CN104528934B - Short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment process thereof - Google Patents

Short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment process thereof Download PDF

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CN104528934B
CN104528934B CN201410734033.9A CN201410734033A CN104528934B CN 104528934 B CN104528934 B CN 104528934B CN 201410734033 A CN201410734033 A CN 201410734033A CN 104528934 B CN104528934 B CN 104528934B
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denitrification
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sewage
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CN104528934A (en
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范举红
刘锐
陈吕军
占新民
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Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Zhejiang
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment process thereof, this short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor comprises denitrification reaction pond, membrane module, described denitrification reaction pond is divided into the reaction chamber of plural serial stage, every order reaction chamber interior is divided into oxygen-starved area and aerobic area by flap wall, and both tops are all connected with bottom; Separated by perforated wall between adjacent two-stage reaction room, the through hole on perforated wall diminishes gradually along water (flow) direction aperture; Described membrane module is located in the aerobic area of final stage reaction chamber, and described short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor also comprises the aerating apparatus of the water distribution system that supplies water the anaerobic zone toward every order reaction room and the aerobic area bottom ventilation toward every order reaction room.This reactor can the internal circulation flow denitrification process of the inner sewage of realization response device, improves the denitrogenation processing effect of sewage.

Description

Short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological denitrification apparatus, belong to sewage treatment area, be specifically related to a kind of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment process thereof.
Background technology
After body eutrophication refers to that the elements such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus enter water body, impel the hydrobiont raised growth breedings such as algae, the speed that organism is produced, considerably beyond water body spending rate, causes organism savings in water body, destroys aquatic ecological balance.The performance of common comparatively serious body eutrophication has: the phenomenon such as " wawter bloom ", " red tide " occurs water body.Body eutrophication can polluted water resources, has a strong impact on the daily life of the mankind, however the body eutrophication of the overwhelming majority be all due in human activity process to the water body input element such as nitrogen, phosphorus in water body enrichment cause.Therefore, in order to prevent body eutrophication, first should reduce or block the pollutent being rich in the external nutrition such as nitrogen, phosphorus material to water body input because of mankind's activity.
In recent years, have large amount of sewage treatment facility in large-scale construction, also use biological denitrification process simultaneously, its object is all, cut down the pollutent being rich in the external nutrition such as nitrogen, phosphorus material to water body input because of mankind's activity, and then water prevention pollutes.Traditional biological denitrification process comprises A 2/ O, A/O, oxidation ditch, SBR and mutation, UCT etc., its ultimate principle is that organonitrogen is being converted into ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N) basis on, first utilize aerobic section by the synergy of nitrobacteria and nitrite bacteria, ammonia nitrogen be converted into nitrite nitrogen (N-NO by nitrification 2 -), nitric nitrogen (N-NO 3 -).Again under anoxic conditions by denitrification by N-NO 2 -, N-NO 3 -be converted into nitrogen (N 2), overflow the water surface and be discharged into air, participate in the circulation of nature nitrogen.Reduce nitrogen content in water, reduce the potentially danger of water outlet, reach and cut down nitrogen element object in water.
Denitrifying bacteria belongs to heterotroph facultative anaerobe, with NO under the condition of anaerobism x-N is electron acceptor(EA), take organism as electron donor.Carbon source is a kind of material indispensable in denitrification process, and the C/N of water inlet directly affects biological denitrificaion efficiencies of nitrogen removal.When intake C/N lower than 3.4 time, the problem facing carbon source deficiency cannot be realized biological denitrificaion by traditional biological denitrification process, if the mode such as extraneous methanol, sodium acetate supplementary carbon source, adopt additional carbon measure that is a large amount of, that continue, will the remarkable increase of cost of sewage disposal be caused again.Further, the C/N of breeding wastewater, percolate, wastewater from chemical industry and urban sanitary sewage is far below this value, and traditional biological denitrification process will be difficult to realize denitrogenation object.In addition, A 2in/O, A/O, oxidation ditch, SBR and the traditional biological such as mutation, UCT denitrification process framework combinations thereof, the backflow containing multiple mud and mixed solution, adds the complicacy of system, improves capital construction and working cost; Denitrification process is many to energy consumption, and these all do not meet the requirement of environment low-carbon (LC) Sustainable development.
So, for high-concentration ammonia-nitrogen, the low C/N waste water such as breeding wastewater, percolate, wastewater from chemical industry that extensively exist, develop a kind of low cost input, continuable efficient denitrification reactor, improve the removal effect of biological denitrificaion, reduce processing cost, will more meet the trend of environment low-carbon (LC) Sustainable development.
Authorization Notice No. be CN101863586B application discloses a kind of membrane bioreactor for denitrogenation and sewage denitrification method thereof, this membrane bioreactor comprises the water outlet that reaction tank is connected with the membrane module in reaction tank and membrane module, a water-in and a phegma entrance is respectively equipped with bottom reaction tank, be divided into the little Chi of five series connection in described membrane bioreactor by four pieces of vertical flow aprons, water-in is connected with the first anoxic pond; First anoxic pond is communicated with Aerobic Pond by the baffling outlet of upper end, is provided with the first aerating apparatus bottom Aerobic Pond; Aerobic Pond and then communicated with the second anoxic pond by the outlet of the baffling of lower end; Second anoxic pond is communicated with anaerobic pond by the baffling outlet of upper end again; Last anaerobic pond is communicated with membrane cisterna by the baffling outlet of lower end, is provided with the second aerating apparatus bottom membrane cisterna; There is the vertical membrane module placed in membrane cisterna, and have water outlet to be connected with membrane cisterna; The bottom of membrane cisterna is also provided with mud discharging mouth, and is connected with sludge pump; The top of membrane cisterna is also provided with phegma outlet, and is connected to the phegma entrance bottom the first anoxic pond by reflux pump; Wherein, the volumetric ratio of the little Chi of five series connection is 1:1:1:1:1 ~ 3, and the aeration rate of the first aerating apparatus and the ratio of Aerobic Pond volume are 2-4.5h -1, the aeration rate of the second aerating apparatus and the ratio of membrane cisterna volume are 3 ~ 7h -1.
Although this membrane bioreactor can realize advanced nitrogen process, can alleviate fouling membrane, and utilize film efficiently retain stalling characteristic, the water quality of filtering water outlet is good; But, the sewage water denitrification treatment progress of this membrane bioreactor is too short, and sewage is uniflux in membrane bioreactor, easily cause sewage water denitrification process insufficient, wastewater treatment efficiency is not good, especially for high-concentration ammonia-nitrogen, low C/N waste water such as breeding wastewater, percolate, wastewater from chemical industry, treatment effect more has much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment process thereof, this reactor can the internal circulation flow denitrification process of the inner sewage of realization response device, improves the denitrogenation processing effect of sewage.
A kind of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor, comprise denitrification reaction pond, membrane module, described denitrification reaction pond is divided into the reaction chamber of plural serial stage, and every order reaction chamber interior is divided into oxygen-starved area and aerobic area by flap wall, and both tops are all connected with bottom; Separated by perforated wall between adjacent two-stage reaction room, the through hole on perforated wall diminishes gradually along water (flow) direction aperture; Described membrane module is located in the aerobic area of final stage reaction chamber, and described short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor also comprises the aerating apparatus of the water-distributing device that supplies water the anaerobic zone toward every order reaction room and the aerobic area bottom ventilation toward every order reaction room.
Be provided with biological selector in described oxygen-starved area, by selector switch, selectivity carried out to microorganism and cultivate to prevent from sludge bulking phenomenon occurs in sewage treatment process, thus affect the carrying out of sewage and active sludge intermixture internal recycle in reaction chamber.
In the aeration process of aerobic area, pressurized air discharges in aerobic area by aerating apparatus, due to wrapped folder in water of the pushing effect of gas and pressurized air and mixing effect, the mixed solution density of water and gas is made to reduce and upwards flow, and in the process climbing over flap wall, arrive liquid level, now gas-liquid separation, the bubble effusion water surface, and liquid climbs in biological selector that flap wall enters oxygen-starved area and mixes with the sewage entered from water-distributing device, proceed sewage water denitrification treating processes.Because oxygen-starved area is not connected with aerating apparatus, thus the mixed solution of sewage and active sludge because relative density increases to sinking, and reenter aerobic area.So, the mixed solution of sewage and active sludge in aerobic area on flow, flow downward in oxygen-starved area, form unpowered internal recycle system, wherein, in oxygen-starved area and aerobic area, namely the density difference of mixed solution is the internally-powered of circulation, mixed solution can in oxygen-starved area and aerobic area alternate cycles, thus improve the effect of sewage disposal.
The bottom of described flap wall is provided with the flap being folded to oxygen compatibility pool.The bottom of described oxygen-starved area is provided with the water conservancy diversion slope be obliquely installed away from side, aerobic area.Flap and arranging of water conservancy diversion slope all can play sewage guide functions, avoid in region that bottom part of contaminated water hill reaction room, oxygen-starved area and aerobic area communicate, thus affect carrying out smoothly of internal recycle system.
Described flap coping is provided with adjustable for height weir plate.This weir plate can move up and down on flap wall, when weir plate moves to extreme higher position, consistent with liquid level flap wall, the Height Adjustable sewage of adjustment weir plate and active sludge intermixture from the flow the process of inflow oxygen-starved area, top, aerobic area, thus make the denitrification effect of the internal recycle denitrification system of reaction chamber inside better.
Because gas is different from the density of liquid, the effect that liquid can be subject to gravity moves downward, and gas moves upward, gas upwards can be attached on reducing wall surface of the hole, and become large direction along aperture and move, be back in aerobic area, gas backstreaming ratio is greater than 100%, thus makes the gas in oxygen compatibility pool district together can not enter the oxygen-starved area of next stage along perforated wall with liquid.As preferably, the through hole of described perforated wall and the angle of horizontal direction are 30 ~ 60 °, and the water inlet inlet end of through hole is higher than exit end.
The anaerobic zone of first step reaction chamber is provided with mud return mouth, and the aerobic area of last step reaction chamber is provided with mud discharging mouth.Short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor of the present invention, except comprising denitrification reaction pond, membrane module, water-distributing device and aerating apparatus, is also provided with sludge refluxing apparatus and device for discharging sludge; The entrance end of described sludge refluxing apparatus is connected with the aerobic area of final stage reaction chamber, and exit end is connected with the oxygen-starved area of first step reaction chamber; One end of described device for discharging sludge communicates with the aerobic area of final stage reaction chamber.
Present invention also offers a kind of sewage treatment process of described short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor, sewage is passed into the oxygen-starved area of reaction chamber at different levels by water distribution system, by aerating system aeration bottom aerobic area, sewage is made to carry out cycling denitrification in oxygen-starved area and aerobic area, after denitrogenation processing terminates, sewage flows out after membrane bioreactor filters.
As preferably, the hydraulic detention time controlling oxygen-starved area is 0.5 ~ 3.0h, and the hydraulic detention time of aerobic area is 1.0 ~ 5.0h.
Traditional complete nitrification-denitrification biological denitrogenation approach is:
NH 4 +-N→NO 2 --N→NO 3 --N→NO 2 --N→N 2
Short-cut nitrification-denitrification biological denitrificaion approach is:
NH 4 +-N→NO 2 --N→N 2
Compared with traditional complete nitrification-denitrification biological denitrogenation approach, the short-cut nitrification-denitrification approach that the present invention adopts has saved NO 2 --N → NO 3 -the oxygen-consumption of-N, saving oxygen-supplying amount can reach more than 25%, in denitrification process, also can save carbon source 40%, saves working cost.
In order to be conducive to the generation of short-cut nitrification-denitrification process, as preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration of aerobic area is less than 1.5mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of oxygen-starved area is less than 0.5mg/L, and in described oxygen-starved area, the concentration of free ammonia is 9 ~ 300mg/L, and pH value is 7.0-9.0.Above-mentioned requirements is reached by the dissolved oxygen concentration controlling aeration rate and the Height Adjustable oxygen-starved area of weir plate and aerobic area.By controlling the open degree of water distribution branch line valve, the flooding velocity of adjustable oxygen-starved area, thus make the concentration of free ammonia in oxygen-starved area control in above-mentioned scope, the concentration of this free ammonia is greater than the threshold value of NOB transformation, lower than the threshold value of ammonia oxidation bacteria trans-utilization, can ensure that the denitrification process in reactor of the present invention is short-cut nitrification-denitrification biological denitrificaion approach.
Except the concentration of dissolved oxygen in control reactor and the concentration of free ammonia, the pH value that also should control reactor is in 7.0 ~ 9.0 scopes, and the flow velocity controlling through hole on effluent stream perforated wall by changing hole size is 3 ~ 10m/min, make ammonia oxidation bacteria in reactor become dominant microflora, realize NO 2 -the accumulation of-N, ensures that denitrification process is short-cut nitrification-denitrification biological denitrificaion approach.
In the present invention, in reactor, the mensuration of the dissolved oxygen concentration of liquid, the concentration of free ammonia and pH value all adopts conventional determining means.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention passes through the setting of flap wall and perforated wall, short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor has been separated into the reactor of multistage oxygen-starved area and aerobic area alternate communication, and aeration is passed in aerobic area, sewage is passed in oxygen-starved area, utilize the density difference of mixed solution, whole reactor is made to achieve the process of oxygen-starved area and aerobic area internal recycle denitrogenation, the denitrogenation flow process of sewage in reactor of the present invention is extended, denitrification effect improves, and the effluent quality finally obtained is better;
(2) the present invention arranges biological selector in oxygen-starved area, ammonia oxidation bacteria in reactor is made to become dominant microflora, not only can realize short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrification process, process high ammonia nitrogen, low C/N waste water, also avoid the expansion issues of active sludge in denitrogenation processing process, and then ensure that active sludge circulate in reactor internal recycle denitrification system of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure side view of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top plan view of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor of the present invention;
1, water distribution branch line; 2, control valve; 3, one-level oxygen-starved area; 4, one-level aerobic area; 5, flap wall; 6, flap; 7, weir plate; 8, water conservancy diversion slope; 9, perforated wall; 10, secondary oxygen-starved area; 11, secondary aerobic area; 12, Pyatyi oxygen-starved area; 13, Pyatyi aerobic area; 14, membrane module; 15, aerating apparatus; 16, air-supply duct and valve; 17, sludge refluxing apparatus; 18, device for discharging sludge; 19, mud discharging device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor, is made up of water-distributing device, denitrification reaction pond, membrane module 14, aerating apparatus 15, sludge refluxing apparatus 17 and device for discharging sludge 18.
Denitrification reaction pond is divided into Pyatyi reaction chamber, and be connected successively between each reaction chamber and separated by perforated wall 9, every order reaction chamber interior is divided into oxygen-starved area and aerobic area by flap wall 5, and 3 in figure is one-level oxygen-starved area, and 4 is one-level aerobic area.One-level is set to biological selecting area in oxygen-starved area, and the bottom of oxygen-starved area is provided with the water conservancy diversion slope 8 be obliquely installed, and the guide face on water conservancy diversion slope 8 is towards flap wall 5.The top of flap wall 5 is positioned at below liquid level, and bottom is provided with the flap 6 being folded to aerobic area, and flap 6 and reaction tank bottom water plane keep the angle of 60 °, and horizontal clearance is 30cm.The top of flap wall 5 is provided with weir plate 7, by controlling the height of weir plate 7, regulates the mixed solution flowing through weir plate 7 from the flow the process of inflow oxygen-starved area, top, aerobic area; The bottom of aerobic area, every order reaction room is equipped with aerating apparatus 15; Membrane module 14 is provided with in the Pyatyi aerobic area 13 of level V reaction chamber.The through hole of perforated wall 9 and the angle of horizontal direction are 30 ~ 60 °, and the water inlet inlet end of through hole is higher than exit end.
In the aeration process of aerobic area, pressurized air discharges in aerobic area by aerating apparatus, due to wrapped folder in water of the pushing effect of gas and pressurized air and mixing effect, the mixed solution density of water and gas is made to reduce and upwards flow, and in the process climbing over weir plate, arrive liquid level, now gas-liquid separation, the bubble effusion water surface, and liquid climbs in biological selector that weir plate enters oxygen-starved area and mixes with the sewage entered from water-distributing device, proceed sewage treatment process.Because oxygen-starved area with without aerating apparatus is not connected, thus the mixed solution of sewage and active sludge because relative density increases to sinking, and reenter aerobic area.So, the mixed solution of sewage and active sludge in aerobic area on flow, flow downward in oxygen-starved area, form unpowered internal recycle system.
Application examples 1
The existing technique of certain garbage incinerating power plant percolate process is " equalizing tank+preliminary sedimentation tank+upflow type anaerobic multiple-hearth+oxidation ditch+MBR " technique, and designing treatment scale is 600m 3/ d, actual treatment amount is 400 ~ 500m 3/ d, its Inlet and outlet water water quality refers to table 1.
For improving denitrification effect, adopt the pilot plant of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor of the present invention, for certain garbage incinerating power plant percolate process, pilot plant process flow is 24m 3/ d.
In the start-up course of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor, first clear water is reinjected extremely completely inject the percolate of 1/10 in short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor first order reaction room after, inoculation has the active sludge of good nitrification activity, by aerating apparatus to aerobic area aeration, and start sludge refluxing apparatus, weir plate 7 is adjusted to height lower than flap wall, continuous aeration to ammonia nitrogen concentration is after 10 ~ 30mg/L, starts to intake to run continuously.The discharge of sewage that water distribution props up spool is respectively 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% from first step reaction chamber to the sewage allocation proportion of level V reaction chamber.The available depth of oxygen-starved area and aerobic area is 4.5m, and control at 0.5 ~ 3.0h by the hydraulic detention time of oxygen-starved area, the hydraulic detention time of aerobic area controls at 1.0 ~ 5.0h.Regulate aeration rate, make the dissolved oxygen concentration DO<1.5mg/L in oxygen compatibility pool, regulate the height of weir plate, change the allocation proportion of mixed solution in oxygen-starved area and aerobic area, make the dissolved oxygen concentration DO<0.5mg/L of oxygen-starved area.Regulate through-hole aperture, make the flow velocity of through hole on effluent stream perforated wall be 3 ~ 10m/min, the aperture of through hole is DN150.
Measure the water quality condition at turnover short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor and percolate plant effluent place respectively, result is as follows:
Table 1:
From the above results, the effluent quality of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor of the present invention is obviously better than the water outlet at conventional Refuse Leachate Treatment Plant oxidation ditch place, TN, COD of the water outlet of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor crindex is obviously better than the oxidation ditch process water outlet of Refuse Leachate Treatment Plant, and TP removal effect is also better.

Claims (7)

1. the sewage treatment process of a short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor, it is characterized in that, sewage is passed into the oxygen-starved area of reaction chamber at different levels by water distribution system, by aerating apparatus aeration bottom aerobic area, sewage is made to carry out cycling denitrification in oxygen-starved area and aerobic area, after denitrogenation processing terminates, sewage flows out after membrane bioreactor filters;
Wherein, the hydraulic detention time controlling oxygen-starved area is 0.5 ~ 3.0h, and the hydraulic detention time of aerobic area is 1.0 ~ 5.0h; The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerobic area is less than 1.5mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of oxygen-starved area is less than 0.5mg/L, and in described oxygen-starved area, the concentration of free ammonia is 9 ~ 300mg/L, and pH value is 7.0-9.0;
Described short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor, comprise denitrification reaction pond, membrane module, described denitrification reaction pond is divided into the reaction chamber of plural serial stage, and every order reaction chamber interior is divided into oxygen-starved area and aerobic area by flap wall, and both tops are all connected with bottom; Separated by perforated wall between adjacent two-stage reaction room, the through hole on perforated wall diminishes gradually along water (flow) direction aperture; Described membrane module is located in the aerobic area of final stage reaction chamber, and described short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor also comprises the aerating apparatus of the water distribution system that supplies water the anaerobic zone toward every order reaction room and the aerobic area bottom ventilation toward every order reaction room.
2. sewage treatment process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom of described flap wall is provided with the flap being folded to oxygen compatibility pool.
3. sewage treatment process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flap coping is provided with adjustable for height weir plate.
4. sewage treatment process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom of described oxygen-starved area is provided with the water conservancy diversion slope be obliquely installed away from side, aerobic area.
5. sewage treatment process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the through hole of described perforated wall and the angle of horizontal direction are 30 ~ 60 °, and the water inlet inlet end of through hole is higher than exit end.
6. sewage treatment process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the anaerobic zone of first step reaction chamber is provided with mud return mouth, and the aerobic area of last step reaction chamber is provided with mud discharging mouth.
7. the sewage treatment process of short-cut nitrification-denitrification denitrogenation membrane bioreactor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the flow velocity controlling through hole on effluent stream perforated wall is 3 ~ 10m/min.
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