CN104511272A - Preparation and application methods of adsorbent for removing cadmium in wastewater - Google Patents
Preparation and application methods of adsorbent for removing cadmium in wastewater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104511272A CN104511272A CN201410562485.3A CN201410562485A CN104511272A CN 104511272 A CN104511272 A CN 104511272A CN 201410562485 A CN201410562485 A CN 201410562485A CN 104511272 A CN104511272 A CN 104511272A
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- water hyacinth
- cadmium
- matter charcoal
- water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses preparation and application methods of an adsorbent for removing cadmium in wastewater, and belongs to the fields of solid waste resource utilization technology and environmental pollution remediation technology. The adsorbent is water hyacinth-based biochar, and the preparation method comprises the preparation steps: after carrying out impurity removal and air-drying on water hyacinth in a pollution-free water region, drying and crushing into a powder, placing in an atmosphere furnace, carrying out oxygen-limited pyrolysis at the temperature of 250 DEG C-450 DEG C, keeping for one hour at a final temperature, taking out after cooling to the room temperature, and thus obtaining the water hyacinth-based biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity of the water hyacinth-based biochar to adsorb cadmium in the wastewater can reach 80 mg/g; the application method comprises that the water hyacinth-based biochar is added to the wastewater containing cadmium, the initial cadmium concentration is 1-500 mg/L, the adding amount is 5 g/L, and a reaction is carried out for 0-24 h with the reaction temperature of 25 DEG C and the oscillation rate of 150 r/min. The method has the adsorption advantage that the adsorbent provided by the invention has the advantages of wide raw material sources, low price, simple preparation process, and large cadmium adsorption capacity.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of biomass carbon, belong to solid waste utilization of resources technology and environmental pollution recovery technique field, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method and application's method removing the water hyacinth matter charcoal of cadmium in waste water.
Background technology
Cadmium is one of the most poisonous heavy metal.Be chronically exposed in cadmium environment and easily cause a series of disease such as anaemia, osteoporosis, kidney damage.First time country's Investigation of Soil Pollution display of up-to-date issue, cadmium has been listed in China's soil primary pollutant.Hunan is called as the township of non-ferrous metal, is one of area that China Water, Cadmium Pollution in Soils are the most serious.Wherein, the cadmium concentration of Xiangjiang River sediments, up to 19.42mg/kg, is 76 times of national average value.At present, nearly 4,003 a population of one millions of Xiangjiang River basin suffer from the threat of drinking water and rice cadmium pollution.Therefore, water, Cadmium Pollution in Soils improvement are environmental problems urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Charcoal is a kind of rich carbon product obtained by limit oxygen pyrolysis living beings.Charcoal precursor mostly is field biological discarded object, as rice straw, bagasse, cow dung etc.Its raw material extensively easily obtain and preparation process is simple, have been widely used in various heavy metal pollution reparation.Because it has the feature of highly developed pore structure, abundant specific area and surface functional group, more cheap and the more high-adsorption-capacity of specific activity charcoal, therefore, charcoal is a kind of desirable Wastewater Pollutant sorbing material, can be used for the process of the multiple pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and heavy metal.
Water hyacinth is classified as one of plant of 100 kinds of most " aggressiveness " on the earth by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and it is widely distributed, breeding very easily destroys aquatic ecosystem rapidly, makes waters anoxic and causes water quality deterioration, destroying fishery and water generating.Water hyacinth is changed into the cadmium in charcoal absorption waste water, its adsorption capacity can reach 80mg/g, far away higher than the charcoal of active carbon and many other different biomass source reported.Therefore, reasonably utilizing this biology, change it into biological carbon, is the doulbe-sides' victory strategy of environmental pollution reparation and the solid waste utilization of resources.But to study water hyacinth, for raw material prepares charcoal and the application in contaminated environment thereof, there is not been reported at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilize water hyacinth to prepare charcoal method and application in contaminant water, soil, operation is simple for the method, and the charcoal productive rate obtained is high, to the cadmium high adsorption capacity in water body.
The invention provides a kind of method utilizing water hyacinth to prepare charcoal, comprising:
(1) water hyacinth pretreatment: by air-dry after the water hyacinth removal of impurities of collecting in untainted waters, and treat that it to be air-dryly placed in air dry oven in 60 DEG C of oven dry of spending the night, and is crushed to 1 ~ 2mm, loads self-styled band and is placed in drying box and saves backup.
(2) pyrolysis, cooling: the water hyacinth powder after pulverizing is placed in atmosphere furnace and leads to nitrogen 20 minutes in normal temperature, and then carry out carbonization with 6.5 DEG C/min ramp to 250 DEG C, final temperature keeps 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature and take out, obtained water hyacinth charcoal.Whole intensification pyrolytic process and be cooled to room temperature process and carry out all in a nitrogen environment.
Present invention also offers a kind of water hyacinth matter charcoal adopting described method to prepare, the fundamental property of described charcoal is shown in form 1.
Table 1: a kind of water hyacinth matter charcoal fundamental property adopting described method to prepare
Present invention also offers a kind of charcoal adopting described method to prepare, described charcoal surface contains abundant tubular space and all kinds of potassium, calcium, the carbonates such as magnesium.See Fig. 1.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of charcoal SEM pattern and EDX energy spectrogram that adopt described method to prepare.
Fig. 2 is water hyacinth matter charcoal absorption cadmium efficiency (wherein, WBC represents water hyacinth charcoal, numeral water hyacinth pyrolysis temperature below) prepared under different initial cadmium concentration and pyrolysis temperature condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: the invention provides a kind of method utilizing water hyacinth to prepare charcoal, comprising:
(1) water hyacinth pretreatment: by air-dry after the water hyacinth removal of impurities of collecting in untainted waters, and treat that it to be air-dryly placed in air dry oven in 60 DEG C of oven dry of spending the night, and is crushed to 1 ~ 2mm, loads self-styled band and is placed in drying box and saves backup.
(2) pyrolysis, cooling: the water hyacinth powder after pulverizing is placed in atmosphere furnace and leads to nitrogen 20 minutes in normal temperature, and then carry out carbonization with 6.5 DEG C/min ramp to 250 DEG C, final temperature keeps 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature and take out, obtained water hyacinth matter charcoal.Whole intensification pyrolytic process and be cooled to room temperature process and carry out all in a nitrogen environment.
Embodiment 2: as embodiment 1 utilizes water hyacinth to prepare the method for charcoal, different unlike the pyrolysis final temperature in embodiment 1 second step, this implementation method pyrolysis final temperature is 350 DEG C.
Embodiment 3: as embodiment 1 utilizes water hyacinth to prepare the method for charcoal, different unlike the pyrolysis final temperature in embodiment 1 second step, this implementation method pyrolysis final temperature is 450 DEG C.
Embodiment 4: as embodiment 1 utilizes water hyacinth to prepare the method for charcoal, different unlike the pyrolysis final temperature in embodiment 1 second step, this implementation method pyrolysis final temperature is 550 DEG C.
Application example 1: the water hyacinth matter charcoal adopting said method to prepare adsorbs for cadmium.Cadmium adsorption experiment condition:
(1) initial cadmium concentration is 1 ~ 500mg/l.
(2) the water hyacinth charcoal that prepared by interpolation 0.2g said method reacts in the middle of the cadmium solution of the different initial concentration of 40ml.The control sample of not adding charcoal is increased in reaction.
(3) reaction time is 24 hours, and reaction temperature is 25 DEG C, and oscillation rate is 150r/min.
(4) after reaction terminates, filter, get supernatant, adopt Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry instrument to detect cadmium concentration by after certain multiple dilution.Result is shown in Fig. 2.
As seen from Figure 2, in the middle of water hyacinth matter charcoal prepared by said method, when water hyacinth pyrolysis temperature is 450 DEG C, the adsorbance of water hyacinth charcoal to cadmium is maximum.Along with the increase of initial cadmium concentration, the adsorbance of water hyacinth charcoal to cadmium also constantly increases.The adsorbance of water hyacinth charcoal to cadmium can reach 80mg/g.And this adsorption capacity, far away higher than active carbon and other biological matter if cow dung, the charcoal prepared as bark, palmae bark, rice bran etc. are to the adsorption capacity of cadmium.
Claims (9)
1. remove adsorbent (water hyacinth matter charcoal) preparations and applicatio method for cadmium in waste water, its preparation method, comprising:
(1) water hyacinth pretreatment: by air-dry after the water hyacinth removal of impurities of collecting in untainted waters, and treat that it to be air-dryly placed in air dry oven in 60 DEG C of oven dry of spending the night, and is crushed to 1 ~ 2mm, loads self-styled band and is placed in drying box and saves backup;
(2) pyrolysis, cooling: the water hyacinth powder after pulverizing is placed in atmosphere furnace and leads to nitrogen 20 minutes in normal temperature, then carbonization is carried out with 6.5 DEG C/min ramp to 250 DEG C, final temperature keeps 2 hours, be cooled to room temperature to take out, obtained water hyacinth matter charcoal, whole intensification pyrolytic process and be cooled to room temperature process and carry out all in a nitrogen environment.
2. water hyacinth matter charcoal preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature that the water hyacinth in step (1) is dried is 60 DEG C, oven dry of spending the night.
3. water hyacinth matter charcoal preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, water hyacinth crushed after being dried to the 1 ~ 2mm in step (1).
4. water hyacinth matter charcoal preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (2) water hyacinth heating rate is 6.5 DEG C/min.
5. water hyacinth matter charcoal preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (2) water hyacinth pyrolysis final temperature is respectively 250 DEG C, 350 DEG C, 450 DEG C, 550 DEG C.
6. water hyacinth matter charcoal preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, first logical 20 minutes nitrogen to be put into before atmosphere furnace pyrolysis by step (2) water hyacinth, logical nitrogen all the time in pyrolysis to the process being cooled to room temperature, and nitrogen pressure maintains 0.1MPa.
7. water hyacinth matter charcoal preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the living beings of pyrolysis are water hyacinth.
8. the water hyacinth matter charcoal application prepared by claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water hyacinth matter charcoal is for adsorbing the cadmium in waste water.
9. the water hyacinth matter charcoal application according to right 8, it is characterized in that, cadmium in described water hyacinth matter charcoal absorption waste water, method is as follows: initial cadmium concentration is 1 ~ 500mg/l, under about 25 DEG C oscillating conditions, drop into water hyacinth matter charcoal adsorbent, the ratio of adding is 5g/l, duration of oscillation is 0 ~ 24h, and oscillation rate is 150r/min.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN104923153A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-23 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method for Canna biological carbon capable of simultaneously adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and cadmium |
| CN104998615A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-28 | 扬州大学 | Charcoal preparation method based on mattress fermented feed and application thereof |
| CN105289522A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 梅庆波 | Preparation method for denitriding and dephosphorizing adsorbing agent for chimney waste gas of factory |
| CN105417689A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-23 | 南京理工大学 | Method for accelerating aerobic sludge granulation by aid of charcoal |
| CN106010605A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-10-12 | 嘉应学院 | Method for producing water hyacinth biochar and application thereof |
| CN106179208A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Nanoscale Iron loads the preparation method and application of amino modified biological carbon |
| CN107364842A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽工程大学 | Biological carbon granules preparation method |
| CN108822858A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-16 | 汕头大学 | A method of improving soil moisture and crack using water hyacinth synthesising biological charcoal |
| CN109675564A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-26 | 三峡大学 | The preparation method and applications of water hyacinth iron charcoal |
| CN110833816A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-25 | 天津大学 | Preparation method of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate modified enteromorpha biological carbon and application of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate modified enteromorpha biological carbon in removing heavy metal cadmium in water body |
| CN114804067A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-07-29 | 闽江学院 | Preparation method, application and application method of water hyacinth porous blocky biochar |
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Cited By (15)
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| WO2016176906A1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-10 | 浙江大学 | Method for producing canna indica biochar capable of adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and cadmium simultaneously |
| CN104923153A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-23 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method for Canna biological carbon capable of simultaneously adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and cadmium |
| CN104998615A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-28 | 扬州大学 | Charcoal preparation method based on mattress fermented feed and application thereof |
| CN105289522A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 梅庆波 | Preparation method for denitriding and dephosphorizing adsorbing agent for chimney waste gas of factory |
| CN105417689A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-23 | 南京理工大学 | Method for accelerating aerobic sludge granulation by aid of charcoal |
| CN106179208A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Nanoscale Iron loads the preparation method and application of amino modified biological carbon |
| CN106010605A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-10-12 | 嘉应学院 | Method for producing water hyacinth biochar and application thereof |
| CN107364842A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽工程大学 | Biological carbon granules preparation method |
| CN108822858A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-16 | 汕头大学 | A method of improving soil moisture and crack using water hyacinth synthesising biological charcoal |
| CN108822858B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2020-11-10 | 汕头大学 | Method for improving soil moisture and cracks by synthesizing biochar from water hyacinth |
| CN109675564A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-26 | 三峡大学 | The preparation method and applications of water hyacinth iron charcoal |
| CN109675564B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2022-06-03 | 三峡大学 | Preparation method and application of water hyacinth iron biochar |
| CN110833816A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-25 | 天津大学 | Preparation method of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate modified enteromorpha biological carbon and application of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate modified enteromorpha biological carbon in removing heavy metal cadmium in water body |
| CN114804067A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-07-29 | 闽江学院 | Preparation method, application and application method of water hyacinth porous blocky biochar |
| CN114804067B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2024-03-19 | 闽江学院 | Preparation method, application and application method of water hyacinth porous block biochar |
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Addressee: Wang Xin Document name: Notification of Passing Preliminary Examination of the Application for Invention |
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Address after: 410000 School of resource and environmental science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha two, Yuelu District, Hunan Applicant after: Wang Xin Applicant after: Zhang Feng Address before: No. 485 spring 410013 Royal Academy of Hunan province Yuelu District city Tongzi Changsha slope road 11 building 3 unit 405 Applicant before: Wang Xin Applicant before: Zhang Feng |
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