CN104535470A - Penetration and corrosion triaxial testing apparatus for gravel soil and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Penetration and corrosion triaxial testing apparatus for gravel soil and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104535470A CN104535470A CN201410769265.8A CN201410769265A CN104535470A CN 104535470 A CN104535470 A CN 104535470A CN 201410769265 A CN201410769265 A CN 201410769265A CN 104535470 A CN104535470 A CN 104535470A
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Abstract
The invention provides a penetration and corrosion triaxial testing apparatus for gravel soil. The penetration and corrosion triaxial testing apparatus comprises a pressure control system, a penetration and corrosion triaxial testing system and a sand-water separation system, wherein the penetration and corrosion triaxial testing system is used for containing gravel soil samples and can form a penetration and corrosion environment with a multistage water head and complex stress condition through self-loaded axial pressure as well as confining pressure and water pressure, provided by a pressure supplying system; the contained gravel soil samples can flow out of the penetration and corrosion triaxial testing system in the penetration and corrosion environment and then enter the sand-water separation system. The invention also provides a testing method of the triaxial testing apparatus. According to the triaxial testing apparatus, the samples are placed in a pressure chamber with confining pressure to be saturated, so that the multistage water head can realize penetration, corrosion and strength testing under a condition that the real environment stress state is simulated; corroded particles are discharged through a porous chassis of the pressure chamber, the mass of the corroded particle can be weighed in real time after sand-soil separation, and the penetration and corrosion triaxial testing process with the multistage water head and the complex stress condition can be effectively carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, particularly, relating to a kind of gravelly soil infiltration erosion Triaxial tester for permeating gravelly soil Penetration Signature and mechanical strength change under erosions (erosion of diving) action condition and test method.
Background technology
Concentrative seepage erosion, retrogressing erosion, contact erosion and the erosions such as erosion of diving all can cause Rock And Soil internal penetration to corrode.Dive and lose phenomenon, i.e. coarse particle skeletal internal fine grained selectively erosion under infiltration water effect.For being easy to the Rock And Soil that weathers, once fine particle moves, the corresponding microscopical structure of Rock And Soil will along with change, and its shear resistance is by corresponding reduction, and inner hydraulics also will be undergone mutation.Many rock-fill dams accidents and geologic hazard occur all closely related with submarine erosion action.
Experimental test in the past mainly quantizes the soil body latent erosion possibility under deadweight condition, and major part is all for fine grained loose ground.Traditional method is placed in rigidity drum by sample, tests and carry out test under constant downward streamflow regime.Judgement for interior erosion normally re-starts a separating tests to the sample of sample differing heights and has come after having tested.
But, earth and rockfill dam or dykes and dams internal stress state very complicated, particularly inner at the earth and rockfill dam with core-wall.In recent years, under complex stress condition, erosion problem becomes domestic and international hot research problem, and Moffat and Fannin (2006) adopts large-sized rigid cylinder to study the inner unstable initiation problem of cohesiveless soil under K0 stress condition.Bendahmane et al. (2008) have studied each to internal corrosion problem under pressure condition same case, erosion amount change when main research confined pressure is reduced to 100kPa from 150kPa.Richards and Reddy (2010) exploitation true triaxial system studies the possibility that piping occurs in viscosity and cohesiveless soil.Shwiyhat and Xiao (2010) have studied the change of soil body permeability that under constant head condition, erosion action causes and volume.Chang Dongsheng etc. (2011) utilize the Stress Control triaxial tester (specimen finish 100mm) of transformation, have studied the stress-strain relation of sand after interior erosion.Luo Yulong etc. (2013) develop seepage flow-erosion-stress coupling piping test unit, this device (specimen finish 101mm) can simulate without confined pressure, etc. to the piping such as pressurized, three axle pressurizeds test.From above test result, the research for the erosion problem under true stress condition is also in initial period, and yet there are no ripe equipment and achievement for adopting large diameter gravelly soil to carry out erosion research.
Summary of the invention
Test under sample is placed in deadweight condition by the soil body penetration test method that the object of the invention is to form for traditional fine grained, and the deficiency that can not corrode at multistage head and complex stress condition Imitating, and the deficiency that eroded particles collecting efficiency is low, there is provided one can simulate multistage head and complex stress condition, Triaxial tester and test method are corroded in the large size crushed stone soil infiltration of simulation erosion process.
To achieve these goals, the test unit that the present invention relates to and test method are achieved through the following technical solutions.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide the infiltration of a kind of gravelly soil and corrode Triaxial tester, comprise the control pressurer system, infiltration erosion triaxial test system and the sand and water separating system that connect successively; Wherein, described infiltration is corroded triaxial test system and is used for holding gravelly soil sample, and the confined pressure provided by the axial compression that self loads and control pressurer system and hydraulic pressure, simulation has the infiltration erosion environment of multistage head and complex stress condition; Described gravelly soil sample is under the infiltration erosion environment of setting, and eroded particles corrodes the outflow of triaxial test system by permeating, and enters sand and water separating system.
Preferably, described infiltration is corroded triaxial compression test system and is comprised axial compression load bar, pressure chamber, trough of belt sample cap, porous chassis and base, wherein, the middle place of described pressure chamber is provided with sample and holds chamber, described sample holds between chamber and pressure chamber has gap, and described gravelly soil sample is arranged at described sample and holds in chamber; Described axial compression load bar is pressed on the top that sample holds chamber, described axial compression load bar and sample hold between chamber and are provided with trough of belt sample cap, described porous chassis is arranged at the bottom that sample holds chamber, described base is arranged at the bottom of pressure chamber, described base and sample hold between chamber and are provided with funnel depositing pedestals, the endpiece port of described funnel depositing pedestals is provided with corrodes stream valve, and funnel depositing pedestals is connected with sand and water separating system by corroding stream valve; Described gravelly soil sample, under infiltration erosion environment, flows out by corroding stream valve through porous chassis.
Preferably, described sample holds cavity outer wall and adopts transparent organic glass, described gravelly soil sample outer wrap rubber diaphragm.
Preferably, described control pressurer system comprises seepage flow for water drum, seepage flow water supply cylinder pressure control module, air compressor, pressure chamber's internal gas pressure control module, pressure chamber for hydraulic pressure control unit in water drum and pressure chamber, wherein, described seepage flow supplies the supply channel of water drum to be connected to sample by seepage flow water supply cylinder pressure control module and holds chamber, and seepage flow is connected to for the water side of water drum supply channel the trough of belt pressure cap top that sample holds top of chamber; Described pressure chamber is connected to the bottom of pressure chamber for the supply channel of water drum by hydraulic pressure control unit in pressure chamber; Described air compressor is connected with pressure chamber for water drum with seepage flow respectively, and the supply air line of described air compressor is connected to the bottom of pressure chamber by pressure chamber's internal gas pressure control module.Air compressor is used for providing seepage flow control for back-pressure in water drum and provide pressure chamber's internal gas pressure to load.
Preferably, described pressure suppling system also comprises body variable and surveys cylinder, data acquisition system (DAS), pressure controller and valve positioner, described body variable is surveyed cylinder and is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) with the endpiece of funnel depositing pedestals respectively, described data acquisition system (DAS) is connected with valve positioner with pressure controller respectively, and described pressure controller and valve positioner are connected for water drum with pressure chamber for water drum with seepage flow respectively.
Preferably, described control pressurer system also comprises external water supply line and/or external vacuum pump pipeline, and described external water pipe pipeline and/or external vacuum pump pipeline are connected to the bottom of sample placed cavity by pressure controller.
Preferably, described sand and water separating system comprises sand water separator cartridge and water storage cylinder, and described sand water separator cartridge corrodes triaxial test system with infiltration and is connected, and described water storage cylinder is connected with sand water separator cartridge; The bottom of described sand water separator cartridge and water storage cylinder is respectively equipped with electronic balance.
Preferably, described sand water separator cartridge is provided with electronic nephelometer; Described water butt is provided with centrifugal pump.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide the test method that Triaxial tester is corroded in a kind of above-mentioned gravelly soil infiltration, after comprising the steps: that gravelly soil sample is saturated, control pressurer system corrodes triaxial test system to infiltration all the time provides hydraulic pressure and confined pressure, simulation infiltration erosion environment, stress condition, according to testing program circulation change, destroys overall process completely until complete.
Preferably, described test method is specially:
Step one, sample gravelly soil sample being placed on center, pressure chamber holds in chamber, makes sample reach vacuum by vacuum pump extraction sample inner air and comprises, and/or, sample is supplied water by micro-seepage flow way of supplying water bottom sample, reaches immersion saturated;
Step 2, seepage flow supplies water for water drum and infiltrates from sample top, and the fine grained that the water and corroding flowing through sample is discharged by the porous base bottom sample, to simulate infiltration erosion process;
Step 3, in the erosion process of sample, carries fine grain seepage flow water outlet by sand and water separating system process, and weighs in real time;
Step 4, after erosion process has been simulated, carries out axial compression loading by stress or contingency approach by axial compression load bar, carries out the test of gravelly soil probe intensity when keeping sample confined pressure constant.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
Gravelly soil sample is placed in three axle transparent organic glass pressure chambers of confined pressure, then water is pressurizeed for air pressurized in water drum by seepage flow, infiltrate from sample top for water drum through seepage flow, the fine grained that the water and corroding flowing through sample is discharged by the porous base bottom sample, to simulate infiltration erosion action, by pressure chamber for water drum and/or air compressor, simulation confined pressure environment.In the erosion process of sample, carry fine grain seepage flow water outlet by sand and water separating system process, and weigh in real time.After sand water is separated, closes and corrode stream valve, carry out axial compression loading by stress or contingency approach, carrying out probe intensity test when keeping sample confined pressure constant.
Carry out saturated in the pressure chamber that sample is placed on confined pressure by the present invention, thus under Reality simulation environmental stress status condition, realize infiltration erosion and the strength test of multistage head; Discharged by eroded particles by porous chassis, pressure chamber, and weigh eroded particles quality in real time after sand is separated, triaxial test process is corroded in the infiltration effectively completing multistage head and complex stress condition.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, carry out saturated in pressure chamber sample being placed on confined pressure, thus in true environment stress state situation, the strength test that the infiltration realizing multistage head is corroded; By pressure chamber's porous base, eroded particles is discharged, and carry out sand separation weighing in real time.
2, simulate multistage head and complex stress condition, for the different-grain diameter distribution soil body, adopt the porous chassis that aperture is different, eroded particles is separated by sand separation vessel with seepage flow water outlet, and weighs in real time.
3, the bottom belt of trough of belt sample cap is fluted, seepage flow in process of the test effectively can be avoided to concentrate, wandering water can be made evenly to infiltrate, improve success of the test rate.
4, the present invention considers that loose earth is under infiltration erosion action, soil body fine grained is by the time of day taken out of, systematic research under multistage head and complex stress environment, interior erosion is initial and evolution is machine-processed and interior erosion process on the impact of resistance to shear of soil coping behavior.This invention can independent Control Assay hydraulic gradient and stress state, the particle that weathers flows out with infiltration water and weighs in real time, carries out the parameter testings such as axial stress, strain, ambient pressure, pore pressure, volume of sample change, saturated inflow and consolidation draining amount simultaneously.
5, multistage pressure head condition adopts infiltration to realize for passing into pressure-air in water drum, and realizes automatic control program; Adopt oil pressure mode to complete axial stress to load, adopt pressure gas or water to stablize and apply sample ambient pressure and back-pressure; Sample pressure chamber adopts transparent organic glass to make, and settle porous plate bottom sample, eroded particles is flowed out by porous plate, by corroding stream valve, collects in sand water separator cartridge; Each several part load operating adopts PC to control, and each several part can work alone, and effectively completes the infiltration erosion test process of multistage head and complex stress condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that testing equipment uses process flow diagram;
In figure: 1 is axial compression load bar, 2 is pressure chamber, 3 is trough of belt sample cap, 4 is porous chassis, 5 is funnel depositing pedestals, 6 is pressure chamber base, 7 is gravelly soil sample, 8 is data acquisition unit, 9 is pressure controller, 10 is valve positioner, 11 is body change measuring cylinder, 12 is centrifugal pump, 13 is electronic nephelometer, 14 for corroding stream valve, 15 is water storage cylinder, 16 is particle deposition cylinder, 17 is electronic balance, 18 is air compressor, 19 for pressure chamber is for water drum, 20 for seepage flow is for water drum, 21 is axial compression hydraulic cylinder, I is infiltration erosion triaxial test system, II is control pressurer system, III is sand and water separating system.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Be specially:
Triaxial tester is corroded in the gravelly soil infiltration that the present embodiment provides, and comprises the control pressurer system, infiltration erosion triaxial test system and the sand and water separating system that connect successively; Wherein, described infiltration is corroded triaxial test system and is used for holding gravelly soil sample, and the confined pressure provided by the axial compression that self loads and control pressurer system and hydraulic pressure, form the infiltration erosion environment with multistage head and complex stress condition; The described gravelly soil sample that holds, under infiltration erosion environment, corrodes triaxial test system by infiltration and flows out, and enter sand and water separating system.
Further, described infiltration is corroded triaxial compression test system and is comprised axial compression load bar 1, pressure chamber 2, trough of belt sample cap 3, porous chassis 4 and pressure chamber base 6, wherein, the middle place of described pressure chamber 2 is provided with sample and holds chamber, described sample holds between chamber and pressure chamber 2 has confined pressure gap, and described gravelly soil sample is arranged at described sample and holds in chamber; Described axial compression load bar 1 is pressed on the top that sample holds chamber, described axial compression load bar 1 and sample hold between chamber and are provided with trough of belt sample cap 3, described porous chassis 4 is arranged at the bottom that sample holds chamber, described pressure chamber base 6 is arranged at the bottom of pressure chamber 2, described pressure chamber base 6 and sample hold between chamber and are provided with funnel depositing pedestals 5, and the endpiece of described funnel depositing pedestals 5 corrodes stream valve and is connected with adopting between sand and water separating system.
Further, described infiltration erosion triaxial compression test system also comprises: axial compression hydraulic cylinder, the axial compression load bar that act as of described axial compression hydraulic cylinder provides power.
Further, described sample holds cavity outer wall and adopts transparent organic glass, and sample outside surface adopts rubber diaphragm parcel.
Further, the port of the endpiece of described funnel depositional texture is provided with and corrodes stream valve 14.
Further, described control pressurer system comprises seepage flow and supplies water drum 19 for water drum 20 and pressure chamber, and described seepage flow is connected to sample for water drum 20 by supply channel and holds chamber; The water side of described supply channel is connected to the trough of belt pressure cap top, top that sample holds chamber; Described pressure chamber is connected to confined pressure gap for water drum 19 by confined pressure pipeline.
Further, described control pressurer system also comprises air compressor 18, and described air compressor 10 is connected to pressure chamber's internal gas pressure control module by air pipe line, then pressurized air is passed into sample holds chamber; The port of described air pipe line is connected to the top that sample holds chamber.
Further, described control pressurer system also comprises body variable and surveys cylinder 11, data acquisition system (DAS) 8, pressure controller 9 and valve positioner 10, described body variable is surveyed cylinder 11 and is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) 8 with the endpiece of funnel depositional texture respectively, described data acquisition system (DAS) 8 is connected with valve positioner 10 with pressure controller 9 respectively, described pressure controller 9 is connected for water drum 19 with pressure chamber for water drum 20 with seepage flow, and valve positioner 10 is connected for water drum 19 with pressure chamber for water drum 20 with seepage flow.
Further, described sand and water separating system comprises sand water separator cartridge 16 and water storage cylinder 15, and described sand water separator cartridge 16 corrodes triaxial test system with infiltration and is connected, and described water storage cylinder 15 is connected with sand water separator cartridge 16; The bottom of described sand water separator cartridge 16 and water storage cylinder 15 is respectively equipped with electronic balance 17.
Further, described sand water separator cartridge is provided with electronic nephelometer 13; Described water storage cylinder is provided with centrifugal pump 12.
Triaxial tester is corroded in the gravelly soil infiltration that the present embodiment provides, its test method, after comprising the steps: that gravelly soil sample is saturated, pressure suppling system corrodes triaxial test system to infiltration all the time provides hydraulic pressure and confined pressure, simulation infiltration erosion environment, stress condition circulation change, destroys overall process completely until complete.
Further, described test method is specially:
Step one, sample gravelly soil sample being placed on center, pressure chamber holds in chamber, makes sample extract sample inner air by vacuum pump, makes sample adopt vacuum saturated or supplied water bottom sample, until sample is saturated by micro-seepage flow way of supplying water;
Step 2, seepage flow supplies water for water drum and infiltrates from sample top, and the fine grained that the water and corroding flowing through sample is discharged by the porous base bottom sample, to simulate infiltration erosion process;
Step 3, in the erosion process of sample, carries fine grain seepage flow water outlet by sand and water separating system process, and weighs in real time;
Step 4, after erosion process has been simulated, carries out axial compression loading by stress or contingency approach by axial compression load bar, carries out the test of gravelly soil probe intensity when keeping sample confined pressure constant.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present embodiment is further described.
The test unit that the present embodiment provides, its each several part all can adopt PC to control, and each several part can work alone, and can carry out exchanges data with PC, intensive data acquisition process, instrument PC real-time rendering curve, preserves data, prints curve and form.
1, sample preparation and installation
The transparent organic glass pressure chamber (500mm) that Selection experiment uses; Base is separated with pressure chamber, by " earthwork test rule " sample preparation requirement dress sample, the air in drainpipe eliminating measured hole gap pressure piping and discharge pipe line in dress sample process, should be used, in dress sample process, avoid extraneous air to enter sample inside.Sample installs, and is placed on pressure chamber in pressure chamber base, tightens up with nut, unclamps the vent valve on top, pressure chamber, pressure chamber's feed water valve of bottom, rotation pressure room, inside, pressure chamber is communicated, water filling in pressure chamber for water drum with pressure chamber.When pressure indoor water is overflowed, close ambient pressure valve, pressure chamber's interior conduit is communicated with confined pressure controller, each controller energising.
2, the saturated consolidation of sample
Sample gravelly soil sample being placed on center, pressure chamber holds in chamber, make sample extract sample inner air by vacuum pump, make sample top form vacuum, seepage flow is supplied UNICOM bottom water drum and sample simultaneously, micro-seepage flow way of supplying water is adopted to supply water bottom sample, until sample is saturated.Saturation degree is by measuring pore water coefficient B test samples state of saturation.When opposite pressure keeps certain value, ambient pressure increment (Δ σ 3) causes the increment Delta u of pore water pressure.
B＝Δu/Δσ3
The setting of saturation testing can be set by the keyboard of PC fluorescent screen or controller, after target setting ambient pressure and back-pressure force value, can be controlled by the beginning key of PC fluorescent screen or right button of clicking the mouse on test objective value hurdle, or at the keyboard of controller, above parameter is set, start, the controls such as stopping, can on PC fluorescent screen or the actual confined pressure of display screen record of controller and pore water pressure force value and back-pressure force value, after on-test, PC fluorescent screen display confined pressure, the upper and lower Pore Pressure force value of back-pressure sample, eroded particles quality, water discharge, the relation curve of turbidity value and time, and record data by the time interval of consolidation test record data.After dress sample terminates, if do not apply opposite pressure, then close draining valve; If it is saturated to apply opposite pressure, the pipeline of the draining valve of Ze Shi pressure chamber and body variable are surveyed cylinder and are communicated with the pipeline of opposite pressure controller.Pore pressure in ambient pressure controller and ambient pressure are reset.The setting range of ambient pressure and opposite pressure is respectively 0 ~ 2000kPa, 0 ~ 1000kPa.
The desired value of confined pressure is transferred to control pressurer system and starts by PC, reach after desired value until confined pressure, after stablizing a few minutes, opposite pressure desired value is sent to control pressurer system by PC automatically, opposite pressure is set value calculation according to target, each controller returns to PC by the requirement of PC, PC PC displaying data in real-time, opening water discharge valve simultaneously, being switched by draining valve makes drainpipe and opposite pressure controller communicate, consolidation test starts (pore water of sample flows to opposite pressure controller), and PC calculates the degree of consolidation of sample automatically, and is recorded in tables of data.In process of the test, PC shows consolidation draining amount and time square root curve, water discharge and time logarithmic curve, pore pressure and time logarithmic curve automatically.
3, erosion test is permeated
After being applied to sample by constant ambient pressure, deviator stress, after sample consolidation of having a try completes, with constant flow velocity or constant head to examination specimen test, measure the have a try infiltration coefficient of sample under various stressing conditions and erosion amount.The setting parameter of permeability test can be set by the keyboard of PC fluorescent screen and each controller, after Selection experiment method, the stressing conditions (setting deviator stress, ambient pressure value) of sample of determining to have a try, after determining top seepage pressure, bottom water pressure or bottom velocity, can be set above parameter by the keyboard of PC fluorescent screen and controller, start, the control such as stopping, reading the change of actual ambient pressure, pore water pressure force value, back-pressure force value, deviator stress and volume of sample at the display screen of PC fluorescent screen and controller.After on-test, all metric data of instrument state one hurdle display triaxial test of PC fluorescent screen, select temporally to record data, PC is interval record data temporally.The opposite pressure 1 of PC fluorescent screen display simultaneously, opposite pressure 2 and the relation curve of time, flow and the relation curve of the relation curve of time and axial deformation and time.
The display screen of controller reads actual ambient pressure, pore water pressure force value, back-pressure force value, deviator stress and top flow, eroded particles weight etc.
4, mechanical property test
4a, stress path tests (failure test)
The principle of work of stress path: by controlling confined pressure increment, deviator stress increment size respectively, temporally interval applies confined pressure and deviator stress step by step, and make sample be issued to destruction at certain stress path, design concept is:
A. apply one-level confined pressure and deviator stress, the time to be pressurised arrives, and namely according to the calculating increment of confined pressure increment and deviator stress, adds next stage confined pressure and deviator stress, until sample destroys.
B. by PC setting confined pressure increment Delta σ 3, deviator stress increment size Δ (σ 1-σ 3), the time interval (Z increases the time), transfer to each controller and carry out stress path tests.In process of the test, PC fluorescent screen shows efficacy p/q curve and total stress p/q curve, axial deformation and the curve of time, pore water pressure and the relation curve of time in real time.
Test procedure:
If a. need before stress path tests to carry out saturation testing, consolidation test, can carry out with reference to the test procedure of saturation testing, consolidation test, sample of having a try be numbered same.
B. in test method, select stress path tests, select examination specimen coding, Selection experiment termination condition and conditional parameter.
When c. determining consolidation test or have a try sample stressing conditions in position time the desired value (scope 0-2000) of confined pressure and opposite pressure (scope 1-300) (unit: kPa) and deviator stress.
D. axial displacement is reset.(method is after starting characteristics test acquisition process software to adopt PC software to reset, by the reset key of projects in instrument state one hurdle, the parameters such as ambient pressure, pore pressure, axial displacement, principle stress, opposite pressure 1, eroded particles quality, flow are reset).
If e. carry out drained shear test, then opening water discharge valve, the direction of draining valve is that pore water in sample is flowed in opposite pressure controller, and to set opposite pressure desired value be 0.If carry out not Drainage Shear, then close draining valve.
F. confined pressure increment Delta σ 3, deviator stress increment Delta (σ 1-σ 3) (desired value can be negative value) is set.
G. reset and set complete, clicking and start test, now each controller is according to target worth and controls, and each controller returns to PC by the requirement of PC, and PC records data relevant in process of the test automatically.
H., in process of the test, PC shows total stress path (TSP) curve, effective stress curve, axial strain and time curve, pore pressure and the relation curve of time automatically.
I. meet termination condition once test condition, PC ejects a dialog box, and display terminates test prompting, and program recovery is to initial input parameter state.
4b, Stress Control test (destruction)
The principle of work of Stress Control test: under the prerequisite that confined pressure remains unchanged, temporally interval applies deviator stress (namely principle stress increases by certain speed) step by step, and make sample be issued to destruction at certain stress condition, design concept is:
A. one-level confined pressure is applied.
B. by PC setting deviator stress increment size Δ (σ 1-σ 3), the time interval, transfer to control pressurer system and carry out Stress Control test.In process of the test, PC fluorescent screen shows the relation curve of deviator stress and time, the relation curve of deviator stress and axial deformation, axial deformation and the curve of time, pore water pressure and the relation curve of time in real time.
Test procedure:
If a. need to carry out saturation testing, consolidation test before Stress Control test, can carry out with reference to the test procedure of saturation testing, consolidation test.
B. in test method, select Stress Control to test, select specimen coding, Selection experiment termination condition and conditional parameter.
When c. determining consolidation test or the desired value (scope 0-2000) of the confined pressure of sample in position under stress state and opposite pressure (scope 1-300) (unit: kPa) and deviator stress.
D. axial displacement is reset.Reset (after method is starting characteristics test acquisition process software with PC software, by the reset key of projects in instrument state one hurdle, ambient pressure, up and down pore pressure, axial displacement, deviator stress, eroded particles quality, water discharge, turbidity are reset).
If e. carry out drained shear test, then opening water discharge valve, the direction of draining valve makes pore water in sample flow into body variable to survey in cylinder, and to set opposite pressure desired value be 0.If carry out not Drainage Shear, then in valve-off control system, body variable surveys cylinder valve.
F. set confined pressure σ 3, deviator stress increment Delta (σ 1-σ 3), increase the time.
G. reset and set complete, clicking and start test, now each controller is according to target worth and controls, and each controller returns to PC by the requirement of PC, and PC records data relevant in Stress Control process of the test automatically.
H., in process of the test, PC shows the relation curve of deviator stress and time, the relation curve of deviator stress and axial deformation, axial deformation and the curve of time, pore water pressure and the relation curve of time automatically.
I. meet termination condition once test condition, PC display terminates test prompting, and program recovery is to initial input parameter state.
4c, multi-stage loading are tested
Multi-stage loading experiment work principle: by controlling confined pressure increment, deviator stress increment size respectively, temporally interval applies confined pressure and deviator stress step by step, and make sample be issued to destruction at certain stress path, design concept is:
A. apply one-level confined pressure and deviator stress, the time to be pressurised terminates, and namely according to the calculating increment of confined pressure increment and deviator stress, adds next stage confined pressure and deviator stress, until sample destruction.
B. by PC setting confined pressure increment Delta σ 3, deviator stress increment size Δ (σ 1-σ 3), the time interval, transfer to each controller and carry out stress path tests.In process of the test, PC fluorescent screen shows efficacy p/q curve and total stress p/q curve, axial deformation and the curve of time, pore water pressure and the relation curve of time in real time.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration, it is characterized in that, comprises the control pressurer system, infiltration erosion triaxial test system and the sand and water separating system that connect successively; Wherein, described infiltration is corroded triaxial test system and is used for holding gravelly soil sample, and the confined pressure provided by the axial compression that self loads and control pressurer system and hydraulic pressure, simulation has the infiltration erosion environment of multistage head and complex stress condition; Described gravelly soil sample, under infiltration erosion environment, corrodes triaxial test system by infiltration and flows out, and enter sand and water separating system.
2. Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described infiltration is corroded triaxial test system and is comprised axial compression load bar, pressure chamber, trough of belt sample cap, porous chassis and base, wherein, the center of described pressure chamber is provided with sample and holds chamber, described sample holds between chamber and pressure chamber has gap, and described gravelly soil sample is arranged at described sample and holds in chamber; Described axial compression load bar is pressed on the top that sample holds chamber, described axial compression load bar and sample hold between chamber and are provided with trough of belt sample cap, described porous chassis is arranged at the bottom that sample holds chamber, described base is arranged at the bottom of pressure chamber, described base and sample hold between chamber and are provided with funnel depositing pedestals, the endpiece port of described funnel depositing pedestals is provided with corrodes stream valve, and funnel depositing pedestals is connected with sand and water separating system by corroding stream valve; Described gravelly soil sample, under infiltration erosion environment, flows out by corroding stream valve through porous chassis.
3. Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 2, and it is characterized in that, described sample holds cavity outer wall and adopts transparent organic glass, described gravelly soil sample outer wrap rubber diaphragm.
4. Triaxial tester is corroded in the gravelly soil infiltration according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described control pressurer system comprises seepage flow for water drum, seepage flow water supply cylinder pressure control module, air compressor, pressure chamber's internal gas pressure control module, pressure chamber for hydraulic pressure control unit in water drum and pressure chamber, wherein, described seepage flow supplies the supply channel of water drum to be connected to sample by seepage flow water supply cylinder pressure control module and holds chamber, and seepage flow is connected to for the water side of water drum supply channel the trough of belt pressure cap top that sample holds top of chamber; Described pressure chamber is connected to the bottom of pressure chamber for the supply channel of water drum by hydraulic pressure control unit in pressure chamber; Described air compressor is connected with pressure chamber for water drum with seepage flow respectively, and the supply air line of described air compressor is connected to the bottom of pressure chamber by pressure chamber's internal gas pressure control module.
5. Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described control pressurer system also comprises body variable and surveys cylinder, data acquisition system (DAS), pressure controller and valve positioner, described body variable is surveyed cylinder and is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) with the endpiece of funnel depositing pedestals respectively, described data acquisition system (DAS) is connected with valve positioner with pressure controller respectively, and described pressure controller and valve positioner are connected for water drum with pressure chamber for water drum with seepage flow respectively.
6. Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described control pressurer system also comprises external water supply line and/or external vacuum pump pipeline, and described external water pipe pipeline and/or external vacuum pump pipeline are connected to the bottom of sample placed cavity by pressure controller.
7. Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described sand and water separating system comprises sand water separator cartridge and water storage cylinder, and described sand water separating barrel corrodes triaxial compression test system with infiltration and is connected, and described water butt is connected with sand water separator cartridge; The bottom of described sand water separator cartridge and water storage cylinder is respectively equipped with electronic balance.
8. Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, is provided with electronic nephelometer in described sand water separator cartridge; Described water butt is provided with centrifugal pump.
9. the test method of Triaxial tester is corroded in the gravelly soil infiltration according to any one of a claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, after comprising the steps: that gravelly soil sample is saturated, control pressurer system corrodes triaxial test system to infiltration all the time provides infiltration hydraulic pressure and confined pressure, simulation infiltration erosion environment, stress loading condition circulation change, destroys overall process completely until complete.
10. the test method of Triaxial tester is corroded in gravelly soil infiltration according to claim 9, and it is characterized in that, described test method is specially:
Step one, sample gravelly soil sample being placed on center, pressure chamber holds in chamber, makes sample reach vacuum by vacuum pump extraction sample inner air and comprises, and/or, sample is supplied water by micro-seepage flow way of supplying water bottom sample, reaches immersion saturated;
Step 2, seepage flow supplies water for water drum and infiltrates from sample top, and the fine grained that the water and corroding flowing through sample is discharged by the porous base bottom sample, to simulate infiltration erosion process;
Step 3, in the erosion process of sample, carries fine grain seepage flow water outlet by sand and water separating system process, and weighs in real time;
Step 4, after erosion process has been simulated, carries out axial compression loading by stress or contingency approach by axial compression load bar, carries out the test of gravelly soil probe intensity when keeping sample confined pressure constant.
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