CN1045313C - Process and equipment for producing spongy iron - Google Patents
Process and equipment for producing spongy iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN1045313C CN1045313C CN 95102176 CN95102176A CN1045313C CN 1045313 C CN1045313 C CN 1045313C CN 95102176 CN95102176 CN 95102176 CN 95102176 A CN95102176 A CN 95102176A CN 1045313 C CN1045313 C CN 1045313C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a process and equipment for producing spongy iron. A removable bottom is adopted to carry a material bed (iron ores and a reducer) and the material bed is reduced and roasted in a hearth which is heated by flame opening. The present invention adopts the protection of a carbon particle layer of certain thickness, and the carbon particle layer covers the upper surface of the material bed, and prevents the burning loss of the reducer and the oxidation of the sponge iron in the roasting process, and accordingly, very high metallization rate can be obtained within wide range of operation parameters, such as material bed thickness, hearth temperature, roasting time, etc. The present invention is suitable for carbon pellet ores internally matched, carbon pellet ores which are not internally matched and crude ores, and has the advantages of simple process, high productivity, low cost, difficult fault generation, etc.
Description
The invention belongs to a kind of technology and equipment of producing sponge iron.
Sponge iron (claiming direct-reduced iron or metallized pellet again) is a kind of important metallurgical raw material.It is with iron ore or iron-bearing material, reduces resulting product under the condition of the temperature of fusion that is lower than iron.Sponge iron is the surrogate of steel scrap, is the important source material of smelting the high-quality steel, also can be processed into iron powder as powder metallurgy and industrial chemicals.Be badly in need of a large amount of sponge iron products on the domestic and international market at present.
The nucleus equipment of producing sponge iron is a reduction roaster, and therein, the oxygen in the iron ore is reduced and is transformed into metallic iron after agent seizes.Produce the method for sponge iron, be divided into gas base directly reducing method (using gaseous reducing agent) and coal-based direct reduction method (using solid reductant) according to the states of matter of reductive agent.
The coal-based direct reduction method can be used natural nugget, also available ore agglomerates.Whether used ore agglomerates is divided into carbon containing pellet ore and no carbon containing pellet ore (alleged nodulizing usually) according to wherein joining carbon.It is spherical that the shape of nodulizing commonly used mostly is, so often be called pellet.
Gas base sponge iron working system is based on shaft furnace, and it need be the feedstock production reducing gas with Sweet natural gas, therefore is subjected to the restriction of resource.
The reductive agent wide material sources of coal-based sponge iron working system, its main method have kiln process, canned method and rotary hearth furnace method.The typical case of kiln process representative is the SL/RN method, its feature be iron ore block or carbon non-containing pellet ore with solid reductant, carry out roasting in the process of in rotary kiln, rolling.Because furnace charge constantly rolls, and therefore, requires nugget to have higher intensity.The heat-up time of this method is long, and productivity is low, and is easy to generate " ring formation " accident.The typical case of canned method representative is the Hoganas method, and it is that indirect heating is reduced with in breeze and the reductive agent tank filling together.Though this method can be anti-oxidation, heat-up time is very long.Typical case's representative of rotary hearth furnace method is Fastmet method and Inmetco method.This method is used thin bed of material carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit and is used spacious flame heating, so reduction rate is fast, and roasting time is short.But bed of material surface is subjected to the oxidation of furnace gas, therefore is difficult to obtain very high degree of metalization.Obtain high degree of metalization to a certain degree, need strict red-tape operati parameter, excessive or too smallly all do not reach requirement.
Deliver furnace charge at the bottom of the objective of the invention is to adopt travelling oven, making between furnace charge and the furnace bottom does not have relative movement, therefore can use the low strength nodulizing, comprising carbon containing pellet ore.On heated bed of material surface, cover certain thickness carbon granules layer, prevent the oxidation of furnace gas, promptly prevent the scaling loss of furnace gas, prevent the oxidation of furnace gas sponge iron in the later stage to reductive agent at the heating initial stage to furnace charge.Therefore, can in bigger range of operating parameters, obtain very high degree of metalization.
The nugget that the present invention is used comprises natural nugget, artificial carbon containing pellet ore or artificial no carbon containing pellet ore, and its shape can be sphere or other shape.Used reductive agent can be coal, coke, charcoal etc.
Fig. 1 represents to use the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit to produce the technical process of sponge iron.The preparation method who enters the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit of reduction roaster is, with addition of an amount of reductive agent powder, adds an amount of binding agent and water again in fine iron breeze, iron dust containing or iron scale (iron scale) powder, after stirring, makes ball on pelletizer.In principle, raw material granularity is thin more, helps quickening reduction process more.But pulverize meticulous meeting and consume a large amount of energy.The granularity of general breeze and reductive agent all requires less than 0.25 millimeter, wherein less than 0.177 millimeter account for more than 80%.Binding agent is selected organic binder bond for use, as sodium cellulose glycolate (CMC), spent pulping liquor, dextrin etc.Add-on is 3 ‰-3%, and moisture is 7-14%.If use general pellet, then reductive agent does not need to pulverize, and need not join carbon during agglomeration, only prepares nodulizing with breeze (comprising iron scale powder etc.), adding binding agent and water.
The present invention produces the process program of sponge iron: on (2) at the bottom of the travelling oven that level moves continuously, the thick bed of material of being made up of iron ore and reductive agent (3) of 20-100mm is put in the shop, furnace size is 1-30mm, upper surface bedding thickness at the furnace charge layer is the carbon granule layer (4) of 5-50mm, the granularity of carbon granules is 1-30mm, carbon granules layer that this is topped and furnace charge layer are together with motion at the bottom of the travelling oven, through being reduced into sponge iron after cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) roasting.Inner of the boiler chamber gas oxygen level is 0-10%, and fire box temperature is 800-1450 ℃, and the roasting time in burner hearth is 30-240 minute, and the degree of metalization of the sponge iron that restores is greater than 85%.
The present invention is under the situation of using carbon containing pellet ore, with fine iron breeze, iron dust containing or iron scale (iron scale) powder, add the solid reductant powder, comprise preparation pellets such as coal dust, coke powder, wood charcoal powder, the amount of reductive agent is doubly allocated into by the 0.8-1.5 of the required carbon amount of chemical reaction, reductive agent and iron scale all are crushed to all less than 0.25 millimeter, wherein less than 0.177 millimeter account for more than 80%.The carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit diameter of preparation is the 5-30 millimeter, and the bed thickness that put the shop is 20-100mm.Granularity at the carbon granules of the upper surface bedding of pelletizing ore bed is 1-20mm, and the carbon granules layer thickness is 5-50mm.Under delivery at the bottom of the travelling oven, the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit of lid carbon is 800-1450 ℃ of cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) through fire box temperature, is reduced into sponge iron after roasting 30-120 minute.
The present invention is under the situation of using carbon containing pellet ore, technology is preferably, use fine iron breeze, iron dust containing or iron scale (iron scale) powder, add the solid reductant powder and prepare pelletizing, the amount of reductive agent is doubly allocated into by the 0.8-1.5 of the required carbon amount of chemical reaction, reductive agent and iron scale all are crushed to all by less than 0.177 millimeter, wherein less than 0.149 millimeter account for more than 80%.The carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit diameter of preparation is the 8-20 millimeter, and the bed thickness that put the shop is 25-80mm.Granularity at the carbon granules of the upper surface bedding of pelletizing ore bed is 3-12mm, and the carbon granules layer thickness is 10-30mm.Under delivery at the bottom of the travelling oven, the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit of lid carbon is 800-1400 ℃ of cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) through fire box temperature, is reduced into sponge iron after roasting 30-100 minute.
The present invention is under the situation of using general nodulizing, and the granularity of nodulizing or raw ore is that the granularity of 5-20mm and solid reductant is 1-20mm, and the thickness that put bed of material shop is 20-100mm.The granularity of the carbon granules of bedding is 1-15mm on the surface of pelletizing ore bed, and the carbon granules layer thickness is 10-40mm.Under delivery at the bottom of the travelling oven, the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit of lid carbon is 900-1400 ℃ of cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) through fire box temperature, is reduced into sponge iron after roasting 60-240 minute.
The present invention realizes that the device of above-mentioned technology sees accompanying drawing 2, comprises pushing device (1), at the bottom of the travelling oven (2); at the bottom of the stationary furnace (5); furnace charge stone funnel (8), protection carbon stone funnel (9), body of heater (12); cold zone burner hearth (11); high-temperature zone burner hearth (13), burner port (14), smoke outlet (10); bottom watercooler (6), top water cooler (15) and conveying belt (7) are formed.Under the promotion of pushing device, move forward on (5) at the bottom of the stationary furnace (2) at the bottom of the travelling oven, spreads furnace charge (3) earlier by stone funnel (8), uses funnel (9) to repave protection carbon-coating (4) then in its surface.Under the protection of carbon-coating, furnace charge is reduced into sponge iron after passing through cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) roasting successively.The finished product sponge iron is cooled to them below 700 ℃ through the cooling room that upper and lower watercooler constitutes, and is discharged on the conveying belt (7) and transports.The thermal-flame of burning coal gas, oil or coal infeeds in the stove from burner port (14), and flue gas discharges out of the furnace by smoke outlet (10).
One of type of cooling of furnace charge is, after roasting was finished in burner hearth, sponge iron was chilled to 700 ℃ with bottom discharge by the cooling room of being made up of watercooler (6) and (15) under the situation of lid carbon, and is discharged on the conveying belt (7) and transports.
Can multiple patterns such as portable charging tray, chain belt, chassis, ring rotation furnace bottom at the bottom of the travelling oven of delivery furnace charge of the present invention.Its function is to load the motion of furnace charge along continuous straight runs, and furnace charge returns the stokehold and recycles after burning till sponge iron and discharging through stoving oven at the bottom of the travelling oven.
The present invention compares with the Inmetco method with the Fastmet method, owing to adopted the measure of furnace charge upper surface lid carbon protection, has prevented the oxygenizement of furnace gas to furnace charge, thereby has made sponge iron can reach very high degree of metalization.Owing to solved anti-oxidation problem thereby parameters such as bed thickness, fire box temperature, heat-up time relaxed requirement, made in the production and realize easily, be convenient to grasping.Although increased heat transfer resistance behind the covering carbon-coating, prolonged heat-up time to some extent, by optimizing determined protection carbon-coating thickness and little, therefore the heating thermal resistance that increases is limited, and prolong few heat-up time.
The Hoganas method that the present invention and canned material indirect heating are produced sponge iron compares, and rate of heating is fast, the productivity height, and need not consume protective pot, reduced production cost.
The present invention and rotary kiln sponge iron working system are relatively, because in the sponge iron production process, there is not relative movement between furnace bottom and furnace charge, furnace charge can not be in operation and break into pieces, therefore, requirement of strength to pellet is not high, thereby has simplified pellet forming process, can not produce puzzlement rotary kiln normal operation " ring formation " phenomenon yet.
The schema that accompanying drawing 1 of the present invention is produced for sponge iron, accompanying drawing 2 (a) is the longitudinal diagram of sponge iron production unit.Accompanying drawing 2 (b) is the longitudinal diagram of the cooling room of sponge iron.
One of embodiment that uses carbon containing pellet ore is; with the fine iron breeze is raw material; be reductive agent with the coke breeze and be crushed to all less than 0.25 millimeter; wherein account for more than 80% less than 0.177 millimeter ratio; the 0.8-1.2 of the carbon amount that needs by chemical reaction doubly joins carbon; with fine iron breeze; coke powder and 1% CMC binding agent mix; making granularity is the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit of 10-30mm; the bed thickness of bedding is 80mm at the bottom of the travelling oven; with granularity is the thick protective layer of coke breeze covering 30mm of 3-15mm; 900-1200 ℃ of cold zone fire box temperature; under high-temperature zone fire box temperature 1200-1400 ℃ the condition; roasting 100 minutes, degree of metalization is greater than 85% in the sponge iron of production.
Claims (5)
1; a kind of technology of producing sponge iron; on (2) at the bottom of the travelling oven that level moves continuously; furnace charge (3) (iron ore pellets or iron ore and solid reductant) is put in the shop; it is characterized in that spreading the furnace charge thickness of putting is 20-100mm; furnace size is 1-30mm; upper surface bedding thickness at the furnace charge layer is the carbon granules layer (4) of 5-50mm; the granularity of carbon granules is 1-30mm; carbon granules layer that this is topped and furnace charge layer are together with motion at the bottom of the travelling oven; through being reduced into sponge iron after cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) roasting; inner of the boiler chamber gas oxygen level is 0-10%; fire box temperature is 800-1450 ℃; roasting time in burner hearth is 30-240 minute, and the sponge iron that restores is under the protection of carbon-coating, and the cooling room that water cooler (6) and last water cooler (15) are formed under the warp is cooled to be discharged at below 700 ℃ on the conveying belt (7) to be transported.
2, technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that using fine iron breeze, iron dust containing or iron scale powder, add solid reductant-coal dust or coke powder and prepare pelletizing, the amount of reductive agent is doubly allocated into by the 0.8-1.5 of the required carbon amount of chemical reaction, reductive agent and iron scale all are crushed to all less than 0.25 millimeter, wherein less than 0.177 millimeter account for more than 80%, the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit diameter of preparation is the 5-30 millimeter.Under delivery at the bottom of the travelling oven, carbonaceous carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit was reduced into sponge iron after roasting 30-120 minute.
3, technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the reductive agent and the iron scale that prepare pellet all are crushed to all less than 0.177 millimeter, wherein less than 0.149 millimeter account for more than 80%, the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit diameter of preparation is the 8-20 millimeter, and the bed thickness that put the shop is 25-80mm.Granularity at the carbon granules of the upper surface bedding of pelletizing ore bed is 3-12mm, and the carbon granules layer thickness is 10-30mm.Under delivery at the bottom of the travelling oven, the carbon-burdened pellet ore deposit of lid carbon is 800-1400 ℃ cold zone burner hearth (11) and a high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) through fire box temperature, is reduced into sponge iron after roasting 30-100 minute.
4, technology according to claim 1; it is characterized in that using granularity to be raw material as coal grain or other carbon granules of 1-20mm as the pellet of 5-20 millimeter or raw ore and granularity; the bed thickness that put the shop is 20-100mm; the granularity of the carbon granules of bedding is 1-15mm on the surface of the bed of material; the carbon granules layer thickness is 10-40mm; under delivery at the bottom of the travelling oven, lid pelletizing of carbon or raw ore are that 900-1400 ℃ cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) was reduced into sponge iron after roasting 60-240 minute through fire box temperature.
5; implement the equipment of the described technology of claim 1; it is characterized in that comprising pushing device (1); at the bottom of the travelling oven (2); at the bottom of the stationary furnace (5); furnace charge stone funnel (8); protection carbon stone funnel (9); body of heater (12), burner port (14), smoke outlet (10); following water cooler (6); last water cooler (15) and conveying belt (7) are formed, and under the promotion of pushing device, move forward on (5) at the bottom of the stationary furnace (2) at the bottom of the travelling oven; spread furnace charge (3) earlier by stone funnel (8); use funnel (9) to repave protection carbon-coating (4) then in its surface, under the protection of carbon-coating, furnace charge is reduced into sponge iron after passing through cold zone burner hearth (11) and high-temperature zone burner hearth (13) roasting successively; burn gas; the thermal-flame of oil firing or burning coal infeeds in the stove from burner port (14), and flue gas discharges out of the furnace by smoke outlet (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95102176 CN1045313C (en) | 1995-03-13 | 1995-03-13 | Process and equipment for producing spongy iron |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95102176 CN1045313C (en) | 1995-03-13 | 1995-03-13 | Process and equipment for producing spongy iron |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1131195A CN1131195A (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| CN1045313C true CN1045313C (en) | 1999-09-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95102176 Expired - Fee Related CN1045313C (en) | 1995-03-13 | 1995-03-13 | Process and equipment for producing spongy iron |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1045313C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5951740A (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 1999-09-14 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Production of direct reduced iron with reduced fuel consumption and emission of carbon monoxide |
| CN101818225B (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2011-08-31 | 刘国林 | Method for producing direct reduced iron by stepping type monomer series-connected roasting furnace |
| CN102409127A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-04-11 | 唐山奥特斯科技有限公司 | Metal oxide high-temperature high bed direct reduction process |
| CN102978385B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-09-18 | 高金菊 | Carbon-containing pellet for blast furnace |
| CN106186365B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-04-30 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of biological sponge iron and its application in sewage treatment |
| CN109868362B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2024-02-13 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Ring type roasting machine |
-
1995
- 1995-03-13 CN CN 95102176 patent/CN1045313C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1131195A (en) | 1996-09-18 |
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