CN104542160A

CN104542160A - Comprehensive management method for improving survival rate of sweet cherry nursery plants and quality of nursery plants

Info

Publication number: CN104542160A
Application number: CN201510029681.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙庆田; 田长平; 张福兴; 张序
Original assignee: Shandong Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shandong Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2015-01-21
Filing date: 2015-01-21
Publication date: 2015-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-21
Also published as: CN104542160B

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive management method for improving the survival rate of sweet cherry nursery plants and the quality of the nursery plants and belongs to the field of cultivation of fruit tree nursery plants. The comprehensive management method comprises the following steps: ridging and planting in a single row, paving a micro-spraying pipe, covering a grass-proof mulching film, carrying out field comprehensive management and taking the nursery plants from a nursery garden. The method takes the steps of ridging, paving a drop irrigation pipe and covering the grass-proof mulching film as basic links and realizes integrated fertilization and watering; the working efficiency is high and each worker can mange 10000m<2> of the nursery garden field. The nursery garden field has less weeds and the weeds do not need to be removed by special manpower so that the manpower cost is saved; the death rate and the gummosis occurrence rate of the sweet cherry nursery plants can be obviously reduced in regions with large rainfall capacities in summer; a primary nursery plant rate of a seedling nursery plant method provided by the invention is up to be 85.4%-88.9% when the nursery plants are taken out from the nursery garden; compared with the traditional method, the rate is remarkably improved.

Description

A kind of integrated management approach improving sweet cherry plant percent and seedling quality

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of integrated management approach improving sweet cherry plant percent and seedling quality, belong to fruit nursery stock cultivation field.

Background technology

The good reputation that sweet cherry has " spring really first ", the seeds that in current northern deciduous, economic benefit is the highest, and cultivation management saving of labor, laborsaving, become the first-selected fruit tree species of development high-efficiency agriculture in all parts of the country, to the adjustment structure of rural undertaking, increase farmers' income and played important function;

Nursery stock is the basis that cultivation produced by sweet cherry, and its quality directly affects the development of China's sweet cherry industry.Current sweet cherry seedling-wood breeding still also exists that such as planting density is excessive, extensive management and the problem such as nursery stock is irregular.According to cherry Annual Conference data in 2014, will there is the new upsurge of sweet cherry plant production development in 5 ~ 7 years future in China.Therefore, how to ensure that the seedling quality of sweet cherry becomes a vital issue of significant, be badly in need of the technology that research and development improve sweet cherry seedling quality.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of integrated management approach improving sweet cherry plant percent and seedling quality, adopt high ridging, lay micro-nozzle, cover the integrated management approach that anti-meadow film combines, reach that planting density is reasonable, plant percent is high, the measured object of matter.

Following technical scheme is adopted for solving technical problem of the present invention:

A single file ridging is planted

A1 uses sufficient base fertilizer: every 667m ²use best buy fertilizer 3000 kilograms, diammonium phosphate 80 ~ 100 kilograms, 4 ~ 5 kilograms, ferrous sulfate;

A2 ploughs wholely: annual early March starts to plough, and nursery stock Root growth will have deep plow layer, and ploughing depth is advisable with 25 ~ 30 centimetres;

A3 specification ridging: adopt mechanical ridging, ridge is high 20 ~ 25 centimetres, row spacing 75 ~ 80 centimetres, ridge face width 20 centimetres;

A4 plants stock: adopt manual inseminating, spacing in the rows 12 ~ 15 centimetres, the depth of planting 8 ~ 10 centimetres.

B lays micro-nozzle

Place PE micro-nozzle (diameter 4 centimetres, oblique 5 holes, 0.3 millimeter, aperture) in face, ridge, make apopore upward, often row arranges a water control valve.

C covers anti-meadow film

Adopt the black mulch film with anti-careless function, mulch film width 100 centimetres, at the equal covering with plastic film in rootstock seedling both sides, and has the juxtaposition part of 10 ~ 15 centimetres, ensures that micro-nozzle is covered in below mulch film.During epiphragma, three people one group, a people is in front plastic film mulch, and two people are stretching ridging gland on both sides, fixing mulch film, at windy area in early spring, can on face every about 1.5 ~ 2 meters press little mounds, prevent mulch film to be blown up.

D, the integrated management of nursery stock field

Stock management before d1 grafting: this period main task be ensure that rootstock seedling survives, stock waters after planting immediately, and first pass water requirement is large, and interval is carried out second time for 7 days and watered, and can carry out kind grafting after 15 days;

D2 seedling growth prophase management: this period is about 28 ~ 31 days, from grafting to budder growth about 14 ~ 16 centimetres, interval is watered once in 10 days, ensure soil moisture content be suitable for; For preventing nursery stock from endangering by chafer and weevil, can spraying 90% chlorophos 1000 times of liquid;

D3 seedling growth middle term management: this period is about 148 ~ 152 days is the period that nursery stock grows fast; Interval is watered once in 10 days, and interval dissolved in water high-quality punching in 30 days is applied fertilizer once, based on nitrogen; From mid or late June, prevent and treat leaf spot and oriental fruit moth (being commonly called as folding tip worm), adopt 600 ~ 800 times of+30% peach of MnZn more than 50% little clever 1000 ~ 1500 times; 15 ~ 20 days one time, interval, connects spray 3 times, later single spraying 2 ~ 3 times MnZns more than 50% again, annual spray medicine 5 ~ 6 times;

D4 seedling growth final-period management: this period is about 40 days, for preventing the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe excessive growth of nursery stock, should the supply of stoppingly leaven material and moisture, to promote the abundant lignification of nursery stock, ensure nursery stock safe overwintering; At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, the urea of foliage-spray 3% ~ 5% concentration, promotes leaf abscission, also can increase the stored nutrient of nursery stock;

E outplanting

Start garden in mid-November; Use professional plant lifter during lifting, do not damage nursery stock cortex and eye, keep root system complete; Classification is carried out according to nursery stock trunk height, rugosity and root system development situation etc.;

The present invention is directed to the problem that in current sweet cherry nursery stock production, seedling quality is poor, through putting into practice for many years, establish a kind of with high ridging, lay drip irrigation pipe, cover the integrated management approach that anti-meadow film is key link, achieve that transplanted seedling tree density is reasonable, survival rate is high, the measured target of matter, there is wide promotion prospect.

Beneficial effect concrete manifestation of the present invention is as follows:

(1) utilize the seedling-cultivating method of the invention, when going out garden, one-level seedling rate is up to 85.4 ~ 88.9%, compares conventional method and is significantly increased.

(2) in seedling-cultivating method nursery lot of the present invention, weeds are few, do not need special artificial weeding, save cost of labor.

(3) seedling-cultivating method fertilizing, watering integration of the present invention, and operating efficiency is high, everyone ALARA Principle 10000m ²nursery lot.

(4) seedling-cultivating method of the present invention adopts high ridging, in summer rainfall area bigger than normal, avoids seedling root to affect by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.

Four, instantiation mode

Embodiment 1

A kind of integrated management approach improving sweet cherry plant percent and seedling quality, in order to research and develop the technology improving sweet cherry seedling quality, the present embodiment for high ridging, lay micro-nozzle, cover anti-meadow film and to combine the integrated management approach of pattern, have studied sweet cherry ' early beautiful ' seedling growth dynamic characteristic and the wooden amount of nursery stock, contrasting as adopting conventional field nursery stock production in same plot.

1, adopting high ridging, lay micro-nozzle and cover anti-meadow film and to combine pattern, is the key improving sweet cherry seedling quality

Two kinds of cultivation modes are adopted: Root growth pattern cultivation mode pacifically, other field management measures are consistent in same plot.Respectively at after grafting the 30th day, after grafting, the 180th day and outplanting time investigation seedling growth situation (table 1), evaluated the difference of two kinds of cultivation modes.

Table 1 cultivation mode affects sweet cherry plant percent and seedling height

This result shows, adopt Root growth pattern, significantly improve sweet cherry plant percent and seedling height, it should be noted that two kinds of cultivation mode plant percent notable differences occur at the seedling growth initial stage, this, seedling root activity was lower in period, kept soil to be suitable for humidity and temperature most important for Survival rate of nursery stock.Utilize " high ridging, lay micro-nozzle and cover anti-meadow film to combine pattern " technology, improve the practicality easy and simple to handle of sweet cherry seedling quality, can apply in sweet cherry nursery stock production.

Embodiment 2 compliance test result of the present invention

In July, 2013, Yantai Area of shandong Province average precipitation reached 461.6 millimeters, than mean value on the high side 155.0% same period for many years.Find by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging Survey and Inquiry nursery stock at the beginning of 8 months, the sweet cherry nursery stock adopting Root growth pattern to cultivate is significantly less than level land cultivation mode nursery stock (table 2) by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging lethality and gummosis incidence.

Table 2 cultivation mode affects sweet cherry nursery stock lethality and gummosis incidence after damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging

Note: I: the bright garden spot of Fushan District, Yantai City justice; II: the prosperous cherry cooperative society of Yantai City Laiyang green; III: the north, Yantai City fruit industry garden spot.

This result shows, adopts Root growth pattern, significantly reduces sweet cherry nursery stock lethality and gummosis incidence, analyzing main cause is due to after employing plastic mulching, external rainfall is not easy to enter soil, and excessive moisture, from discharging in time, alleviates damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging impact in the ranks.

Claims

1. improve an integrated management approach for sweet cherry plant percent and seedling quality, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:

A single file ridging is planted

A1 specification ridging: adopt mechanical ridging, ridge is high 20 ~ 25 centimetres, row spacing 75 ~ 80 centimetres, ridge face width 20 centimetres;

A2 plants stock: adopt manual inseminating, spacing in the rows 12 ~ 15 centimetres, the depth of planting 8 ~ 10 centimetres;

B lays micro-nozzle

Place PE micro-nozzle in face, ridge, make apopore upward, often row arranges a water control valve;

C covers anti-meadow film

Adopt the black mulch film with anti-careless function, mulch film width 100 centimetres, thickness 0.006 millimeter, at the equal covering with plastic film in rootstock seedling both sides, and has the juxtaposition part of 10 ~ 15 centimetres;

The field integrated management of d nursery stock

Stock management before d1 grafting: stock waters after planting immediately, and first pass water requirement is large, and interval is carried out second time for 7 days and watered, and can carry out kind grafting after 15 days;

D2 seedling growth prophase management: this period is 28 ~ 31 days, from grafting to growth 14 ~ 16 centimetres of buddering, interval is watered once in 10 days, ensure soil moisture content be suitable for; For preventing nursery stock from endangering by chafer and weevil, can spraying 90% chlorophos 1000 times of liquid;

D3 seedling growth middle term management: this period is 148 ~ 152 days is the period that nursery stock grows fast; Interval is watered once in 10 days, and interval dissolved in water high-quality punching fertilising in 30 days once, based on nitrogen, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest from mid or late June;

D4 seedling growth final-period management: this period is 38 ~ 42 days, for preventing the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe excessive growth of nursery stock, should the supply of stoppingly leaven material and moisture, to promote the abundant lignification of nursery stock, ensure nursery stock safe overwintering; At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, foliage-spray urea, promotes leaf abscission, also can increase the stored nutrient of nursery stock;

E outplanting

Start garden in mid-November, during lifting, use professional plant lifter, do not damage nursery stock cortex and eye, keep root system complete, carry out classification according to nursery stock trunk height, rugosity and root system development situation etc.

2. the integrated management approach of raising sweet cherry plant percent according to claim 1 and seedling quality, is characterized in that: in described step b, the specification of PE micro-nozzle is diameter 4 centimetres, oblique 5 holes, 0.3 millimeter, aperture.

3. the integrated management approach of raising sweet cherry plant percent according to claim 1 and seedling quality, it is characterized in that: the medicament kind of prevention and elimination of disease and pests from mid or late June in described steps d 3 and concentration prevent and treat leaf spot and oriental fruit moth for little clever 1000 ~ 1500 times of 600 ~ 800 times of+30% peach of MnZn more than 50%, 15 ~ 20 days one time, interval, connect spray 3 times, single spraying 2 ~ 3 times MnZns more than 50% again, annual spray medicine 5 ~ 6 times.

4. the integrated management approach of raising sweet cherry plant percent according to claim 1 and seedling quality, is characterized in that: in described steps d 4, the concentration of foliage-spray urea is 3% ~ 5%.