CN104549400A - Visible light response type TiO2 nanotube array, as well as preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Visible light response type TiO2 nanotube array, as well as preparation method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104549400A CN104549400A CN201310502516.1A CN201310502516A CN104549400A CN 104549400 A CN104549400 A CN 104549400A CN 201310502516 A CN201310502516 A CN 201310502516A CN 104549400 A CN104549400 A CN 104549400A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a visible light response type TiO2 nanotube array, as well as a preparation method and applications thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an amorphous TiO2 nanotube array and placing the amorphous TiO2 nanotube array into ammonia water and soaking, then calcinating at a high temperature for crystallization formation, and preparing an N-TiO2 nanotube array; mixing the N-TiO2 nanotube array with a ferrous sulfate solution, then dropwise adding a potassium borohydride solution under the protection of nitrogen, and preparing nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)-loaded N-TiO2(nZVI/N-TiO2) nanotube array. The method is simple in technology, low and easily available in raw materials, and low in cost, the separation rate of photogenerated charge of the TiO2 nanotube array can be improved effectively, the band gap width of TiO2 can be narrowed, so that the photo-catalytic efficiency of the TiO2 nanotube array under ultraviolet irradiation can be improved, the absorption range of visible light can be broadened, and the TiO2 nanotube array can be widely used in the field of degrading toxic and harmful pollutants, purifying sewage and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photocatalyst material and water treatment and purification techniques field, relate to a kind of preparation method of efficient context function nano material, refer to a kind of visible-light response type TiO especially
2nano-tube array and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Along with expanding economy, water pollutions situation is serious all the more, photocatalysis technology is the wastewater processing technology that development in recent years is got up, under illumination effect, the free radical with Strong oxdiative ability is produced through a series of reaction in solution, by organic pollutant exhaustive oxidation mineralising, and by some heavy metal ion redox, can not only can reach the object turned waste into wealth.Conductor photocatalysis not only has that the unrivaled speed of biological degradation is fast, non-selectivity, the degraded advantage such as completely, again inexpensive, nontoxic, can obviously be better than traditional chemical oxidation method in life-time service etc., thus enjoy the concern of people.In numerous conductor photocatalysis material, TiO
2have and have inexpensive, biological nontoxic and stronger photochemical catalytic oxidation ability and be widely used in wastewater treatment.
At numerous TiO
2in material, TiO
2although powder has good catalytic activity, not only there is catalyst recovery difficulty, need power to stir shortcomings such as maintaining suspension, cost is high, active ingredient loss is large, also may cause secondary pollution, be difficult to realize industrialization.TiO
2although membrana granulosa can not produce secondary pollution, but owing to which reducing specific surface area, cause reducing with the active area of light, thus reduce catalytic activity, but also there is rete and substrate combinating strength is low, easy to crack and body material acid-proof alkaline difference etc. problem, be also unfavorable for industrial application.And with the TiO that Ti sheet is prepared for substrate
2nano-tube array, have specific surface area large, aperture is adjustable, structurally ordered, is combined firmly, difficult drop-off, also can not produces secondary pollution with matrix.But TiO
2the energy gap of nano-tube array is wider, and the shortcoming that the utilization ratio of sunlight is low and quantum yield is low also limit its practical application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome pure TiO
2the wider shortcoming low with photogenerated charge separation rate of nano-tube array energy gap, and provide a kind of and improve its photocatalysis efficiency under UV-irradiation and widen its visible-light response type TiO at the absorption region of visible ray
2nano-tube array (nZVI/N-TiO
2) and preparation method thereof with application.The method has that technique is simple, easy to operate, cost is low, recovery is convenient, can not produce secondary pollution, the advantage such as can to reuse.
A kind of visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array, is characterized in that being obtained by following methods:
1) by smooth for Ti sheet surface finish, clean up for subsequent use;
2) under volts DS 20-60V, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, and in the electrolytic solution, anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2nano-tube array, oxidization time is 1-6h; Electrolytic solution used is the ethylene glycol solution of fluorinated ammonium and deionized water;
3) by the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in ammoniacal liquor and makes N-TiO
2nano-tube array, is then placed in retort furnace and calcines, and calcining temperature is 300-600 ° of C, and calcination time is 1-4h, makes its crystallization forming;
4) by the N-TiO of step 3) gained crystallization forming
2nano-tube array is placed in FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution, KBH
4with FeSO
47H
2the mol ratio of O is greater than 2:1, can obtain visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array (nZVI/N-TiO
2nano-tube array).
A kind of visible-light response type TiO
2the preparation method of nano-tube array comprises the steps:
1) by smooth for Ti sheet surface finish, clean up for subsequent use;
2) at a dc voltage, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, and in the electrolytic solution, anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2nano-tube array; Electrolytic solution used is the ethylene glycol solution of fluorinated ammonium and deionized water;
3) by the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in ammoniacal liquor the TiO preparing doping N
2(N-TiO
2) nano-tube array, be then placed in retort furnace and calcine, calcining temperature is 300-600 ° of C, and calcination time is 1-4h, makes its crystallization forming;
4) by the N-TiO of step 3) crystallization forming
2nano-tube array is placed in FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution, obtains the N-TiO of loaded with nano Zero-valent Iron (nZVI)
2(nZVI/N-TiO
2) nano-tube array, i.e. visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array, wherein KBH
4with FeSO
47H
2the mol ratio of O is greater than 2:1.
Described anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2the volts DS of nanotube is 20-60V, preferred 40V.
Described anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2the oxidization time of nanotube is 1-6h, preferred 3h.
Described anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2the electrolytic solution of nanotube is the ethylene glycol solution of fluorinated ammonium and deionized water, wherein adds 0.1-2g Neutral ammonium fluoride, 1-10mL deionized water (namely Neutral ammonium fluoride concentration is 0.1-2wt %, and deionized water concentration is 1-10vol %) in every 100mL ethylene glycol.Preferably add 0.3g Neutral ammonium fluoride, 2mL deionized water in every 100mL ethylene glycol.
Described ammonia concn is 0.5-4M, preferred 1M; Soak time is 5-15h, preferred 10h.
Described N-TiO
2nanotube calcining temperature is 300-600 ° of C, preferably 450 ° of C; Calcination time is 1-4h, preferred 2h.
Described FeSO
47H
2the concentration of the O aqueous solution is 0.02-2M, preferred 0.2M; KBH
4the concentration of solution is 0.06-6M, preferred 0.6M.
The efficient visible light response type TiO that above-mentioned any one preparation method prepares
2the application of nano-tube array on photocatalytic degradation hazardous contaminant.
Described degraded hazardous contaminant comprises dyestuff such as degraded tropeolin-D, methylene blue etc., also has medicine, tensio-active agent, agricultural chemicals, the halogenated aryl hydrocarbons etc. such as tetracycline hydrochloride.
Mechanism of the present invention and the advantage had as follows:
The present invention utilizes anonizing, prepares unformed TiO
2nano-tube array, then by pickling process, N is doped into TiO
2lattice in, be converted into by high-temperature calcination the N-TiO that crystal formation is good, photoelectric properties are good
2nano-tube array, has narrower band gap width and stronger adsorptive power, then by nZVI in simple chemical reduction method load, reduces the recombination probability in light induced electron and hole, thus improve the concentration of hydroxyl radical free radical in light reaction procedure.Through the TiO that nano zero valence iron, nitrogen are modified
2nano-tube array, effectively widens its absorption region at visible ray, and improves the efficiency of its opto-electronic conversion, at photocatalytic degradation hazardous contaminant as in the research of phenol, show photocatalysis performance well.The invention provides a kind of visible-light response type TiO
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, has that technique is simple, easy to operate, cost is low, recovery is convenient, can not produce the advantages such as secondary pollution, improves utilization ratio and the quantum yield of sun power, obtained visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array is in the degraded of hazardous contaminant, and the fields such as sewage purification have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is nZVI/N-TiO in embodiment 1
2the scanning electron microscope diagram of nano-tube array.
Fig. 2 is nZVI/N-TiO in embodiment 1
2the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy figure of nano-tube array.
Fig. 3 is nZVI/N-TiO in embodiment 2
2the scanning electron microscope diagram of nano-tube array.
Fig. 4 is phenol surplus ratio-time history in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is phenol surplus ratio-time history in embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
embodiment 1a kind of efficient visible light response type TiO
2the preparation of nano-tube array
By Ti sheet (2cm × 2cm, 99.997%) abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, until surface cleaning is smooth, then immerse strong acid mixing solutions (HF:HNO
3: H
2o=1:4:5 volume ratio) in carry out chemical rightenning 30s, use acetone soln, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning 10min subsequently respectively.Ti sheet after process is placed in air dry oven, dries in 80 ° of C, for subsequent use.
Under 40V volts DS, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, (namely 0.3g Neutral ammonium fluoride is added in every 100mL ethylene glycol in the electrolytic solution of the ethylene glycol containing 0.3wt % Neutral ammonium fluoride, 2vol % deionized water, the electrolytic solution that 2mL deionized water prepares), anodic oxidation Ti sheet 3h prepares unformed TiO
2nano-tube array.
By the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in 10h in 1M ammoniacal liquor, makes the TiO of doping N
2nano-tube array and N-TiO
2nano-tube array, is then placed in retort furnace calcining at constant temperature 2h under 450 ° of C, makes its crystallization forming.
By the N-TiO of gained crystallization forming
2nano-tube array is placed in 100mL 0.2M FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add 100mL 0.6M KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution (each drop volume is 1/20mL), can obtain nZVI/N-TiO
2nano-tube array.
Use sem observation nZVI/N-TiO
2the pattern of nano-tube array.As shown in Figure 1, the nanotube obtained in order to upper method is glittering and translucent, the separate arrangement of every root nanotube.Its caliber is about 80nm, and pipe range is about 8 μm.Nano zero valence iron uniform particles ground distributes on the nanotube, sphere diameter average out to 75nm.NZVI/N-TiO is analyzed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
2the chemical element composition of nano-tube array and valence state thereof.As shown in Figure 2, this nanotube is made up of Ti, O, N, Fe, and Ti mainly exists with+4, and O is mainly with O
2-form exists, and N is mainly with NO
xexist, for Fe2p, show Fe at the peak of 707.0eV and 720.1eV
0existence, nZVI/N-TiO is described
2nano-tube array is successfully prepared.
embodiment 2a kind of efficient visible light response type TiO
2the preparation of nano-tube array
By Ti sheet (2cm × 2cm, 99.997%) abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, until surface cleaning is smooth, then immerse strong acid mixing solutions (HF:HNO
3: H
2o=1:4:5 volume ratio) in carry out chemical rightenning 30s, use acetone soln, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning 10min subsequently respectively.Ti sheet after process is placed in air dry oven, dries in 80 ° of C, for subsequent use.
Under 60V volts DS, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, and in the ethylene glycol electrolytic solution containing 2wt % Neutral ammonium fluoride, 10vol % deionized water, anodic oxidation Ti sheet 6h prepares unformed TiO
2nano-tube array.
By the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in 15h in 4M ammoniacal liquor, makes the TiO of doping N
2nano-tube array, is then placed in retort furnace calcining at constant temperature 4h under 600 ° of C, makes its crystallization forming.
By the N-TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is placed in 100mL 2M FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add 100mL 6M KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution, can obtain nZVI/N-TiO
2nano-tube array.
Use sem observation nZVI/N-TiO
2the pattern of nano-tube array.Known by Fig. 3, obtained nanotube caliber is about 105nm, and pipe range is about 15 μm.Nano zero valence iron uniform particles ground distributes on the nanotube, sphere diameter average out to 95nm.Compared to Figure 1, fuzzyyer, may be because oxidization time is long, cause the upper end of nanotube to form pencil a little, and soak time be long in ammoniacal liquor.
embodiment 3a kind of efficient visible light response type TiO
2the preparation of nano-tube array
By Ti sheet (2cm × 2cm, 99.997%) abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, until surface cleaning is smooth, then immerse strong acid mixing solutions (HF:HNO
3: H
2o=1:4:5 volume ratio) in carry out chemical rightenning 30s, use acetone soln, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning 10min subsequently respectively.Ti sheet after process is placed in air dry oven, dries in 80 ° of C, for subsequent use.
Under 20V volts DS, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, and in the ethylene glycol electrolytic solution containing 0.1wt % Neutral ammonium fluoride, 1vol % deionized water, anodic oxidation Ti sheet 1h prepares unformed TiO
2nano-tube array.
By the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in 5h in 0.5M ammoniacal liquor, makes the TiO of doping N
2nano-tube array, is then placed in retort furnace calcining at constant temperature 1h under 300 ° of C, makes its crystallization forming.
By the N-TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is placed in 100mL 0.02M FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add 100mL 0.06M KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution, can obtain nZVI/N-TiO
2nano-tube array.
embodiment 4nZVI/N-TiO
2the degraded of nano-tube array Pyrogentisinic Acid under ultraviolet light
With the nZVI/N-TiO prepared in embodiment 1
2nano-tube array is degradation of phenol under ultraviolet light.Photochemical catalysis light source is 1000w high voltage mercury lamp, and mercury lamp is by the water of condensation cooling in quartzy double-jacket.Test in light-catalyzed reaction instrument, will TiO be covered with
2the titanium board substrate of nano-tube array vertically puts into the phenol solution that 50mL mass concentration is 10mg/L.When reacting initial, first by phenol solution in the dark state magnetic agitation 30min to guarantee that reactant reaches adsorption equilibrium at catalyst surface.Then illumination 90min, gets a sample at interval of for some time, approximately samples 0.5mL at every turn.Always with magnetic agitation in Photocatalytic Degradation Process.
The concentration of Phenol in Aqueous Solution, measure with liquid chromatograph (Agilent 1220 Infinity LC, the U.S.), moving phase is methyl alcohol and water (v/v=7:3, flow velocity is 1mL/min), and it is 270nm that phenol maximal ultraviolet detects absorbing wavelength.The palliating degradation degree of phenol is calculated according to concentration.The surplus ratio of phenol and the relation curve of time are as Fig. 4.As seen from the figure, photodegradation rate constant size order is as follows: nZVI/N-TiO
2(
k obs=0.059min
-1) > nZVI/TiO
2(
k obs=0.048min
-1) > N-TiO
2(
k obs=0.031min
-1) > TiO
2(
k obs=0.025min
-1), nZVI/N-TiO
2the degradation effect of nanotube is best, and after photodegradation 90min, phenol is almost degradable complete.Illustrate that the synergy of nZVI and N improves nZVI/N-TiO
2the photocatalysis performance of nanotube.
embodiment 5nZVI/N-TiO
2the degraded of nano-tube array Pyrogentisinic Acid under visible light
With the nZVI/N-TiO prepared in embodiment 2
2nano-tube array is degradation of phenol under visible light.Photochemical catalysis light source is 1000w high pressure xenon lamp, and xenon lamp is by the water of condensation cooling in quartzy double-jacket.Test in light-catalyzed reaction instrument, will TiO be covered with
2the titanium board substrate of nano-tube array vertically puts into the phenol solution that 50mL mass concentration is 10mg/L.When reacting initial, first phenol solution is stirred in the dark state 30min to guarantee that reactant reaches adsorption equilibrium at catalyst surface.Then illumination 90min, gets a sample at interval of for some time, approximately samples 0.5mL at every turn.Always with magnetic agitation in Photocatalytic Degradation Process.
The concentration of Phenol in Aqueous Solution, measure with liquid chromatograph (Agilent 1220 Infinity LC, the U.S.), moving phase is methyl alcohol and water (v/v=7: 3, flow velocity is 1mL/min), and it is 270nm that phenol maximal ultraviolet detects absorbing wavelength.The palliating degradation degree of phenol is calculated according to concentration.The surplus ratio of phenol and the relation curve of time are as Fig. 5.As seen from the figure, photodegradation rate constant size order is as follows: nZVI/N-TiO
2(
k obs=0.006min
-1) > N-TiO
2(
k obs=0.002min
-1) >> nZVI/TiO
2(
k obs=0.0003min
-1) > TiO
2(
k obs=0.0001min
-1), use nZVI/N-TiO
2it is much larger that nanotube photodegradation phenol rate constant compares other three nanotubes, and after 90min, phenol approximately also remains 60%.Illustrate that the synergy of nZVI and N has widened TiO
2in the responding range of visible ray, improve photocatalysis performance.
Claims (10)
1. a visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array, is characterized in that being obtained by following methods:
1) by smooth for Ti sheet surface finish, clean up for subsequent use;
2) under volts DS 20-60V, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, and in the electrolytic solution, anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2nano-tube array, oxidization time is 1-6h; Electrolytic solution used is the ethylene glycol solution of fluorinated ammonium and deionized water;
3) by the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in ammoniacal liquor and makes N-TiO
2nano-tube array, is then placed in retort furnace and calcines, and calcining temperature is 300-600 ° of C, and calcination time is 1-4h, makes its crystallization forming;
4) by the N-TiO of step 3) gained crystallization forming
2nano-tube array is placed in FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution, can obtain visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array, wherein KBH
4with FeSO
47H
2the mol ratio of O is greater than 2:1.
2. a visible-light response type TiO
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) by smooth for Ti sheet surface finish, clean up for subsequent use;
2) under volts DS 20-60V, with Ti sheet for anode, platinized platinum is negative electrode, and in the electrolytic solution, anodic oxidation Ti sheet prepares TiO
2nano-tube array, oxidization time is 1-6h; Electrolytic solution used is the ethylene glycol solution of fluorinated ammonium and deionized water, wherein adds 0.1-2g Neutral ammonium fluoride, 1-10mL deionized water in every 100mL ethylene glycol;
3) by the TiO of gained
2nano-tube array is immersed in ammoniacal liquor and makes N-TiO
2nano-tube array, is then placed in retort furnace and calcines, and calcining temperature is 300-600 ° of C, and calcination time is 1-4h, makes its crystallization forming;
4) by the N-TiO of step 3) gained crystallization forming
2nano-tube array is placed in FeSO
47H
2in the aqueous solution of O, then dropwise add KBH while stirring under nitrogen protection
4solution, can obtain visible-light response type TiO
2nano-tube array, wherein KBH
4with FeSO
47H
2the mol ratio of O is greater than 2:1.
3. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 1
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: step 2) described volts DS is 40V, oxidization time is 3h.
4. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 1
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: step 2) add 0.3g Neutral ammonium fluoride, 2mL deionized water in every 100mL ethylene glycol in described electrolytic solution.
5. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 1
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: ammonia concn described in step 3) is 0.5-4M; Soak time is 5-15h.
6. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 5
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: ammonia concn described in step 3) is 1M; Soak time is 10h.
7. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 1
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: calcining temperature described in step 3) is 450 ° of C; Calcination time is 2h.
8. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 1
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: FeSO described in step 4)
47H
2the concentration of the O aqueous solution is 0.02-2M; KBH
4the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.06-6M.
9. a kind of visible-light response type TiO according to claim 8
2the preparation method of nano-tube array, is characterized in that: described FeSO
47H
2the concentration of the O aqueous solution is 0.2M; KBH
4the concentration of solution is 0.6M.
10. visible-light response type TiO described in claim 1
2the application of nano-tube array on photocatalytic degradation hazardous contaminant.
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CN105152122A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-12-16 | 北京科技大学 | Inorganic/organic semiconductor nano-composite structure and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN105152122A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-12-16 | 北京科技大学 | Inorganic/organic semiconductor nano-composite structure and preparation method and application thereof |
CN106315754A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for removing heavy metal-organic combined pollutants in water by utilizing TiO2/FeO composite photocatalyst |
CN106732691A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 四川师范大学 | A kind of composite catalyst for organochlorine pollutant of degrading and preparation method thereof |
CN106732691B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-08-30 | 四川师范大学 | A kind of composite catalyst and preparation method thereof for organochlorine pollutant of degrading |
CN107017375A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-04 | 重庆大学 | A kind of Nafion/TiO2The preparation method of nanotube composite diaphragm |
CN109092345A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-28 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of TiO of N doping2Nano-tube array and preparation method thereof |
CN112939274A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 淄博正河净水剂有限公司 | Treatment method of printing and dyeing wastewater |
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