CN104531106B - 一种高效水合物抑制性环保钻井液 - Google Patents

一种高效水合物抑制性环保钻井液 Download PDF

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CN104531106B
CN104531106B CN201410764694.6A CN201410764694A CN104531106B CN 104531106 B CN104531106 B CN 104531106B CN 201410764694 A CN201410764694 A CN 201410764694A CN 104531106 B CN104531106 B CN 104531106B
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梁德青
徐永霞
龙臻
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高效水合物抑制性环保钻井液，具体涉及一种由水、膨润土、季铵盐型双子表面活性剂、无机盐、羧甲基淀粉钠、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、固体防塌润滑剂GFRH组成的钻井液，可用于陆地或海洋的油气资源开采，有效抑制水合物的生成，并且钻井液组分对环境危害小，具有高效、环保等优点。

Description

一种高效水合物抑制性环保钻井液
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效水合物抑制性钻井液，具体涉及一种由水、膨润土、季铵盐型双子表面活性剂、无机盐、羧甲基淀粉钠、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、固体防塌润滑剂GFRH组成的钻井液，主要用于解决深水钻井中天然气水合物的生成问题。
背景技术
深水油气钻探井下环境恶劣，操作条件复杂，如遇含气地层或者天然气水合物层，地层气或天然气水合物层的分解气窜入井筒及环空中，与钻井液中的自由水在合适的条件下就可能形成天然气水合物。水合物的生成使钻井压力不稳定，水合物生成使钻井液密度增加，钻井压力减小。若水合物随钻井液循环，生成的水合物在合适的温压条件下分解，分解释放出的大量气体会影响钻井压力，进而影响钻井作业的进行，增加作业成本。因此深水钻井作业中如何避免水合物生成，是深水钻井所面临的问题之一。
目前应用的深水钻井液体系组成复杂多样，普通处理剂对水合物生成的抑制作用微弱，因此国内外就钻井液中水合物抑制的研究集中于水合物抑制剂的使用。然而深水钻井中除面临天然气与钻井液生成水合物外，井壁稳定也是深水钻井必须克服的一大难题。鉴于此，研究者尝试从页岩抑制性钻井液处理剂着手，辅以适当的添加剂，并将所得钻井液体系进行水合物抑制性评价。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一个能够有效抑制水合物生成的钻井液，该钻井液体系成分简单对环境危害小，有效防止深水钻井中水合物的生成。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种高效水合物抑制性环保钻井液，包括如下重量百分比的组分：膨润土4％～10％、季铵盐型双子表面活性剂0.1％～1％、无机盐5％～10％、羧甲基淀粉钠2％～4％、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.2％～1％、固体防塌润滑剂GFRH 1％～4％，余量为水；
上述季铵盐型双子表面活性剂结构为：
其中，R为直链十二烷基C12H25，X—为卤素离子。
本发明钻井液中，无机盐选自氯化钠或氯化钾。羧甲基淀粉钠的分子量优选为350，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量优选为400万～1500万。固体防塌润滑剂GFRH优选润滑系数80％的改性石墨粉。
本发明配制的钻井液体系具有如下优点：
1.抑制效果好：季胺盐型双子表面活性剂与无机盐复合使用显著降低钻井液体系的浊点，与传统钻井液体系相比抑制剂加量少、抑制水合物生成效果好。
2.成本方面：季胺盐型双子表面活性剂不同于以往的钻井液组分，它具有显著杀菌效果的同时还能有效抑制金属腐蚀，因此能显著延长钻井液及钻井设备使用寿命，显著降低钻井成本。
3.环保方面：大部分钻井液组分易生物降解，对环境污染小。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步具体描述，但本发明的实施方式并不仅限于此。
实验装置主要部分由高压反应釜、搅拌装置、水浴及数据采集***组成。其中高压反应釜容积为570mL，最高工作压力为20MPa，反应釜底采用98-2磁力搅拌器，转速范围100～1800r/min。装置水浴采用乙二醇与水混合液，控制温度-10℃～0℃，控温精度为0.1℃；反应釜内的压力、温度、搅拌速率等参数可由计算机数据采集***自动采集和储存，温度测量精度0.01℃，压力测量精度为0.01MPa。
实施例1～4分别制备了不同配方的钻井液并测试了其水合物抑制性能，其中所用的季胺盐型双子表面活性剂结构为：
其中，R为直链十二烷基C12H25，X—为卤素离子。
所用羧甲基淀粉钠的分子量优选为350，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量优选为400万～1500万。固体防塌润滑剂GFRH优选润滑系数80％的改性石墨粉。
实施例1：
钻井液包括如下重量百分比的组分：膨润土4％，季胺盐型双子表面活性剂(X—＝Cl—)0.1％，氯化钠5.0％，羧甲基淀粉钠2.0％，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺CPAM(分子量400万)0.2％，固体防塌润滑剂GFRH 1％。实验压力15.0MPa，控制温度0℃，实验气体为纯度99.9％的甲烷，实验条件下120h始终没有水合物生成。
实施例2：
钻井液包括如下重量百分比的组分：膨润土6％，季胺盐型双子表面活性剂(X—＝Cl—)0.4％，氯化钠8.0％，羧甲基淀粉钠在2.0％，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺CPAM(分子量800万)0.5％，固体防塌润滑剂GFRH在2.0％。实验压力15.1MPa，控制温度-2.5℃，实验气体为纯度99.9％的甲烷，实验条件下120h始终没有水合物生成。
实施例3：
钻井液包括如下重量百分比的组分：膨润土8.0％，季胺盐型双子表面活性剂(X—＝Br—)0.7％，氯化钾8.0％，羧甲基淀粉钠3.0％，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺CPAM(分子量1200万)1.0％，固体防塌润滑剂GFRH在2.0％，实验压力15.0MPa，控制温度-4.0℃，实验气体为纯度99.9％的甲烷，实验条件下120h始终没有水合物生成。
实施例4：
钻井液包括如下重量百分比的组分：膨润土10.0％，季胺盐型双子表面活性剂(X—＝Br—)1.0％，氯化钾在10.0％，羧甲基淀粉钠4.0％，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺CPAM(分子量1500万)1.0％，固体防塌润滑剂GFRH 4.0％.实验压力15.2MPa，控制温度-4.0℃，实验气体为纯度99.9％的甲烷，实验条件下120h始终没有水合物生成。
本发明高效水合物抑制性钻井液，可用于陆地或海洋的油气资源开采，有效抑制水合物的生成，并且钻井液组分对环境危害小，具有高效、环保等优点。

Claims (3)

1.一种高效水合物抑制性环保钻井液，其特征在于，包括如下重量百分比的组分：膨润土4％～10％、季铵盐型双子表面活性剂0.1％～1％、无机盐5％～10％、羧甲基淀粉钠2％～4％、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.2％～1％、固体防塌润滑剂GFRH 1％～4％，余量为水；
所述无机盐选自氯化钠或氯化钾；
所述季铵盐型双子表面活性剂结构为：
其中，R为直链十二烷基，X—为卤素离子。
2.如权利要求书1所述的高效水合物抑制性钻井液，其特征在于，所述阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为400万～1500万。
3.如权利要求书1所述的高效水合物抑制性钻井液，其特征在于，所述固体防塌润滑剂GFRH为润滑系数80％的改性石墨粉。
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CN105542733B (zh) * 2015-12-15 2018-08-17 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种复合天然气水合物抑制剂
CN106010479B (zh) 2016-06-01 2017-05-24 中国石油大学(北京) 钻井液添加剂组合物及其应用以及油基钻井液及其应用
CN106085383B (zh) 2016-06-01 2017-07-04 中国石油大学(北京) 纳米杂化的润滑剂及其制备方法和应用以及油基钻井液及其应用
CN106634881B (zh) 2016-08-25 2017-11-14 中国石油大学(北京) 适用于油基钻井液降粘的添加剂组合物和应用以及油基钻井液和应用

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1269864A (zh) * 1997-09-09 2000-10-11 国际壳牌研究有限公司 抑制管道被气体水化物堵塞的方法和化合物
US20040159041A1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2004-08-19 Uwe Dahlmann Additives for inhibiting the formation of gas hydrates
CN101124384A (zh) * 2004-06-03 2008-02-13 贝克休斯公司 在用粘弹性表面活性剂胶凝化的液体中用于水合物抑制的添加剂
CN102234501A (zh) * 2010-04-27 2011-11-09 长江大学 海洋深水水基恒流变钻井液

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