CN104542197B - Wireless intelligent control system and method for alternative irrigating - Google Patents
Wireless intelligent control system and method for alternative irrigating Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542197B CN104542197B CN201510006199.3A CN201510006199A CN104542197B CN 104542197 B CN104542197 B CN 104542197B CN 201510006199 A CN201510006199 A CN 201510006199A CN 104542197 B CN104542197 B CN 104542197B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to wireless intelligent control system and method for alternative irrigating. The system comprises a microprocessor module, a sensor module, a solenoid valve driving module, a man-computer interaction module, a wireless communication module and a power module. The system is on the basis of the essential concept of local and regional alterative irrigating of crops; a pressure flow sensor, a soil water and temperature sensor, a rainfall sensor, a leaf temperature sensor and a leaf humidity sensor and other sensors are utilized to obtain rich irrigating information, so that the intelligent crop irrigation control degree and control precision are improved. Compared with the existing irrigation technology, the system has the advantages of being high in intelligent degree, high in man-computer interaction performance, and high in automatic fault diagnosis; the system is applicable to a farmland irrigation control system using the alternative irrigating technology and can be also used for irrigating of a greenhouse; the type of the crops can be adjusted on site or remotely adjusted, so that the irrigating requirements of maize, cotton, vegetable and other crops can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to surface irrigation technical field, more particularly to a kind of intellectual alternate irrigation of local root zone of crops control
Method and system processed.
Background technology
Kang Shaozhong is equal to the root signal theory for perceiving water shortage based on water-saving irrigation technique principle and crop in 1997 and proposes
A kind of partial root zone alternate irrigation technology, the technology active control crop root zone soil is in certain area of horizontally or vertically section
The water regime in domain, make crop root zone all the time some be grown in drying or more dry environment in, limit the part
Root water uptake, while making root system be alternately present in the arid region of horizontally or vertically section by artificial control, makes dry section
Root system produces water stress signal transmission to leaf stoma so as to effectively adjust stomatal movement, and is in the root system of humid region from soil
Middle absorption moisture needs water to meet the life and health of crop, makes to be maintained within critical limit the injury of crop.Simultaneously because
Topsoil always only has subregion moistening, and the invalid evaporation loss and total irrigation when all being moistened between can both having reduced are used
Water, can also reduce soil by machines intensity, improve soil permeability, promote root system compensatory growth, improve root system to moisture,
The utilization rate of nutrient, improves the validity of mineral nutrient, does not sacrifice to reach the photosynthesis accumulation of crop and largely economizes on water
Purpose.
Traditional surface irrigation technology has that labour intensity is big, the extensive and water and nutrient that applies fertilizer is wasted, and
Although the advanced water-saving irrigation technique such as drip irrigation, microspray irrigation saves labour and water-saving fertilizer-saving effect is significant, deposit again simultaneously
It is being easy to that blocking, salt accumulation, cost be higher and the defect such as complex management.Implement root system point with reference to the existing water system in field
Area's alternate irrigation transformation is a kind of water saving, efficient, simple and easy to do mode, and has further excavated the physiology section of crop itself
Water potentiality simultaneously artificially create a local environment for high-efficient water use, are the new directions of Modern Water Saving Agriculture development.
Existing surface irrigation technology is still present the problem of the following aspects：One is that existing partial root zone alternately fills
Irrigate device need judge the aqueous situation of the reality of crop root zone by other experimental observation data, it is determined whether need pour water and
When alternate irrigation is needed, had a strong impact on the precision of control, often missed the key period of crop water and cause the underproduction；Two
It is that existing partial root zone alternate irrigation device also rests on the manual control stage, need to realizes making by the operation of machinery or connecting rod
The alternate irrigation of thing local root zone, automaticity is relatively low, is not carried out man-machine interaction and based on soil moisture real-time monitoring
Based Intelligent Control, wastes time and energy, and response speed is slower.
The content of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of wireless alternate irrigation intelligently control system and side
Method, automaticity and control accuracy for improving alternate irrigation of local root zone of crops are suitable for using alternate irrigation technology
Crop field irrigation control system, it is also possible to carry out greenhouse irrigation.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of wireless alternate irrigation intelligence control system, including：Microprocessor module, sensor assembly, solenoid-driven
Module, human-computer interaction module, wireless communication module, power module.Wherein,
Microprocessor module, is the control centre of system, according to the information that sensor assembly is input into, completes alternate irrigation intelligence
Energy control algolithm, outputs control signals to the opening and closing of solenoid valve driving module drive magnetic valve, realizes irrigating Based Intelligent Control.
Sensor assembly, the letter such as hydraulic pressure, flow, soil moisture temperature, rainfall, blade face humiture is irrigated for Real-time Collection
Breath data, and deliver to microprocessor module.
Solenoid valve driving module, including relay and isolation circuit.One control of relay input and microprocessor module
Output end processed is connected.First by relay by the voltage conversion under microprocessor module battery saving mode for magnetic valve standard is powered
Voltage, then drives two opening and closings of hydraulic electromagnetic valve using isolation circuit.
Human-computer interaction module, including keyboard, display and translation interface, for carrying out parameter setting, real-time display system
Data and state, realize the serial communication of system and host computer.
Wireless communication module, is connected with microprocessor module, for realizing the telecommunication with central control system.
Power module, for system provides DC power supply.
Further, the sensor assembly is included with lower sensor：
Pressure flow sensor, installed in water valve front end, hydraulic pressure, flow is irrigated for measuring；
Soil moisture temperature sensor, three probes of sensor are respectively buried in the different same depths of below ground, are used for
Measurement soil moisture temperature；
Rain sensor, it is vertically-mounted, for measuring the amount of rainfall；
Leaf wetness sensors, near crop leaf, for measuring leaf wetness information；
Blade face temperature sensor, probe vertical is installed in crop blade face, for measuring blade face temperature information.
Further, the sensor assembly also includes A/D converter, and the analog quantity for sensor to be exported is converted into
Microprocessor module is delivered to after digital quantity.
Further, the sensor assembly also includes battery open control circuit, for defeated in microprocessor module
Under the control signal effect for going out, the opening and closing of probe power is controlled, choose whether to give certain sensor power, reach the mesh of power saving
's.
Further, the sensor assembly also includes working sensor status monitoring circuit, by monitoring sensor
The voltage swing of pin judges the working condition of the sensor：If the pin voltage is high level, illustrate that pin is hanging, pass
Sensor is in and does not access circuit state；If the pin voltage is low level, normal operation of sensor is illustrated.
The intelligent control method of wireless alternate irrigation is carried out using the intelligence control system, is comprised the following steps：
When the root area that there are soil water-physical properties, control magnetic valve starts to start, and the root area is poured water, until root
The soil moisture in area reaches the soil moisture upper limit of irrigated crop；
When the soil moisture for needing to be irrigated root area is not less than the soil water-physical properties in the root area, determine whether each
Whether the difference of the soil moisture in lateral root area is less than the moisture difference alternating threshold in each lateral root area, if so, control magnetic valve starts
Start, the root area relatively low to soil moisture pours water；In lateral irrigation water relatively low to moisture, if rainfall is more than certain value
When, then it is believed that need not now pour water, stop pouring water；If the flow that flow sensor is measured is more than irrigation quantity, it is believed that
Through pouring water, it is not necessary to carry out whether detection root area moisture reaches the upper limit of pouring water again, directly stop irrigation process；When pour water to
When the soil moisture in the root area reaches the soil moisture upper limit of irrigated crop, then stop water-pouring process；Otherwise, soil moisture is judged
Whether the soil moisture in relatively low root area is less than the soil moisture upper limit of irrigated crop, if so, control magnetic valve starts to open
Dynamic, the root area relatively low to soil moisture pours water, until the soil moisture in the root area is reached in the soil moisture of irrigated crop
Limit.
Further, methods described also includes timing alternately control and Remote：By man-machine interaction or telecommunication
Mode, sets the timing of irrigation procedure, the system self-timing operation；By wireless communication interface, in mobile phone or electricity
Remote manual control is realized by internet on brain, the deficiency of timing irrigation is made up.
Further, methods described also includes intelligent fault diagnosis and state analysis：Whether automatic diagnosis has water shortage source, valve
The abnormal keying of door occurs with sensor access anomaly, is alarmed by wireless telecommunications after finding failure, and system for prompting safeguards people
Member is repaired；While automatic analysis equipment energy and communication success rate.
Further, the method for the intelligent fault diagnosis is：Collection monitoring point signal, according to monitoring point signal amplitude
Whether within the acceptable range, determine whether that hardware fault occurs；If hardware fault, guilty culprit task is deleted；
Otherwise, check whether signal amplitude exceedes the upper lower limit value of the sensor of setting, if it exceeds bound, is alarmed, stop
Institute's operation program, checks that data are set and local environment situation, carries out system failure investigation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
Basic theory of the present invention based on crop partial-block alternate irrigation, by using pressure flow sensor, soil
The multiple sensors such as moisture temperature sensor, rain sensor, blade face temperature sensor and leaf wetness sensors are enriched
Irrigation information, improve crop irrigation control intelligence degree and control accuracy.Compared with existing irrigation technique, the present invention
Have the advantages that intelligence degree is high, man-machine interaction is good and Automation of Fault Diagnosis degree is high, be suitable for using alternate irrigation
The crop field irrigation control system of technology, it is also possible to carry out greenhouse irrigation.By scene or remotely adjust agrotype, can meet
The irrigation requirement of the crops such as corn, cotton, vegetables.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is wireless alternate irrigation intelligence control system composition frame chart involved in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the hardware composition frame chart of the wireless alternate irrigation intelligence control system of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the method flow diagram of the intellectual crop alternate irrigation of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the Troubleshooting Flowchart of the intellectual crop alternate irrigation of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.Hereinafter implement
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
A kind of wireless alternate irrigation intelligence control system, as shown in Figure 1, 2, including：Microprocessor module 1, sensor die
Block 2, solenoid valve driving module 3, human-computer interaction module 4, wireless communication module 5, power module 6.Wherein,
Microprocessor module 1, the JN5139 type microprocessors produced using jennic companies.The integrated chip one 32
The risc processor of position 16MHz dominant frequency, code efficiency, code size aspect height optimization, the ROM storages of its built-in 193KB
Device is integrated with the complete protocol stack of point-to-point communication and netted Network Communication, the RAM memory of 96KB can support netted route and
Controller function, without any storage space of outside extension.Meanwhile, it possesses the analog input on 12,4 tunnel, 2
The analog output that road is 11,2 comparators, temperature sensor, 2 application program timers, 3 system timers, 2
UART asynchronous serial ports (one is used for system debug), SPI interface and 2 line serial line interfaces, 21 available I/O pins.
Sensor assembly 2, including sensor, the A/D converter and peripheral circuit of 12.Using the sensing of SMC16 series
Device extracts the analog quantity for irrigating the information datas such as hydraulic pressure, flow, soil moisture temperature, rainfall, blade face humiture.By 12
Analog quantity is converted into digital quantity by A/D converter, by the incoming microprocessor processes of data.Peripheral circuit includes：Battery opens control
Circuit processed and sensor pin electric voltage observation circuit, battery open control circuit can realize controlling opening for the power supply of sensor
Close, choose whether to give certain sensor power, reach the effect of economize on electricity.The monitoring of sensor pin electric voltage observation circuit it is specific certain
The voltage swing of sensor pin, if voltage is high level, pin is hanging, i.e., sensor is in and does not access circuit state,
Can not work, and pin is low level, then sensor energy normal work.
Solenoid valve driving module 3, including relay and isolation circuit.Pass through SN74ALV164 relays first by power saving mould
3.6V voltage conversions under formula are the magnetic valve standard supply voltage of 5.0V, using the IRF530N or IRFP250N of MC33143
Isolation circuit drives two hydraulic electromagnetic valves to be opened and closed, and the size of hydraulic pressure is not less than 0.9MPa.
Human-computer interaction module 4, including keyboard, display and RS232 translation interfaces.Keyboard is available for keeper to operate, input
The parameter of Different Crop, and the opening and closing for controlling magnetic valve are set.Display is shown in real time from the LCD of LCM128645ZK series
The data and state of system, including irrigating the information datas such as hydraulic pressure, flow, soil moisture temperature, rainfall, blade face humiture, also
The flicker of alarm lamp and the ring of buzzer are provided with, the generation of failure is reminded.RS232 translation interfaces use SP3223E, pass through
Serial communication, realizes the functions such as transmission, the download of program of data.
Wireless communication module 5, uses the GPRS/3G wireless communication module SIM4100 of SIM companies production, carries out remote
Apart from point-to-point data transfer.SIM4100 is a bimodulus TD-SCDMA module solutions, under TD-SCDMA patterns,
Working frequency is 2010-2025MHz.In gsm mode, working frequency is three frequency 900/1800/1900MHz.
Power module 6, is that microprocessor module 1, sensor assembly 2, solenoid valve driving module 3 are powered.What battery was used
It is the solar energy lithium battery of 3.6V, 1.5W.
The flow of alternate irrigation intelligent control method is as shown in figure 3, specifically include following steps：
(1) if any lateral root area moisture of any crop is less than irrigation low limit, selection rotating valve selection irrigated area is accurate
It is standby to pour water；Otherwise, any lateral root area moisture difference of crop and alternately threshold values are compared.
(2) if any lateral root area moisture of crop is more than irrigation low limit, water-pouring process is stopped；Otherwise, rotating valve selection
Irrigated area, prepares irrigation volume.
(3) before preparing to pour water, irrigation volume is calculated, irrigation volume computational methods are：
Irrigation volume=irrigated area × crop root activity layer depth × moisture changing value
Start alternate irrigation equipment afterwards, to the relatively low lateral irrigation water of moisture.
(4) if rainfall is more than 15mm, need not now be poured water, pouring water after reaching upper limit process has a buffering
Time delay process.Now in order to economize on water, irrigation process can be stopped.
(5) then compare flow and irrigation quantity, if flow is more than irrigation quantity, now think to pour water to have reached requirement,
No longer need to pour water, stop irrigation process.
(4), (5) two steps are designed to preferably be economized on water, and the time delay after reaching the upper limit to pouring water rises
To certain protective effect.
(6) after conditions above satisfaction, poured water always, until the crop, the lateral root area moisture exceedes the upper limit of pouring water
Afterwards, water-pouring process is terminated.
The fault diagnosis flow scheme of the intellectual crop alternate irrigation of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in figure 4, fault diagnosis is main
Judgement is that have the phenomenons such as water shortage source, valve are opened and closed extremely and sensor access is abnormal, if having that system will be reminded by radio alarming
System attendant repaired.Automatic analysis equipment energy and communication success rate, are easy to plant maintenance simultaneously.Specifically include following
Step：
(1) if high level occurs in sensor pin voltage, you can think that pin is in vacant state；If pin voltage
More than 4.5V, it is determined that for sensor circuit accesses abnormal, it is necessary to carry out malfunction elimination and alarm, remind keeper to be tieed up
Repair.
(2) if the communication signal strength for detecting<120dBm, illustrates that signal is weaker, at this moment needs to adjust antenna, changes
More powerful sending module.
(3) if the cell voltage at this moment detecting<1.5V, changes battery or charging.
(4) hydraulic pressure size is detected, if hydraulic pressure is in the state of opening of device<0.6MPa, then can determine whether to be, without water source,
Staff is asked to seek sources of water.
(5) in the case that magnetic valve is opened, if flow<6L/s；Or in the case that magnetic valve is not turned on, if flow
>0.1L/s, then can determine whether to be that magnetic valve is closed extremely, at this moment be probably artificial valve opening, or magnetic valve occur in that failure, it is necessary to
Maintenance is changed.
(6) fault message is remotely transmitted to center system by wireless communication module 5, enterprising in the lcd screen of center system
Row is checked, and is alarmed.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method that employing wireless alternate irrigation intelligence control system carries out wireless alternate irrigation Based Intelligent Control, its feature exists
In, the wireless alternate irrigation intelligence control system, including：Microprocessor module (1), sensor assembly (2), solenoid-driven
Module (3), human-computer interaction module (4), wireless communication module (5), power module (6)；Wherein,
Microprocessor module (1), is the control centre of the system；According to the information that sensor assembly (2) is input into, complete to replace
Intelligent control algorithm is irrigated, the opening and closing of solenoid valve driving module (3) drive magnetic valve is output control signals to, realizes irrigating intelligence
Control；
Sensor assembly (2), hydraulic pressure, flow, soil moisture temperature, rainfall, blade face humiture information are irrigated for Real-time Collection
Data, and deliver to microprocessor module (1)；
Solenoid valve driving module (3), including relay and isolation circuit；Relay input and the one of microprocessor module (1)
Individual control output end be connected, first by relay by the voltage conversion under microprocessor module (1) battery saving mode be magnetic valve
Standard supply voltage, then drives two opening and closings of hydraulic electromagnetic valve using isolation circuit；
Human-computer interaction module (4), including keyboard, display and translation interface, for carrying out parameter setting, real-time display system
Data and state, realize the serial communication of system and host computer；
Wireless communication module (5), is connected with microprocessor module (1), for realizing the telecommunication with central control system；
Power module (6), for system provides DC power supply；
Correspondingly, the described method comprises the following steps：
When the root area that there are soil water-physical properties, control magnetic valve starts to start, and the root area is poured water, until root area
Soil moisture reaches the soil moisture upper limit of irrigated crop；
When the soil moisture for needing to be irrigated root area is not less than the soil water-physical properties in the root area, each lateral root is determined whether
Whether the difference of the soil moisture in area is less than the moisture difference alternating threshold in each lateral root area, if so, control magnetic valve starts to start,
The root area relatively low to soil moisture pours water；
In lateral irrigation water relatively low to moisture, if rainfall is more than the threshold value of setting, it is believed that need not now pour water, stop filling
Water；
If the flow that flow sensor is measured is more than irrigation quantity, it is believed that poured water, it is not necessary to carry out detection root area again
Whether moisture reaches the upper limit of pouring water, and directly stops irrigation process；
When the soil moisture poured water to the root area reaches the soil moisture upper limit of irrigated crop, then stop water-pouring process；Otherwise,
Judge whether the soil moisture in the relatively low root area of soil moisture is less than the soil moisture upper limit of irrigated crop, if so, control
Magnetic valve starts to start, and the root area relatively low to soil moisture pours water, until the soil moisture in the root area reaches irrigated crop
The soil moisture upper limit.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes timing, and alternately control is distant with long-range
Control：By man-machine interaction or telecommunication mode, the timing of irrigation procedure, the system self-timing operation are set；It is logical
Wireless communication module (5) is crossed, remote manual control is realized by internet on mobile phone or computer, make up timing irrigation not
Foot.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that methods described also includes intelligent fault diagnosis and state
Analysis：Whether automatic diagnosis has water shortage source, valve to open and close extremely and sensor access anomaly, passes through after finding failure
Wireless telecommunications are alarmed, and system for prompting attendant repaired；While automatic analysis equipment energy and communication success rate.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the method for the intelligent fault diagnosis is：Collection monitoring point
Whether according to monitoring point signal amplitude within the acceptable range signal, determine whether that hardware fault occurs；If hardware
Failure, deletes guilty culprit task；Otherwise, check whether signal amplitude exceedes the upper lower limit value of the sensor of setting, if super
Bound is crossed, is alarmed, stop institute's operation program, check that data are set and local environment situation, carry out system failure investigation.
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| CN101911905A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2010-12-15 | 扬州大学 | Gentle dry-wet alternate irrigation method for rice at whole growth periods |
| CN102550372A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中国农业大学 | Alternate partial root-zone irrigation controller and alternate partial root-zone irrigation system |
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| US20020010516A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-24 | John Addink | Irrigation controller using regression model |
| CN102445933B (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-06-12 | 兰泽华 | System for monitoring, alarming and managing farmland greenhouses based on Internet of things |
| US9374950B2 (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-06-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and methods for monitoring leaf temperature for prediction of plant water status |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101300945A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2008-11-12 | 山东农业大学 | Orchard interlaced alternative irrigation method |
| CN101574053A (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2009-11-11 | 中国农业大学 | Intelligent method and system for controlling alternate irrigation of local root zone of crops |
| CN101911905A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2010-12-15 | 扬州大学 | Gentle dry-wet alternate irrigation method for rice at whole growth periods |
| CN102550372A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中国农业大学 | Alternate partial root-zone irrigation controller and alternate partial root-zone irrigation system |
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