CN104520658B - For regulating method and the refrigeration plant of the compressor of refrigeration plant - Google Patents

For regulating method and the refrigeration plant of the compressor of refrigeration plant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104520658B
CN104520658B CN201380041745.6A CN201380041745A CN104520658B CN 104520658 B CN104520658 B CN 104520658B CN 201380041745 A CN201380041745 A CN 201380041745A CN 104520658 B CN104520658 B CN 104520658B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
motor
compressor
temperature
valve
cooling
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201380041745.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104520658A (en
Inventor
X·彭
U·克瑞特施姆
C·埃尔维恩
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Ke Liwan Industry-Electronics Co Ltd
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Ke Liwan Industry-Electronics Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from DE102012107183.7A external-priority patent/DE102012107183B4/en
Priority claimed from DE102012108983.3A external-priority patent/DE102012108983B4/en
Application filed by Ke Liwan Industry-Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Ke Liwan Industry-Electronics Co Ltd
Publication of CN104520658A publication Critical patent/CN104520658A/en
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Publication of CN104520658B publication Critical patent/CN104520658B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/008—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for protective arrangements according to this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/04—Carter parameters
    • F04B2201/0402—Lubricating oil temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/04—Carter parameters
    • F04B2201/0403—Carter housing temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/08—Cylinder or housing parameters
    • F04B2201/0801—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/077—Compressor control units, e.g. terminal boxes, mounted on the compressor casing wall containing for example starter, protection switches or connector contacts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2521—On-off valves controlled by pulse signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37429—Temperature of motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method of the compressor with motor for regulating refrigeration plant, wherein, if the temperature in compressor has exceeded upper temperature threshold, the regulation of the temperature to cooling position is then realized by switching on and off the operation of motor, and once motor is cooled to lower temperature threshold, just the temperature of cooling position is adjusted by being continuously switched on the operation of motor, wherein, control system would correspond to cool down the regulated quantity of the refrigeration demand of position and is transformed into the switching signal for valve at this, this switching signal plays the effect periodically opening and closing valve, or converter controls to flow through the refrigerant flow of compressor by voltage and the frequency of governor motor, the regulated quantity of the refrigeration demand that converter would correspond to cooling position is converted into voltage and the frequency of motor.

Description

Method for regulating a compressor of a refrigeration device and refrigeration device
The invention relates to a method for controlling a compressor of a refrigeration device having a motor, and to a refrigeration device.
In conventional refrigeration systems, in addition to the compressor, a regulator is provided for determining the current refrigeration requirement of the cooling point. If the regulator determines an increased cooling demand, the regulator controls the compressor to increase its power. In a refrigeration system with an inverter at the compressor, an inverter is provided in addition to the compressor and the regulator for determining the current refrigeration requirement of the cooling point, which inverter can vary the rotational speed of the compressor motor between a lower rotational speed and an upper rotational speed. If the regulator determines an increased cooling demand, the regulator controls the compressor to an increased power by matching the rotational speed and thus the delivered refrigerant flow.
Furthermore, it is known to equip the refrigeration appliance with a motor protection circuit to monitor at least one parameter characteristic of the operation of the compressor, such as the winding temperature of the motor, wherein exceeding or falling below a predetermined temperature threshold causes the compressor to be switched off. Such a motor protection circuit is known, for example, from 102005052042 a 1. The triggering of the motor protection means a forced interruption of the refrigeration circuit and therefore may have enormous consequences. Furthermore, due to the triggering, the restart (automatic or manual) is associated with uncertainty. Some manufacturers of compressors allow the compressor to continue to operate in this situation only when the reason is clear or eliminated. Such shut-offs are particularly annoying when there is no actual component damage or no malfunction in the system, but only because of the increased need for cooling the location.
Thus, DE 102005052042 a1 provides that the current operating state of the compressor is taken into account in the power control of the compressor. Thereby, even though the compressor is running shortly before the cut-off threshold, the introduction of a further power boost can be avoided.
Furthermore, a method for regulating the power of a compressor of a refrigeration device is known from DE 102004048940 a1, wherein the compressor has a pneumatic or hydraulic servo device for intermittently interrupting the feed of refrigerant to the suction chamber. Furthermore, the compressor has a regulator, by means of which a pulse-width-modulated switching signal can be generated for a pneumatic or hydraulic servo for regulating the intermittent interruption of the refrigerant feed. The duty cycle for controlling the pneumatic or hydraulic servo can be adapted to the requirements of the cooling position.
Such compressors are known from DE 69928055T 2 and US 2009/0205349 a1, which regulate the coolant flow via pulse-width-modulated switching signals. It is proposed in US 6,925,823B 2 to operate the compressor with a reduced load when a first system state is reached and to switch off the compressor only when a second system state is reached, in order to delay the switch-off time. DE 10064218 a1 describes a method for regulating a cooler which comprises at least one compressor and at least two separate cooling chambers for different temperatures.
A control system for controlling a valve located on the inlet side of a compressor is described in EP 1710435B 1, which control system produces an open or closed interval. The two intervals together form a switching interval, wherein the switching interval is to be shorter than a minimum duration of 10% increase in temperature at the evaporator in the refrigeration system upon interruption of the incoming flow.
However, the timed opening and closing of the valve also has the following disadvantages: the amount of refrigerant flow that normally flows through and cools the motor is correspondingly reduced. Thereby, the cooling of the motor in the compressor becomes poor, which may pose a risk of switching off the motor through the motor protection circuit.
The object of the present invention is to further delay or prevent the response of the motor protection circuit by improving the method for controlling the compressor of a refrigeration device and the refrigeration device having a compressor.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 12, 13 and 19.
In the method according to the invention, according to a first embodiment, the refrigerant flow through the compressor is controlled by means of at least one valve and the temperature of the cooling location is adjusted thereby, wherein
-also measuring and analyzing at least one temperature in the compressor, and
-the regulation of the temperature of the cooling location is achieved by an on-off operation of the motor when the temperature in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold, an
The temperature of the cooling point is regulated by the continuously switched-on operation of the motor as soon as the motor cools down to the lower temperature threshold, wherein the control system then converts the regulating quantity corresponding to the cooling demand of the cooling point into a switching signal for the valve, which switching signal acts to periodically open and close the valve.
The refrigeration appliance according to the invention according to a first embodiment is substantially composed of at least the following components:
-a compressor driven by a motor (1a) for compressing a refrigerant,
-a valve regulating the flow of refrigerant through the compressor,
-a regulator for generating a regulating quantity in dependence on the refrigeration requirement of the cooling location, and
a control system connected to and controlling the regulator and the valve to regulate the temperature of the cooling location,
wherein,
furthermore, a temperature measuring device for determining at least one temperature in the compressor is provided, which is arranged in or at the motor and is connected to the control system, and
the control system is connected to the motor and is designed such that it is able to control the motor
-the regulation of the temperature of the cooling location is achieved by an on-off operation of the motor when the temperature in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold, an
The temperature of the cooling point is regulated by the continuously switched-on operation of the motor as soon as the motor cools down to the lower temperature threshold, wherein the control system then converts the regulating quantity corresponding to the cooling demand of the cooling point into a switching signal for the valve, which switching signal acts to periodically open and close the valve.
According to the invention, the switching signal for the valve is not only adapted to the refrigeration demand of the cooling location, but also takes into account at least one temperature in the compressor in order to prevent premature switching off of the compressor due to the response of the motor protection circuit. In DE 102005052042 a1, the temperature in the compressor is also measured, wherein no conventional control algorithm is used from a certain temperature threshold. Furthermore, provision is made for the power for operating the compressor to be returned independently of the demand when the compressor is in a predetermined critical operating state, in order to avoid premature response of the compressor protection means.
The improvement of the invention is now that a targeted on-off operation of the motor of the compressor is used when the upper temperature threshold is reached, by switching off the motor for a predetermined or adjustable first period of time, for example 12 minutes, and then switching on the motor for a predetermined or adjustable second period of time, for example 15 minutes, wherein this off-operation is maintained until the lower temperature threshold is reached. The on or off duration depends on the rating of the refrigerant compressor and the allowable operating parameters (minimum operating time, allowable number of starts per hour, etc.). By means of these measures a certain refrigerant flow is further maintained during the switch-on phase. In this way, the switching off of the compressor by the motor protection circuit, which is determined by the increased refrigeration requirement of the cooling point, can in most cases be reliably avoided. Once the compressor has cooled to the lower temperature threshold, it can again be run continuously with the continuously switched-on motor by periodically opening and closing the valve.
By means of the measures described above, the response of the motor protection circuit can be reliably avoided in most application situations, which are determined by increased refrigeration requirements.
Other constructive designs of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the switching signal of the valve is a pulse-width-modulated signal. In addition, the motor is periodically switched on and off in the switching on and off operation.
The switching signal preferably has an adjustable duty cycle, wherein the control system adjusts the duty cycle based on the adjustment and the measured temperature in the compressor. Furthermore, it can be provided that the duty cycle of the switching signal is continuously shifted over a predetermined switching time period when changing from continuous operation of the motor to on-off operation of the motor and vice versa.
The temperature in the compressor can be derived in particular by measuring the winding temperature of the motor or by measuring the temperature of the hot gas compressed in the compressor. In particular, sensor circuits having at least one, preferably a plurality of PTC sensors with at least two different response temperatures or linear temperature sensors whose output signal is divided into a plurality of segments can be used here.
Furthermore, the motor is preferably operated with a motor protection circuit which switches off the motor when an upper limit temperature of the motor is reached, wherein an upper temperature threshold for switching the motor into the on-off operation is below the upper limit temperature. Depending on the valve position, the valve is either completely open or completely closed during the on-off operation of the motor. If the valve is located on the suction side of the compressor, it is in a fully open state in the on-off operation. If, on the other hand, a valve is provided in the bypass of the compressor, it is closed during the on-off operation of the motor.
The control system also has a filter that automatically changes in accordance with the speed of change of the adjustment amount to suppress the tendency of vibration.
In the method according to the invention for regulating a compressor of a refrigeration appliance having a motor according to the second embodiment, the refrigerant flow through the compressor is controlled by changing the rotational speed of the motor by means of an inverter, i.e. the frequency and the voltage of the motor for the compressor corresponding to the refrigeration demand of the cooling location are achieved by means of the inverter. Furthermore, at least one temperature in the compressor is measured and evaluated, wherein the temperature of the cooling point is set by switching the motor on and off, preferably at the rated frequency of the motor (typically 50 or 60 hz), when the temperature in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold value, and is set precisely in the continuously switched-on motor by changing the rotational speed of the motor by adjusting the frequency and the voltage via the frequency converter once the motor has cooled to a lower temperature threshold value.
The refrigeration appliance according to the invention according to a second embodiment is substantially constituted as follows:
a. a compressor driven by a motor for compressing a refrigerant,
b. an inverter for adjusting a rotational speed of the motor to adjust a flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the compressor,
c. a regulator for generating a regulated amount in accordance with a cooling demand of the cooling location,
d. furthermore, a temperature measuring device is provided which is arranged in or at the motor and is connected to the frequency converter in order to determine at least one temperature in the compressor, and the frequency converter is designed to: when the resulting temperature in the compressor exceeds the upper temperature threshold, the motor is operated in the switch-on and switch-off operation, preferably at the nominal frequency of the motor, and once the motor cools to the lower temperature threshold in the switch-on and switch-off operation, the motor is again operated continuously and at the regulated frequency.
According to the invention, the frequency of the motor current (and thus the motor speed) is not only adapted to the refrigeration demand of the cooling location, but also takes into account at least one temperature in the compressor in order to prevent premature switching off of the compressor due to the response of the motor protection circuit. In DE 102005052042 a1, the temperature in the compressor is also measured, wherein no conventional control algorithm is used from a certain temperature threshold. Furthermore, provision is made for the power for operating the compressor to be returned independently of the demand when the compressor is in a predetermined critical operating state, in order to avoid premature response of the compressor protection means.
In Bouchareb, m. et al: the intelligent frequency converter is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the refrigeration compressor; KI air and ambient technology 1/2003; pages 25-30 describe that the winding temperature has an approximately parabolic shape variation with respect to frequency when using a frequency converter for controlling the motor. A minimum value of the winding temperature is obtained at the rated frequency of the motor (typically, the rated frequency is 50 or 60 hz), and the winding temperature rises significantly when the frequency of the motor current is adjusted to be lower (e.g., 20 or 30 hz) or higher (e.g., 70 hz). The improvement of the invention is now that, when the upper temperature threshold is reached, a targeted on-off operation of the motor with the compressor, preferably around the rated frequency of the motor, is carried out until the lower temperature threshold is reached. The on or off duration depends on the rating of the refrigerant compressor and the allowable operating parameters (minimum operating time, allowable number of starts per hour, etc.). By means of these measures a certain refrigerant flow is further maintained during the switch-on phase. In this way, a switching off of the compressor by the motor protection circuit, which is determined by the increased refrigeration requirement of the cooling point, can in most cases be reliably avoided. Once the compressor cools to the lower temperature threshold, the continuously switched-on motor can be used again for continuous operation and for varying the frequency of the motor current.
By means of the measures described above, the response of the motor protection circuit can be reliably avoided in most application situations, which are determined by an increased refrigeration requirement.
Other constructive designs of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
The temperature in the compressor can be derived in particular by measuring the winding temperature of the motor or by measuring the temperature of the hot gas compressed in the compressor. In particular, sensor circuits having at least one, preferably a plurality of PTC sensors with at least two different response temperatures or linear temperature sensors whose output signal is divided into a plurality of segments can be used.
Furthermore, the motor is preferably operated with a motor protection circuit which switches off the motor when an upper limit temperature of the motor is reached, wherein an upper temperature threshold for switching the motor into the on-off operation is below the upper limit temperature.
The control system also has a filter that automatically changes in accordance with the speed of change of the adjustment amount to suppress the tendency of vibration.
Further advantages and constructional design of the invention are further elucidated on the basis of the following description and the accompanying drawing.
Shown in the attached drawings
Figure 1 shows a principle view of a refrigeration device according to a first embodiment with a valve arranged in the bypass,
figure 2 shows a principle view of a refrigeration device according to a first embodiment with a valve arranged on the suction side,
figure 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a refrigeration appliance having a control system and a regulator according to a first embodiment,
figure 4 shows a characteristic curve of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulated signal as a function of the adjustment quantity,
figure 5 shows various characteristic curves of the first embodiment during continuous operation and on-off operation of the motor,
figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigeration appliance according to a second embodiment with an inverter for regulating the voltage and frequency of the motor,
FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a refrigeration appliance according to a second embodiment with a frequency converter and a regulator, an
Fig. 8 shows various characteristic curves of the second embodiment during continuous operation and on-off operation of the motor.
Next, a first embodiment according to the present invention is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5. The refrigerating device schematically shown in fig. 1 is essentially composed of a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an accumulator 3, an expansion valve 4 and an evaporator 5. In a compressor 1, which is configured, for example, as a reciprocating piston compressor, refrigerant in vapor form is sucked and compressed. In the subsequent condenser, the refrigerant condenses and reaches, via the collector 3, the expansion valve 4, where the refrigerant is depressurized. The refrigerant pressure drops as it expands, causing the refrigerant to cool and partially evaporate. In the evaporator 5 arranged in the region of the cooling location 6, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the cooling location as a result of evaporation. The compressor 1 sucks the evaporated refrigerant to close the refrigerant circulation circuit. The refrigerant flow is controlled by means of a valve 7 arranged at or in the compressor depending on the refrigeration demand of the cooling location 6.
In the embodiment according to fig. 1, a valve 7 is provided in the bypass 1b, so that the refrigerant flow in the refrigerant circulation circuit can be increased by closing the valve 7, and can be decreased by opening the valve 7.
Instead of arranging the valve 7 in the bypass line of the compressor, the valve can also be incorporated directly into the refrigerant circulation circuit. In fig. 2, a corresponding embodiment is shown, wherein a valve 7' is arranged on the suction side of the compressor 1, i.e. between the evaporator 5 and the compressor 1. In this embodiment, the valve 7' is also used to regulate the flow of refrigerant through the compressor 1. Since the valve is incorporated directly into the refrigerant circulation circuit, opening the valve results in increasing the refrigerant flow rate, while closing the valve results in decreasing the refrigerant flow rate.
The diagrams of fig. 1 and 2 relate to a schematic diagram. Typically, the valve is integrated directly into the compressor as this provides an energy advantage. The valve 7 or 7' does not normally affect the entire refrigerant flow through the compressor, but only a partial flow through the respective cylinder or cylinder base, for example.
Controlling the flow of refrigerant through the compressor according to the refrigeration demand of the cooling location 6 will be further explained below with reference to the block diagram of fig. 3. For this purpose, a regulator 8 is provided which generates a regulating quantity 9 depending on the refrigeration requirement of the cooling station 6. Via a measuring device, not shown in detail, the actual temperature of the cooling station 6 is compared, for example, with a setpoint temperature. The possible deviation 10 is fed to a regulator 8, which regulator 8 generates an adjustment quantity 9 according to a predetermined algorithm, which adjustment quantity 9 is passed on to a control system 11, where the adjustment quantity 9 corresponding to the refrigeration demand of the cooling point 6 is converted into one or more switching signals 12 for the valves 7,7 ', 17, 17' ….
The compressor 1, which is designed, for example, as a reciprocating piston compressor, has at least one motor 1a, which heats up as a function of the work done. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the compressor 1 is designed such that the refrigerant flowing through the compressor simultaneously also serves for cooling the motor. However, the temperature in the compressor can reach values which make it no longer possible to continue to increase the power and trigger the motor protection circuit of the motor to be switched off when the temperature continues to rise. It is therefore necessary to determine the temperature in the compressor via a suitable sensor circuit 13 and to pass a corresponding temperature signal 14 to the control system 11. The sensor circuit 13 may for example refer to a sensor for measuring the temperature of the windings of the motor 1. The sensor circuit can be formed for this purpose, for example, by at least one, preferably a plurality of PTC sensors having at least two different response temperatures, or by linear temperature sensors whose output signals are divided into a plurality of segments. Sensor circuits suitable for this purpose are known, for example, from EP 2187494a 1.
Instead of or in addition to the sensor circuit 13, a sensor circuit 15 can be provided, by means of which sensor circuit 15 the temperature of the hot gas compressed in the compressor can be determined. Likewise, a corresponding temperature signal 16 is passed to the control system 11. The control system 11 may comprise a motor protection circuit 1c which switches off the motor 1a when an upper limit temperature T3 measured by the at least one sensor circuit 13, 15 is reached. A further embodiment of such a motor protection circuit is also known from EP 2187494a 1. Reaching the limit temperature T3 and the switching off of the compressor determined thereby results in the cooling point 6 not being cooled further until the cause of the switching off is found and the compressor is restarted.
The switching signal 12 is preferably formed by a pulse width modulated signal (PWM signal), wherein the duty cycle (ED), i.e. the phase ratio of the valve opening or closing, is adjusted as a function of the manipulated variable 9. Here, it should be noted that the duty cycle is of course dependent on the arrangement of the valve (bypass or suction side) to be controlled.
Fig. 4 shows a possible duty cycle ED of the PWM signal as a function of the manipulated variable 9. Here, a duty cycle (ED) ═ 0 means that the valve 7 arranged in the bypass is completely closed or the valve 7' arranged on the intake side is completely open. At a duty cycle of 1, the valve 7 is fully open or the valve 7' is fully closed. If the duty cycle is in the range of 0 to 1, the valve is opened for a part of the time period of e.g. 20 seconds and closed for the other part of the time period. However, such regulation may cause the temperature within the compressor to rise to a limit temperature T3 that causes the motor protection circuit to respond.
In order to avoid this in most cases, the compressor is not only operated continuously with the motor continuously switched on, but the valve is also opened and closed periodically in accordance with the switching signal 12. More precisely, it is provided that the motor is operated on/off when an upper temperature threshold T2, which lies below a limit temperature T3, is reached. In the on-off operation, the motor is periodically switched off for a predetermined period of time, for example, 10 minutes, and then switched on again for a predetermined second period of time. Here, the duty cycle of the valve is adjusted during the switch-on phase such that the maximum refrigerant flow flows through the compressor. This on-off operation of the motor is carried out until the motor has cooled to the lower temperature threshold T0. Thereafter, a continuous operation of the motor continuously on and the timed opening and closing of the valve is again performed.
In fig. 5, four characteristic curves characterizing the method for regulating the motor 1a of the compressor 1 are plotted over time. From top to bottom are the regulating quantity 9, the operating mode of the motor, the duty cycle of the valve 7' of fig. 2 and the temperature signal T14 or T16. The manipulated variable 9 of the uppermost characteristic curve shows in section a the maximum manipulated variable (100%) after the cooling has been switched on in the region of the cooling point 6, which maximum manipulated variable requires the maximum power of the compressor. The motor is therefore switched on according to the second characteristic curve. The valve 7' is controlled with a duty cycle of 0%, which means that the valve is fully open. Therefore, the temperature in the compressor shown in the lowermost characteristic curve increases. In the subsequent variant of section a, the further cooling demand in the region of the cooling point 6 is reduced, so that the regulating quantity 9 is correspondingly reduced. But the motor of the compressor remains continuously switched on for the entire period of time. The smaller manipulated variable 9 causes the duty cycle (ED) of the PWM signal to be shifted according to the third characteristic curve.
The temperature of the compressor is first reduced accordingly. However, due to the reduced refrigerant flow rate, a situation arises in which the temperature in the compressor rises as shown here. To attenuate the temperature rise, from reaching temperature T1, the duty cycle (ED) is shifted such that the refrigerant flow through the compressor is increased, thereby slightly moderating the temperature rise.
However, the upper temperature threshold T2 is reached at the end of section a. This causes the compressor motor to now be operated in on and off operation in section B. During the switching off of the motor, the temperature in the region of the cooling point increases as a result, which can be noticed by a correspondingly higher regulating variable. In the switched-on operation of the motor, the valve is expediently set to the maximum refrigerant flow through the motor and simultaneously through the refrigeration circuit. This also results in a corresponding reduction in the amount of adjustment. A subsequent switch-off or switch-on phase then takes place. During the on-off operation, the motor cools from the upper temperature threshold T2 to the lower temperature threshold T0. Once the lower temperature threshold T0 is reached, the motor is again run continuously and the temperature is again adjusted more precisely by periodically opening and closing the valve (section C). In this way, it is possible to avoid in most cases the temperature in the compressor reaching the upper limit temperature T3 at which the motor protection circuit intervenes. The on-off operation in section B is characterized by the motor being periodically switched on and off, wherein the respective on-or off duration has to be adjusted depending on the external circumstances (constructional characteristics of the compressor, cooling load, etc.).
The duty cycle (ED) shows a jump-type transition between different states in the characteristic curve. But in the case of the invention it can be varied with continuous transitions.
Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention is described with reference to fig. 6 to 8.
The refrigerating device schematically shown in fig. 6 is basically likewise formed by a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an accumulator 3, an expansion valve 4 and an evaporator 5. In a compressor 1, which is configured, for example, as a reciprocating piston compressor, refrigerant in vapor form is sucked and compressed. In the subsequent condenser, the refrigerant condenses and reaches the expansion valve 4 via the collector 3, where it is depressurized. The refrigerant pressure drops as it expands, causing the refrigerant to cool and partially evaporate. In the evaporator 5 arranged in the region of the cooling location 6, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the cooling location as a result of evaporation. The compressor 1 sucks the evaporated refrigerant to close the refrigerant circulation circuit. The refrigerant flow is controlled by means of an inverter 70 arranged at or in the compressor depending on the refrigeration demand of the cooling location 6.
The diagram of fig. 6 relates to a schematic diagram. Controlling the flow of refrigerant through the compressor according to the refrigeration demand of the cooling location 6 will be further explained below with reference to the block diagram of fig. 7. For this purpose, a regulator 8 is provided which generates a regulating quantity 9 depending on the refrigeration requirement of the cooling station 6. Via a measuring device, not shown in detail, the actual temperature of the cooling station 6 is compared, for example, with a setpoint temperature. The possible deviation 10 is fed to a regulator 8, which regulator 8 generates a regulating quantity 9 according to a predetermined algorithm, which regulating quantity 9 is passed on to an inverter 70, where the regulating quantity 9 corresponding to the refrigeration demand of the cooling location 6 is converted into the frequency and voltage of the compressor 1.
The compressor 1, which is designed, for example, as a reciprocating piston compressor, has at least one motor 1a, which heats up in accordance with the work done. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the compressor 1 is designed such that the refrigerant flowing through the compressor simultaneously also serves for cooling the motor. However, the temperature in the compressor can reach values which make it no longer possible to continue to increase the power and trigger a motor protection circuit which switches off the motor when the temperature continues to rise. It is therefore necessary to determine the temperature in the compressor via a suitable sensor circuit 13 and to pass a corresponding temperature signal 14 to the frequency converter 70. The sensor circuit 13 may for example refer to a sensor for measuring the temperature of the windings of the motor 1. The sensor circuit can be formed for this purpose, for example, by at least one, preferably a plurality of PTC sensors having at least two different response temperatures, or by linear temperature sensors whose output signals are divided into a plurality of segments. Sensor circuits suitable for this purpose are known, for example, from EP 2187494a 1.
Instead of or in addition to the sensor circuit 13, a sensor circuit 15 can be provided, by means of which sensor circuit 15 the temperature of the hot gas compressed in the compressor can be determined. Likewise, the corresponding temperature signal 16 is passed to a frequency converter 70. The frequency converter may comprise a motor protection circuit 1c which switches off the motor 1a when an upper limit temperature T3 measured by the at least one sensor circuit 13, 15 is reached. A further embodiment of such a motor protection circuit is also known from EP 2187494a 1. Reaching the limit temperature T3 and the switching off of the compressor determined thereby results in the cooling point 6 not being cooled further until the cause of the switching off is found and the compressor is restarted.
In order to avoid this situation at least in most cases, the compressor is operated not only at a regulated voltage and frequency when the motor is continuously switched on. More precisely, on-off operation of the motor is provided at the nominal frequency of the motor (for example, 50 hertz or 60 hertz) when the upper temperature threshold T1, which is also below the limit temperature T2, is reached. In the on-off operation, the motor is periodically switched off for a predetermined period of time, for example, 10 minutes, and then switched on again for a predetermined second period of time. This on-off operation of the motor is carried out until the motor cools down to the lower temperature threshold T0. After this, the motor is switched on continuously and the regulated voltage and frequency are operated continuously.
In fig. 8, four characteristic curves characterizing the method for regulating the motor 1a of the compressor 1 are plotted over time. From top to bottom is the adjustment 9, the mode of operation of the motor, the frequency at which the frequency converter of the motor 1a operates, and the temperature signal T14 or T16. The manipulated variable 9 of the uppermost characteristic curve shows in section a the maximum manipulated variable (100%) after the cooling has been switched on in the region of the cooling point 6, which maximum manipulated variable requires the maximum power of the compressor. The motor is therefore switched on according to the second characteristic curve and is operated at a frequency greater than the nominal frequency. Therefore, the temperature in the compressor shown in the lowermost characteristic curve increases. In the subsequent variant of section a, the further cooling demand in the region of the cooling point 6 is reduced, so that the regulating quantity 9 is correspondingly reduced. But the motor of the compressor remains continuously switched on for the entire period of time, but runs at a frequency that is less than the nominal frequency.
The temperature of the compressor is first reduced accordingly. However, due to the reduced refrigerant flow rate, a situation arises in which the temperature in the compressor rises as shown here. The upper temperature threshold T1 is reached at the end of section a. This causes the motor of the compressor to now operate in a switched-on and switched-off operation in section B. During the switching off of the motor, the temperature in the region of the cooling point increases as a result, which can be noticed by a correspondingly higher adjustment. In the switched-on operation of the motor, the motor is operated at its nominal frequency (for example 50 or 60 hz). Then, the off or on phase is further performed. During the on-off operation, the motor cools down from the upper temperature threshold T1 to the lower temperature threshold T0, since in the on operation more refrigerant flows through the motor than at a frequency lower than the nominal frequency, or in the off operation the motor current is equal to 0 amperes. Once the lower temperature threshold T0 is reached, the motor continues to run again, and the temperature is again adjusted more precisely by adjusting the motor frequency (section C). In this way, it is possible to avoid in most cases the temperature in the compressor reaching the upper limit temperature T3 at which the motor protection circuit would intervene. The on-off operation in section B is characterized by the motor being periodically switched on and off, wherein the respective on-or off duration has to be adjusted depending on the external circumstances (constructional characteristics of the compressor, cooling load, etc.).
The frequency of the motor current shows a jump-type transition between different states in the characteristic curve. But in the case of the invention it can be varied with continuous transitions.

Claims (13)

1. A method for regulating a compressor of a refrigeration appliance, the compressor having a motor, wherein a control system controls the flow of refrigerant through the compressor via at least one valve and thereby regulates the temperature of a cooling location,
wherein
Furthermore, at least one temperature in the compressor is measured and analyzed, an
Adjusting the temperature of the cooling location by an on-off operation of the motor when the temperature in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold, wherein the on-off operation of the motor is characterized by periodically turning the motor on and off, wherein the motor is turned off for a particular or definable initial period of time and then turned on for a particular or definable second period of time and these on-off operations are maintained until a lower temperature threshold is reached, and
-regulating the temperature of the cooling position by means of a continuously switched-on operation of the motor as soon as the motor has cooled to the lower temperature threshold, wherein at this point the control system converts the regulating quantity corresponding to the cooling demand of the cooling position into a switching signal for the valve, which switching signal acts to open and close the valve periodically,
wherein the switching signal has an adjustable duty cycle and the control system adjusts the duty cycle in accordance with the adjustment amount.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the duty cycle of the switching signal is continuously shifted over a predetermined switching period when changing from continuous operation of the motor to on-off operation of the motor and vice versa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the compressor is derived by measuring the winding temperature of the motor or by measuring the temperature of hot gas compressed in the compressor.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature in the compressor is derived by means of a sensor circuit having at least one PTC sensor with at least two different response temperatures or a linear temperature sensor whose output signal is divided into segments.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the motor is operated with a motor protection circuit that shuts off the motor when an upper limit temperature of the motor is reached, wherein an upper temperature threshold at which the motor transitions to on-off operation is below the upper limit temperature.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the compressor is operated with a valve disposed on a suction side of the compressor, the valve being in a fully open state during on-off operation of the motor.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the compressor is operated with a bypass, wherein a valve disposed within the bypass is in a fully closed state during on-off operation of the motor.
8. A refrigeration appliance having at least the following components,
a. a compressor driven by a motor for compressing a refrigerant,
b. a valve regulating the flow of refrigerant through the compressor (1),
c. a regulator for generating a regulated amount in accordance with a refrigeration demand of the cooling location, and
d. a control system connected to the regulator and the valve and controlling the valve to regulate the temperature of the cooling location,
wherein,
e. furthermore, a temperature measuring device for determining the temperature of at least one of the compressors is provided, which is arranged in or at the motor and is connected to the control system, an
f. The control system is connected to the motor and is designed in such a way that
Adjusting the temperature of the cooling location by an on-off operation of the motor when the temperature in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold, wherein the on-off operation of the motor is characterized by periodically turning the motor on and off, wherein the motor is turned off for a particular or definable initial period of time and then turned on for a particular or definable second period of time and these on-off operations are maintained until a lower temperature threshold is reached; and
adjusting the temperature of the cooling location by a continuously on operation of the motor once the motor has cooled to the lower temperature threshold, wherein at this point the control system converts an adjustment amount corresponding to a refrigeration demand of the cooling location into a switching signal for the valve, the switching signal acting to periodically open and close the valve, wherein the switching signal has an adjustable duty cycle, and the control system adjusts the duty cycle in accordance with the adjustment amount.
9. A method for regulating a compressor of a refrigeration appliance having a motor, wherein an inverter controls a refrigerant flow rate through the compressor by regulating a voltage and a frequency of the motor, the inverter converts an adjustment amount corresponding to a refrigeration demand of a cooling place into the voltage and the frequency of the motor,
characterized in that in addition at least one temperature in the compressor is measured and evaluated, wherein the temperature in the compressor is regulated in the cooling position by switching the motor on and off when the temperature in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold, wherein the on-off operation of the motor is characterized by periodically switching the motor on and off, wherein the motor is switched off for a specific or definable initial period of time, then the motor is switched on for a specific or definable second period of time, and these on-off operations are maintained until a lower temperature threshold is reached, and
adjusting the temperature of the cooling position in a continuously switched-on motor by adjusting the frequency and voltage of the motor once the motor has cooled to a lower temperature threshold, wherein in the switched-on-off operation the motor is operated at its nominal frequency during the second time period in which the motor is switched on.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature in the compressor is derived by measuring a winding temperature of the motor or by measuring a temperature of hot gas compressed in the compressor.
11. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the temperature in the compressor is derived by means of a sensor circuit having at least one PTC sensor with at least two different response temperatures or a linear temperature sensor whose output signal is divided into segments.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein operating the motor with a motor protection circuit that shuts off the motor when an upper limit temperature of the motor is reached, wherein the upper temperature threshold at which the motor transitions to on-off operation is below the upper limit temperature.
13. A refrigeration appliance having at least the following components,
a. a compressor driven by a motor for compressing a refrigerant,
c. a regulator for generating a regulating quantity in accordance with the refrigeration demand of the cooling location, and
c. an inverter connected with the regulator and the motor to convert an adjustment amount corresponding to a cooling demand of the cooling location into a voltage and a frequency of the motor to control a refrigerant flow rate through the compressor,
characterized in that a temperature measuring device is provided for determining at least one temperature in the compressor, which is arranged in or at the motor and is connected to the frequency converter, and the frequency converter is connected and designed to the motor in such a way that the motor is in an on-off operation when the temperature detected in the compressor exceeds an upper temperature threshold value, wherein the on-off operation of the motor is characterized in that the motor is periodically switched on and off, wherein the motor is switched off for a specific or definable initial period of time and then switched on for a specific or definable second period of time, and these on-off operations are maintained until a lower temperature threshold value is reached, and
once the motor has cooled to the lower temperature threshold in the on-off operation, the motor continues to operate again, and the voltage and frequency of the motor are adjusted according to the adjustment,
wherein, during the second period of time in which the motor is turned on, in an on-off operation, the frequency of the motor is a rated frequency.
CN201380041745.6A 2012-08-06 2013-08-05 For regulating method and the refrigeration plant of the compressor of refrigeration plant Expired - Fee Related CN104520658B (en)

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