CN104524291A - 制备用于猪瘟的药物制剂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备用于猪瘟的药物制剂的方法,所述制剂由下述原料制备:白术30份、板蓝根30份、荆芥30份、竹叶25份、秦皮25份、苦参25份、黄柏25份、蒲公英20份、穿心莲20份、延胡索20份、栀子花15份、桑白皮15份、枇杷叶15份、连翘15份、厚朴10份、车前子10份、枳实7份、黄连7份、葛根5份、柴胡5份、知母5份、牡丹皮5份,本发明方法制备的药物制剂标本兼治,有效率显著,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽医兽药技术领域,具体地涉及一种制备用于猪瘟的药物制剂的方法。
背景技术
猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种高度传染性和致死性疫病,其特征为高热稽留和小血管变性引起的广泛出血、梗塞和坏死。感染猪瘟病毒的猪抗病力降低,极易并发或继发猪肺疫。尤其是在寒冷、潮湿、冷热交替、天气剧变、拥挤、通风不良等不良条件下,使猪体抵抗力降低,可引起巴氏杆菌大量繁殖,毒力增强而发病,如不及时控制,可造成猪只大批死亡。 俗称“烂肠瘟”,是威胁养猪业的主要传染病之一,临床症状病猪精神沉郁,体温升高到40℃~41.5℃。呈稽留热,食欲减退甚至废绝,眼流浓性分泌物。可视黏膜发绀。病初便秘,后拉稀,恶臭带血并混有白色黏膜。全身发红,耳尖、腹部、颈部及四肢皮肤有紫斑,指压不退色。公猪***有混浊尿液,颈部肿胀坚硬,触之敏感。病猪咳嗽,呼吸困难,叫声嘶哑,鼻流出浆液性或黏稠分泌物,个别猪鼻孔流出带血泡沫,严重的呈犬坐式张口呼吸,终因窒息死亡。病理变化基本相似,全身***肿大,出血,呈暗红色;胃底部黏膜、膀胱黏膜出血;脾脏表面有丘状小点出血和绿豆大小暗紫色的出血梗死,表面有针尖大出血点;回盲瓣、盲肠及结肠黏膜有钮扣状溃疡;喉头有出血斑和出血点;心冠脂肪、心内膜有出血点。
本病在自然条件下只感染猪,不同年龄、性别、品种的猪和野猪都易感,一年四季均可发生;病猪是主要传染源,病猪***物和分泌物,病死猪和脏器及尸体、及宰病猪的血、肉、内脏、废水、废料污染的饲料,饮水都可散播病毒,猪瘟的传播主要通过接触,经消化道感染;此外,患病和弱毒株感染的母猪也可以经胎盘垂直感染胎儿,产生弱仔猪、死胎、木乃伊胎等。
现有技术中,治疗猪瘟病常用的化学试剂,如次硝酸铋、硫酸镁、硫酸纳、美兰等,但其疗效不太理想。传统的中草药或汤剂及西药不能快速有效的治疗猪瘟。而由于长期滥用抗生素、化学药品以及使用常规药物,使用剂量大大增加而疗效却有所下降,增加了药物在仔猪体内的残留及其毒副作用对人体的危害,增加养殖成本,降低我国猪肉出口的竞争力。
瘟疫在中国史料中早有记载。如《周礼·天官·冢宰》记载:“疾医掌养万民之疾病,四时皆有疠疾。”《吕氏春秋·季春纪》记载:“季春行夏令,则民多疾疫。”说明当时对瘟疫的认识已经达到了一定水平,认为温疫一年四季皆可发生,原因之一是由于时令之气的不正常,是由“非时之气”造成的。现存最早的中医古籍《黄帝内经》也有记载。如《素问·刺法论》指出:“五疫之至,皆向染易,无问大小,病状相似……,正气存内,邪不可干,避其毒气。”《素问·本能病》篇:“厥阴不退位,即大风早举,时雨不降,湿令不化,民病温疫,疵废。风生,民病皆肢节痛、头目痛,伏热内烦,咽喉干引饮。”指出温疫具有传染性、流行性、临床表现相似、发病与气候有关等特点,并认为只要“正气存内”,就能“避其毒气”。
祖国医学两千余年前就对瘟疫有了认识,并提出合理的防范和治疗,如周代《礼记.月令》记载“孟春行秋令则民病大疫”,《黄帝内经》中有“五疫之至皆相传与无问大小病状相似”明确提出了疫病的传染性和流行特点,另外青蒿治疟疾的方法至今被国际上公认是世界上抗疟的专用药,结合这次“甲流”防治中,国家***明确提出中医药参与防治方案更加证明了我国传统中医药在防治瘟疫中的地位和作用,因此开发低毒有效的防治猪瘟疫的中药配方为现有技术的主要研究方向。
发明内容
本发明参考祖国医学对猪瘟机理的认识以及治疗的宝贵经验,参阅已有合理组方,辨证论治,按照中国药典及药理配伍,推陈致新有所增益,辨证论治一直是中医药治疗疾病的核心理论,如何针对主要病机用药同时兼顾次要病机,兼顾共性与个性的治疗,从而最大程度体现中医治疗疾病的内涵与外延,是中成药配伍的一个现实难题。
祖国医学内容十分丰富,有些中药具有抗菌和抗病毒的功能,有些中药具有提高免疫能力和提高抵抗寒冷的能力。合理地配置中药复方可以同时兼顾多种功能:抗菌和抗病毒、提高免疫能力和抵抗寒冷的能力,从而产生良好的预防和治疗猪瘟的临床效果。
为实现本发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
制备用于猪瘟的药物制剂的方法,所述药物制剂由下述重量配比的原料制备而得:
白术30份、板蓝根30份、荆芥30份、竹叶25份、秦皮25份、
苦参25份、黄柏25份、蒲公英20份、穿心莲20份、延胡索20份、
栀子花15份、桑白皮15份、枇杷叶15份、连翘15份、厚朴10份、
车前子10份、枳实7份、黄连7份、葛根5份、柴胡5份、知母5份、牡丹皮5份。
其制备方法为:
1按照重量配比称取原料,取白术、秦皮、苦参、黄柏、穿心莲、厚朴、黄连、柴胡、牡丹皮按所述比例混合,研磨粉碎,过80-100目筛制备药物粉末;
2)取其余原料药用70%乙醇浸泡2小时,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物;
均匀上述步骤制备的粉末和复合物,制备本申请的药物制剂。
本发明药物的组分均采用天然的中药原料,其配制简便,药源广泛,成本低廉,其采用不同的提取方法最大限度的获得其有效成分,遵循中医的处方用药原则,诸药合用,相得益彰,具有清热解毒、凉血泻火、利湿除烦、涤肠通腑、顺气扶正、调和肝脾等功效,本发明的治疗猪瘟病的中药组合物,用于治疗猪瘟病,有较好的疗效。
具体实施方式
实施例1
制备用于猪瘟的药物制剂的方法,所述药物制剂由下述重量配比的原料制备而得:
白术30份、板蓝根30份、荆芥30份、竹叶25份、秦皮25份、
苦参25份、黄柏25份、蒲公英20份、穿心莲20份、延胡索20份、
栀子花15份、桑白皮15份、枇杷叶15份、连翘15份、厚朴10份、
车前子10份、枳实7份、黄连7份、葛根5份、柴胡5份、知母5份、牡丹皮5份。
其制备方法为:
1按照重量配比称取原料,取白术、秦皮、苦参、黄柏、穿心莲、厚朴、黄连、柴胡、牡丹皮按所述比例混合,研磨粉碎,过80目筛制备药物粉末;
2)取其余原料药用70%(v/v)乙醇浸泡2小时,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物;
均匀步骤1)制备的粉末和步骤2)制备的复合物,制备本申请的药物制剂。
使用方法:按照2g/Kg的量加入猪饲料,分早、中、晚三次饲喂。
饲喂时,将本发明的药物组合物加入到一定适量的精饲料中,搅拌均匀,并保持温度适中,然后,进行灌服。一般情况下,饲喂三至四天即可痊愈,个别情况饲喂五至六天即可痊愈。治疗过程中,还应该注意:一是迅速隔离群猪,需要将没有感染的健康猪与已感染的病猪隔离开来,在新的猪圈内要严格消毒灭菌;二是注意防风防潮并注意通风良好。
实施例2
选取250头感染猪瘟的猪,症状表现为:无名高热,食欲减退或消失,发生眼结膜炎并有脓性分泌物,鼻腔常流出脓性粘液,间有呕吐,便血;耳根、腹部、股内侧的皮肤常有许多点状出血或较大红点。肠系膜***肿胀,常出现出血性肠炎,以大肠粘膜中的钮扣状溃疡。将其平均分为两组,组1给予本发明实施例1制备的药物制剂,按照2g/Kg的量加入猪饲料;组2给常规药物清瘟败毒散,用量按照说明书,
疗效评定标准:
治愈:症状完全消失,主要理化检查指标正常;
好转:与治疗前相比各方面症状有所改善;
无明显效果:与治疗前相比各方面症状均无明显改善。
其病例统计见下表:
表1病例统计
编号 | 组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 好转 | 无明显效果 | 显效率 |
1 | 实验组(实施例1制备的药物) | 120 | 98 | 16 | 6 | 95% |
2 | 清瘟败毒散组 | 130 | 39 | 10 | 81 | 37.6% |
经本发明给药组用药后,病猪采食量明显上升,粪便恢复正常,各病症逐渐消失,由上表可知,本发明药物用于治疗猪瘟取得良好效果,显效率达95%。
典型例:
某养殖场,共137头猪,发猪瘟猪43头,用本发明实施例1制备的药物制剂4天治愈,其余猪预防,用本发明药剂按用量拌食饲喂,无发病。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.制备用于猪瘟的药物制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
1)按照重量份称取下述原料备用;其中,
白术30份、板蓝根30份、荆芥30份、竹叶25份、秦皮25份、
苦参25份、黄柏25份、蒲公英20份、穿心莲20份、延胡索20份、
栀子花15份、桑白皮15份、枇杷叶15份、连翘15份、厚朴10份、
车前子10份、枳实7份、黄连7份、葛根5份、柴胡5份、
知母5份、牡丹皮5份;
2)取白术、秦皮、苦参、黄柏、穿心莲、厚朴、黄连、柴胡、牡丹皮,混合,研磨粉碎,过80-100目筛制备粉末;
3)取其余原料,用70%乙醇浸泡2小时,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物;
4)将步骤2)制备的粉末和步骤3)制备的复合物混合均匀即得。
2.权利要求所述方法用于防治猪瘟的用途。
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