CN104518239A - Lithium ion battery amide-type additive having film-forming and stabilizing functions and electrolyte containing same - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery amide-type additive having film-forming and stabilizing functions and electrolyte containing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104518239A CN104518239A CN201310445534.0A CN201310445534A CN104518239A CN 104518239 A CN104518239 A CN 104518239A CN 201310445534 A CN201310445534 A CN 201310445534A CN 104518239 A CN104518239 A CN 104518239A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- additive
- ion battery
- carbonate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery amide-type additive having film-forming and stabilizing functions and electrolyte containing the same. The invention relates to an amide-type additive, which is suitable for lithium ion battery and has the film-forming and stabilizing functions. The additive can prominently promote the forming of SEI membrane and at the same time can control water content of electrolyte, and thus the cycle performance and safety of lithium ion battery are improved. The structure of the amide-type additive is shown in the description, wherein the R represents a five-membered or six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, such as pyrrole, imidazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for lithium ion battery, have film forming add and stabilization amide-type addictive with dual functions and containing the electrolyte of this additive, belong to field of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the 21 century desirable energy with fastest developing speed, there is the advantages such as specific energy is large, voltage is high, have extended cycle life, self discharge is little, become the first-selected power supply of numerous mobile electronic product, and rely on the comprehensive advantage of himself to be applied to automobile power cell field, and except consumer electronic product, lithium ion battery substitutes the main flow power supply that traditional ickel-cadmium cell becomes military communication field gradually, is also the emphasis direction of Novel Communication power source development simultaneously.
Electrolyte is the important component part of lithium ion battery, carries the effect being transmitted ion by inside battery between both positive and negative polarity, has important impact to the capacity of battery, operating temperature range, cycle performance and security performance etc.Lithium ion battery is in first charge-discharge process, organic electrolyte can reduce, decompose on Carbon anode surface, the passivating film that formation one deck electronic isolation, lithium ion can be led, it has the feature of sandwich construction, one side near electrolyte is porous, and the one side near electrode is fine and close, and this film serves as mesophase spherule between electrode and electrolyte, there is the character of solid electrolyte, be commonly referred to as solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film.Telescopiny due to lithium ion is inevitable via the SEI film covered on Carbon anode, this film can stop the common embedding of solvent molecule, electrode is avoided to contact with the direct of electrolyte, thus suppress the further decomposition of solvent, improve efficiency for charge-discharge and the cycle life of lithium ion battery, therefore, the SEI film that electrode surface is formed will determine the performance of whole battery.The requirement of nonaqueous electrolytic solution to free acid, moisture is higher, and because the voltage of lithium ion battery is up to 3 ~ 4V, and the decomposition voltage of water is only 1.23V, if contain comparatively juicy in electrolyte, decomposes, can cause degradation of cell performance under high voltage discharge and recharge.The existence of electrolyte Free Acid (HF) directly can destroy SEI film, thus affects the cycle performance of battery.Therefore, adding the stabilizer with the basylous action that dewaters be applicable to is ensure that battery long-term stability runs another key factor of (especially under the high temperature conditions).
A small amount of film for additive is added in Organic Electrolyte Solutions for Li-Ion Batteries, can when do not increase or substantially do not increase battery cost, do not change production technology, Carbon anode preferentially reduces, is decomposed to form the SEI film of function admirable, thus improve the performance of Carbon anode, improve the macro property of battery.Add appropriate stabilizer and can control moisture in battery and free acid content, ensure the stable operation of battery further.Organic additive has the advantages such as good with lithium-ion battery electrolytes intersolubility, effect of optimization is good and easy to use, has caused enough attention and has been developed rapidly.By contrast, the selection of inorganic additive has certain limitation, and such as solubility is little in the electrolytic solution for additives gas, can produce a large amount of gas, cause ballooning in charge and discharge process, affects safety and the cycle performance of battery.Conventional organic additive is mainly containing organic unsaturated compound, halo organic ester, organic boride etc. of ethenylidene.The effect wherein reported at present is preferably vinylene carbonate (VC), but its preparation condition is harsh, expensive.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of difunctional amide-type additive with film forming and stabilization, this additive effectively can control the moisture in electrolyte, and at graphite cathode, there is obvious film-formation result, thus playing the effect improving cycle performance of lithium ion battery, promote lithium ion battery safety performance, described electrolyte is made up of solvent, lithium salts, additive.Wherein additive mainly comprises a series of amides compound with promotion film forming and stabilization, it is characterized in that there is following structure:
In said structure, R is selected from the N heterocyclic group of five yuan or hexa-atomic, such as pyrroles, imidazoles, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine.
Above-mentioned electrolyte organic solvent used can be selected from methyl formate, methyl acetate, methylchloroformate, methyl benzoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, vinyl acetate, ethylene carbonate, halogenated ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl carbonic acid propylene, ethyl carbonate propylene, butylene, methyl carbonic acid phenol ester, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ring butyrolactone, bromine ring butyrolactone, 1, 3-N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid lactone, 1, 4-butyl sultone, dioxolanes propane, two or more in dimethoxy propane.
Above-mentioned electrolyte lithium salts used can be selected from one or more in lithium halide, lithium perchlorate, tetrafluoro boric acid lithium salts, hexafluorophosphoric acid lithium salts, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, chlorine lithium aluminate, di-oxalate lithium borate salt, two (trifluoro sulphonyl) imines lithium salts, two (fluoroform sulphonyl) imines lithium salts.
With the gross mass of electrolyte for benchmark, the mass percent of described lithium salts is 5% ~ 30%; The mass percent of described organic solvent is 0 ~ 95%; The mass percent of described additive is 0.01% ~ 5%.
Feature of the present invention is owing to the addition of amide-type additive, stable SEI film can be formed on battery cathode surface, stop the common embedding of solvent molecule, the reaction of effective suppression electrode and electrolyte, moisture in electrolyte be can effectively control simultaneously, battery efficiency and cycle life improve.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is electrolyte that the electrolyte of the obtained amide containing compounds additive niacinamide of embodiment 1 and embodiment 7 and comparative example obtain discharge capacity variation diagram when carrying out discharge and recharge 100 tests under 0.5C multiplying power.
Embodiment
The present invention is illustrated by following instance, but the present invention be not only confined to following instance, all meet before and after the implementing method of described aim all in technical scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed by weight for EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1 with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), adopt lithium hexafluoro phosphate as lithium salts, be mixed with the electrolyte that lithium salt is 1mol/L, and add the film for additive niacinamide that concentration is 0.1wt.% wherein.
Comparative example
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, does not add any additive unlike in electrolyte.
Embodiment 2
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the Pyrazinamide adding 0.1wt.% in electrolyte.
Embodiment 3
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the 2-pyridine carboxamide adding 2wt.% in electrolyte.
Embodiment 4
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the N-methylnicotinamide adding 5wt.% in electrolyte.
Embodiment 5
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the 1H-pyrroles-1-N adding 1wt.% in electrolyte, and dinethylformamide.
Embodiment 6
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the 1H-imidazoles-1-formamide adding 0.1wt.% in electrolyte.
Embodiment 7
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the niacinamide adding 0.5wt.% in electrolyte.
Embodiment 8
Electrolyte quota method is identical with embodiment 1, unlike the Pyrazinamide adding 0.5wt.% in electrolyte.
Embodiment 9
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed by weight for EC:EMC:DEC=6:9:5 with diethyl carbonate (DEC), adds the electrolyte that lithium hexafluoro phosphate is mixed with 1M afterwards; And add additive niacinamide wherein, 0.01wt.%.
Embodiment 10
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed by weight for EC:EMC:DMC=3:3:4 with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), adds the electrolyte that lithium hexafluoro phosphate is mixed with 1M afterwards; And add additive niacinamide wherein, 0.5wt.%.
Normal-temperature circulating performance is tested
Under normal temperature (20 DEG C), by the button cell prepared according to embodiment 1 ~ 10 and comparative example, positive active material is LiMn
2o
4, be charged to 4.2V with 0.5C constant current constant voltage, then use 0.5C constant-current discharge to 3.0V.The conservation rate of the 100th circulation volume is calculated after charge/discharge 100 circulations.
100th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 100th cyclic discharge capacity ÷ cyclic discharge capacity first) × 100%th
The every chemical property of electrolyte of the various embodiments described above and comparative example sees the following form 1
Electrolyte moisture is tested
Under normal temperature (20 DEG C), will be stored in glove box according to the electrolyte of embodiment 1 ~ 10 and comparative example, adopt karl Fischer Moisture Meter to measure.
The electrolyte moisture of the various embodiments described above and comparative example sees the following form 2
By the comparison of embodiment 1 ~ 10 and comparative example, adding of the amides compound shown in the structural formula selected by known the present invention, film forming and stable economic benefits and social benefits function can be played, significantly improve cycle performance and the security performance of battery.Wherein, visible by embodiment 1, embodiment 9 and embodiment 10, niacinamide has obvious film-formation result and water removal effect, and has a significant effect when addition is 0.1%, shows good practicality and economic benefit.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. there is a difunctional lithium-ion battery electrolytes amide-type additive for film for additive and stabilizer, it is characterized in that described amides compound structure is:
Structural formula 1
Wherein R is selected from the one in the N heterocyclic group of five yuan or hexa-atomic.
2. the difunctional lithium-ion battery electrolytes amide-type additive with film for additive and stabilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, additive is used in lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the content of the amides compound shown in described structural formula 1 is the one that 0.01% ~ 5%, N heterocyclic group is selected from pyrroles, imidazoles, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine by the total weight of electrolyte.
3. a lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution, containing solvent, lithium salts and additive in this electrolyte, it is characterized in that, described additive is the additive described in claim 1 or 2.
4. lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described lithium salts is selected from one or more in lithium halide, lithium perchlorate, tetrafluoro boric acid lithium salts, hexafluorophosphoric acid lithium salts, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, chlorine lithium aluminate, di-oxalate lithium borate salt, two (trifluoro sulphonyl) imines lithium salts, two (fluoroform sulphonyl) imines lithium salts.
5. lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described solvent is selected from methyl formate, methyl acetate, methylchloroformate, methyl benzoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, vinyl acetate, ethylene carbonate, halogenated ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl carbonic acid propylene, ethyl carbonate propylene, butylene, methyl carbonic acid phenol ester, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ring butyrolactone, bromine ring butyrolactone, 1, 3-N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid lactone, 1, 4-butyl sultone, dioxolanes propane, two or more in dimethoxy propane.
6. lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described electrolyte component, the mass percent of described lithium salts is 5% ~ 30%; The mass percent of described organic solvent is 0 ~ 95%; The mass percent of described additive is 0.01% ~ 5%.
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| CN201310445534.0A CN104518239A (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Lithium ion battery amide-type additive having film-forming and stabilizing functions and electrolyte containing same |
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| CN201310445534.0A CN104518239A (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Lithium ion battery amide-type additive having film-forming and stabilizing functions and electrolyte containing same |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105845984A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-10 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery using same |
| CN106816629A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| WO2017185997A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electrolyte, positive electrode, preparation method therefor and lithium ion battery |
| CN108091931A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-05-29 | 湖南望隆企业管理咨询有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes |
| CN111276740A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Electrolyte for lithium-air battery or lithium-copper battery |
| CN111384445A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Electrolyte composition and metal ion battery comprising same |
| CN111755746A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-09 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN112582673A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-03-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN113363577A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-07 | 北京理工大学 | Multifunctional lithium air battery electrolyte additive |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106816629A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
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| CN105845984A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-10 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery using same |
| CN108091931A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-05-29 | 湖南望隆企业管理咨询有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes |
| CN111276740A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Electrolyte for lithium-air battery or lithium-copper battery |
| CN111276740B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2021-05-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Electrolyte for lithium-air battery or lithium-copper battery |
| CN111384445A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Electrolyte composition and metal ion battery comprising same |
| US11283110B2 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2022-03-22 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Electrolyte composition and metal-ion battery employing the same |
| CN111384445B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-04-15 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Electrolyte composition and metal ion battery comprising same |
| CN111755746A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-09 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN112582673A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-03-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN113363577A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-07 | 北京理工大学 | Multifunctional lithium air battery electrolyte additive |
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