, air suction inner pipe, air suction outer tube, storage
Liquid device air inlet pipe or reservoir escape pipe, or air conditioner pipe arrangement, muffler pipe, connecting tube, reversal valve pipe, expansion valve pipe, oil
Separator or vapour separator, or stop valve, or reversal valve etc..
The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the present invention is not limited thereto specific examples.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present embodiment is adopted as copper pipe 1 and iron pipe 2, and copper pipe 1 is socketed on the outer formation weld seam of iron pipe 2.
The pipe thickness t of copper pipe 1 is 1mm, and iron pipe wall thickness is 0.8mm.Both socket depth >=1.5mm.Copper pipe 1 is socketed on after iron pipe 2 single
Side gap is 0-0.4mm, because the coefficient of expansion of copper is big compared with iron, even if therefore unilateral gap is 0, once heating copper tube 1 expands
Afterwards still can be with gap of the outer wall of iron pipe 2 formation more than 0.
Welding uses argon arc welding, and welding temperature is welded in the present embodiment less than iron melting temperature and higher than copper melting temperature
Jointing temp is about 1200 DEG C.The edge melting of the position to be welded of copper pipe 2 seals weld seam as solder, and one is formed after cooling tiltedly
Face, bevel altitude h >=1mm ≈ 1.2mm, while the copper part of melting also fills up in weld seam and (is filled into the copper pipe not melted
In gap between iron pipe), the weld width L >=1.5mm formed after cooling includes copper pipe 1 and iron pipe 2 so as to weld and be made
Different kinds of metal tubes.
In the present embodiment, during welding, the copper pipe 1 connected and the slant setting of iron pipe 2 will have been covered, weld seam opening upwards incline
Tiltedly, copper pipe axis and horizontal angle α are 10 °, and copper pipe 1 is located at lower section, axis and the axis of iron pipe 2 of the nozzle of welding gun 3
Angle theta be 70 °, so set and be beneficial to copper and extend the welding bead to form one fixed width upwards as solder so that weld seam be sealed.
Welding gun is placed on the outside of copper pipe during welding and offsets the 0.5mm starting the arc, copper pipe and iron pipe synchronous axial system to copper side since commissure,
Welding gun is motionless, and pointwise melts to form welding bead, and rotational angle is more than 360 ° so that welding starting point and welding terminal are overlapped and prevented
Leakage envelope.During welding, nitrogen formation protective atmosphere, anti-oxidation are passed through inside copper pipe and iron pipe.
Contrast test is shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the present embodiment is adopted as copper coin 4 and stainless steel plate 5, and the edge of copper coin 4 and stainless steel plate 5 are to be welded
The overlapping edges connect.The thickness t of copper coin 4 is 3mm, and the thickness of stainless steel plate 5 is 2mm.Both search speed >=1.5mm.
Welding uses argon arc welding, and welding temperature is welded in the present embodiment less than iron melting temperature and higher than copper melting temperature
Jointing temp is about 1200 DEG C.The edge melting of the position to be welded of copper coin 4 seals weld seam as solder, and a band is formed after cooling
The round and smooth inclined-plane of certain radian, bevel altitude h=3mm, while the copper part of melting is also filled up in weld seam, is formed after cooling
Weld width > 3mm, the dissimilar metal plate comprising copper coin 4 and stainless steel plate 5 is made so as to weld.
In the present embodiment, during welding, by the copper coin 4 overlapped and the slant setting of stainless steel plate 5, weld seam opening upwards incline
Tiltedly, the plane of stainless steel plate 5 and horizontal angle α are 10 °, and copper coin is located at lower section, the axis of the nozzle of welding gun 3 and stainless steel plate
The angle β of 5 planes is 35 °.During welding, copper coin 4 and stainless steel plate 5 are fixed, and welding gun 3 melts shape along weld movement, pointwise
Into welding bead.During welding, the positive and negative of copper coin 4 and stainless steel plate 5 is passed through argon gas formation protective atmosphere, anti-oxidation.
Embodiment 3
Use nickel content for more than 8% Nickel Matrix Solder during welding, make nickel solder and copper melt to form mixture, jointly to
Iron permeates to form solid solution.
The other the same as in Example 1.