CN104507302A - 用于杀死蚊子成虫和幼虫的双功能致死性容器和组合物 - Google Patents
用于杀死蚊子成虫和幼虫的双功能致死性容器和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104507302A CN104507302A CN201380020678.XA CN201380020678A CN104507302A CN 104507302 A CN104507302 A CN 104507302A CN 201380020678 A CN201380020678 A CN 201380020678A CN 104507302 A CN104507302 A CN 104507302A
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Abstract
用于杀死蚊子及其幼虫的双功能致死性容器、***、方法、组合物和配方。所述容器可具有由容器中水平的水线孔分隔的独立的内侧杀幼虫剂和杀成虫剂涂料。另一种容器可使用全新的杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料。杀成虫剂涂料、杀幼虫剂涂料和杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料的独特组合物可用作内衬。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2012年4月19日提交的美国临时专利申请61/635,497和2013年3月12日提交的美国临时专利申请61/777,766的优选权。本段所列各申请的全部内容都通过相关具体引用纳入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及杀死蚊子,尤其是用于杀死蚊子成虫及其幼虫的双功能致死性容器、***及使用方法和全新的持久性组合物和配方。
背景和现有技术
多年来,诱蚊产卵型容器(如诱蚊产卵器(Ovitraps))被使用和配置以控制蚊子。参见例如Perich等的美国专利5,983,557;Perich的美国专利6,185,861;和Perich等的美国专利6,389,740;以及Zeichner,Brian C.“The lethal ovitrap:aresponse to the resurgence of dengue and chikungunya(致命的诱蚊产卵器:对登革热和切昆贡亚热再现的反应)”,U.S.Army Medical Journal,2011年7-9月。这些类型的诱蚊产卵器通常将带有杀虫剂的纸条挂在装水至一系列排液口高度的杯子中。杀虫剂条挂在水中,用于杀死停留在诱蚊产卵器上产卵的雌蚊。然而,由于与水接触,纸上的杀虫剂迅速分解,使得这些类型的诱蚊产卵器存在局限,并且这类捕蚊器也并未设计用于杀死幼虫。
例如,这类捕蚊器缺少对杀虫剂的定时释放,并且水最终使杀虫剂分解,使其变得无效或者由于蚊子群体中的杀虫剂耐受性而无法足够迅速地进行杀伤以防止产卵。在佛罗里达州基韦斯特进行的使用了上千个诱蚊产卵器的研究中,最终这些充满水的容器中生产了蚊子。
此外,诱蚊产卵器仅使用杀成虫剂,其无法有效地杀死蚊子幼虫。
图1显示了现有技术中致死性诱蚊产卵器的一个示例,使用其上带有杀虫剂的纸条P,纸条P挂在水W中,水W充满容器C。
因此,人们需要针对现有技术中上述问题的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供用于杀死蚊子成虫及其幼虫的双功能致死性容器、***和方法。
本发明的第二个目的是提供用于杀死蚊子成虫及其幼虫的全新、持久的涂料、组合物和配方。
本发明的第三个目的是提供杀死将诱蚊产卵器作为产卵地点的雌蚊成虫以及来自雌蚊在被杀成虫剂处理杀死前所产下任意卵的幼虫的双功能诱蚊产卵器容器、***和方法。
本发明的第四个目的是提供用作容器内衬的持久性杀虫涂料,其能够避免将杀虫剂直接涂覆在致死性诱蚊产卵器表面时发生的杀虫活性快速降解。
本发明的第五个目的是提供用作容器内衬的缓释杀虫剂涂料,从而在人与经处理表面意外接触时最小化人对杀虫剂的暴露。
本发明的第六个方面是提供用作容器内衬的缓释杀虫剂涂料的用途,其使用不同的活性组分以杀死成虫和幼虫,能够延缓蚊子群体中杀虫剂抗性的发展并提供对疾病载体更高效的控制。
本发明的第七个方面是提供用作容器内衬的缓释杀虫剂涂料的用途,其能够最小化环境污染、非目标性暴露和杀虫剂引起人和动物意外中毒的概率。
与将杀虫剂直接涂覆在致死性诱蚊产卵器内表面不同,持久性杀虫涂料的使用提供了持久性控制。本发明在致死性诱蚊产卵器中加入杀幼虫剂。
可在涂料中加入添加剂以增强杀虫剂活性成分稳定性并使得杀虫剂缓释以在野外延长捕蚊器的部署时间。
添加剂的类型可包括但不限于CARBONXIDETM(饱和和不饱和烃的混合物,和其他化合物,一种影响材料的微孔孔隙率并防止老化作用的抗氧化剂),添加剂可参见Ture的美国专利5,401,310,其通过引用全文纳入本文。
CARBONXIDETM已由一家来自意大利塔兰托的耐火创新技术公司雷夫拉萨德国际有限公司(Refrasud International s.r.l.)制造。其他类型的添加剂可包括增效剂,例如但不限于胡椒基丁醚(PBO)、MGK-264、依芬普司和除虫菊酯。
可向持久性涂料中加入增效剂以克服蚊子群体中的杀虫剂抗性。该涂料不仅能够保护杀虫活性成分,还能够保护增效剂,使其不会随时间发生降解。此外,单一涂料中具有不同作用模式的杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂的组合能够使生产更为简便。
该双功能诱蚊产卵器可在零售市场(供需要对其房产进行除蚊的房主使用)和专业市场(供蚊子控制区、虫害控制操作者、武装部队、人道主义机构和在不同情况下涉及控蚊的其他人员使用)出售。
持久性杀虫剂涂料可在需要虫害控制的情况中以其他用途出售。这类涂料可用于建筑外墙、内墙和蚊子及其他传播疾病的昆虫可能停留或聚集的任何其他表面。
双功能致死诱蚊产卵型容器可用于杀死蚊子及其幼虫。可使用杀虫涂料覆盖杯子的内部。可在内表面、上表面涂覆杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂能够在蚊子成虫停留其上产卵时将其杀死,并且可在内下表面涂覆能够杀死卵中产生的幼蚊的杀幼虫剂,或在捕蚊器的内部涂覆杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂的组合。
蚊子成虫被吸引至杯内的水中产卵。当它们停留在经涂覆的表面上时,它们被杀死。如果它们在死亡前产卵,则杀幼虫剂会杀死卵孵化的幼虫。可在防止杀虫剂分解的特殊涂覆材料中混合杀虫剂和杀幼虫剂。所述涂料还设计用于提供杀虫剂的定时释放。
可在杀虫涂料中加入吸引蚊子的颜色。该双重致死性诱蚊产卵器可用于控制作为登革热、西尼罗病毒、黄热病和其他病原体载体的蚊子。
将杀虫剂包埋在我们的双重致死性诱蚊产卵器的涂料中能够保护活性成分和/或增效剂使其不被诱蚊产卵器中的水降解,并使得活性成分随时间缓释以杀死蚊子。如果蚊子在死亡前产卵,同样包埋在涂料中的杀幼虫剂受到保护而免于降解并随时间缓释以杀死任何从蚊卵中孵化出的幼虫。该诱蚊产卵器的双功能确保该装置不会因杀成虫剂活性成分的降解而产生蚊子。
可从下文中经附图示意性说明的目前优选的实施方式的详细描述中清楚地了解本发明的其他目的和优势。
附图简要说明
图1显示了现有技术的致死性诱蚊产卵器,其使用带有杀虫剂的纸条,纸条挂在充满水的容器中。
图2是一个全新容器的侧截面图,该容器含有两种不同的内层涂料,在容器的孔以上部分具有全新的杀成虫剂涂料,在容器的一系列孔以下部分具有全新的杀幼虫剂涂料。
图3是另一个全新容器的侧截面图,该容器内部具有全新的杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料。
图4是图2和3容器的侧外视图,显示一系列孔上下的容器外壁。
图5显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数之间关系的柱状图,在埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与CARBONXIDETM添加剂组合的涂料暴露2小时后测量。
图6显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数之间关系的柱状图,在白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与CARBONXIDETM添加剂组合的涂料暴露2小时后测量。
图7显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数之间关系的柱状图,在埃及伊蚊对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与CARBONXIDETM添加剂组合的涂料暴露24小时后测量。
图8显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数之间关系的柱状图,在白纹伊蚊对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与CARBONXIDETM添加剂组合的涂料暴露24小时后测量。
图9是蚊子幼虫和成虫存活率与对诱蚊产卵器暴露的小时数之间关系的图表,该诱蚊产卵器使用含苄氯菊酯和吡丙醚的涂料处理。
图10是蚊子幼虫和成虫存活率与对诱蚊产卵器暴露的小时数之间关系的图表,该诱蚊产卵器使用只含苄氯菊酯的涂料处理。
图11是蚊子幼虫和成虫存活率与对诱蚊产卵器暴露的小时数之间关系的图表,该诱蚊产卵器使用只含吡丙醚的涂料处理。
优选实施方式的说明
在详细解释本发明公开的实施方式前,应理解不应将本发明的应用限于所示具体排布的细节,因为本发明还能够以其他实施方式实施。另外,本文所用术语旨在描述而非限制目的。
图2显示了一个全新容器的侧截面图,该容器内部具有两个不同的内涂料层4,5,围绕容器的孔2以上部分是全新的杀成虫剂涂料层5,围绕容器的一系列孔2以下部分是全新的杀幼虫剂涂料层4。该容器可与图1所示容器C类似。在一系列水平的水位孔2上方可以是杀成虫剂涂料层5,在水位孔2下方是杀幼虫剂涂料层4。孔2能够在容器中维持水位6。
产生具有分开的杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂层的诱蚊产卵器的步骤可包括以下:
i.获得优选的涂料基础;
ii.通过加入杀成虫剂活性成分并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM)和任何增效剂来制备杀成虫剂涂料;
iii.通过加入杀幼虫剂活性成分并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM)和任何增效剂来制备杀幼虫剂涂料;
iv.使用杀幼虫剂涂料涂覆容器(8-32盎司)内侧的下半部分;
v.使用杀成虫剂涂料涂覆容器内侧的上半部分;
vi.可在顶部杀成虫剂涂料层和底部杀幼虫剂涂料层之间中线处的容器壁上添加排液口;以及
vii.可添加连接装置(如绳、钩等)以辅助将双功能诱蚊产卵器固定在野外地点。
图3是另一个全新容器的侧截面图,该容器的内壁上具有杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料层3。
生产具有的杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料层的诱蚊产卵器的步骤可包括以下:
i.获得优选的涂料基础;
ii.通过加入杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂活性成分并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM)和任何增效剂来制备涂料;
iii.使用混合的杀成虫剂/杀幼虫剂涂料涂覆容器(8-32盎司)内侧;
iv.可在涂料层中线处的容器壁上添加排液口以防止水完全充满容器;以及
v.可添加连接装置(如绳、钩等)以辅助将双功能诱蚊产卵器固定在野外地点。
图4显示了图2和3中一系列排液口2以上和以下容器侧壁1的侧外视图。
以下方法A、B、C和D列举了用于评估所用不同涂料的实验流程方法。
A.评估杀成虫剂涂料所用方法的流程包括以下步骤:
i.获得优选的涂料基础;
ii.加入杀成虫剂(拟除虫菊酯)并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM)以配制不同配方的杀虫剂;
iii.将涂料涂覆在木板上;
iv.在模拟的环境条件下使木板老化;
v.准备蚊子成虫使用的外壳,在经涂覆的木板上倒置一4盎司塑料杯;
vi.将蚊子成虫置于外壳杯中以使其暴露于杀虫涂料;
vii.在暴露后1小时、2小时和24小时测量蚊子的死亡率;
viii.收集数据并进行统计分析以确定杀成虫剂涂料的效果。
B.评估杀幼虫剂涂料所用方法的流程可包括:
i.获得优选的涂料层基础;
ii.加入杀幼虫剂(昆虫生长调节剂)并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM);
iii.涂覆滤纸并空气干燥1-3天;
iv.准备蚊子幼虫使用的外壳;
a.将经涂覆的滤纸置于4盎司玻璃瓶中;
b.使用非氯化水或蒸馏水充满瓶;
v.将蚊子幼虫置于瓶上;
vi.以12小时间隔测量蚊子幼虫死亡率直至所有幼虫均死亡或孵化为成虫;
vii.收集数据并进行统计分析以确定杀成虫剂涂料的效果。
C.评估致死性诱蚊产卵器中涂覆的杀成虫剂涂料所用方法的流程可包括:
i.获得优选的涂料层基础;
ii.加入杀成虫剂(拟除虫菊酯)并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM);
iii.涂覆滤纸并空气干燥1-3天;
iv.准备产卵杯;
a.将经涂覆的滤纸置于4盎司塑料杯中;
b.使用非氯化水或蒸馏水充满半杯;
v.准备怀卵(“妊娠”)雌虫使用的外壳;
a.在3加仑桶的侧面切割1英寸的孔;
b.使用泡沫覆盖孔的1/2;
vi.将产卵杯置于怀卵雌虫外壳桶中;
vii.用网覆盖桶以防止蚊子成虫逃出;
viii.将怀卵雌虫置于怀卵雌虫外壳桶中;
viiii.以12小时间隔测量蚊子死亡率直至卵产在产卵杯上;
ix.对滤纸上的卵进行计数;
x.收集数据并进行统计分析以确定杀成虫剂涂料的效果。
D.评估双功能诱蚊产卵器所用方法的流程可包括:
i.获得优选的涂料层基础;
ii.加入杀成虫剂(拟除虫菊酯)、杀幼虫剂(昆虫生长调节剂)并在需要时加入添加剂(CARBONXIDETM);
a.还只使用杀成虫剂或只使用杀幼虫剂制备涂料以用作比较;
iii.涂覆滤纸并空气干燥1-3天;
iv.准备产卵容器;
a.将经涂覆的滤纸置于4盎司塑料杯中;
b.使用非氯化水或蒸馏水充满半杯;
v.准备怀卵(“妊娠”)雌虫使用的外壳;
a.在3加仑桶的侧面切割1英寸的孔;
b.使用泡沫覆盖孔的1/2;
vi.在产卵容器上添加蚊子幼虫;
vii.将产卵容器置于外壳桶上;
viii.用网覆盖桶以防止蚊子成虫逃出;
ix.将怀卵雌虫置于外壳桶上;
x.以12小时间隔测量蚊子成虫和幼虫的死亡率直至所有幼虫均死亡或孵化为成虫;
xi.对滤纸上的卵进行计数;
xii.收集数据并进行统计分析以确定杀成虫剂涂料的效果;
上述方案A和B被用作双功能诱蚊产卵器开发前的概念验证实验。测试期间昆虫暴露于老化的杀虫涂料。
方案C用于测试只含杀成虫剂的涂料对于暴露于经处理的诱蚊产卵器的蚊子成虫的效果。
方案D用于测试双功能诱蚊产卵器中杀成虫剂-杀幼虫剂组合。对于该实验,只含杀成虫剂和只含杀幼虫剂的涂料也用于提供各产品单独效果的信息。
实验:2小时_死亡_埃及伊蚊_老化_涂料说明
图5显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数关系柱状图,在埃及伊蚊对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与添加剂CARBONXIDETM组合的涂料暴露2小时后测量。对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者其与添加剂CARBONXIDETM组合的涂料暴露2小时后,埃及伊蚊的死亡率为30至100%,与涂料层施涂的老化无关。与不含添加剂的涂料相比,含有添加剂的涂料几乎总是产生较高的蚊子死亡率。在所有使用老化涂料的实验中,对照死亡率是最低的。
对于所有老化实验,通过在室温(22℃)下在实验室中储存经涂覆的木板来实现短期老化,而通过将经涂覆的木板置于60℃下的烘箱中实现长期老化(大于24天),其中1天的加速老化大约对应于22℃下10天。
实验:2小时_死亡_白纹伊蚊_老化_涂料说明
图6显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数关系柱状图,在白纹伊蚊对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与添加剂Carbonxide组合的涂料暴露2小时后测量。对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者其与添加剂Carbonxide组合的涂料暴露2小时后,白纹伊蚊的死亡率为10至100%,与涂料层施涂的老化无关。与不含添加剂的涂料相比,含有添加剂的涂料几乎总是产生较高的蚊子死亡率。
实验:24小时_死亡_埃及伊蚊_老化_涂料说明
图7显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数关系柱状图,在埃及伊蚊对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与添加剂Carbonxide组合的涂料暴露24小时后测量。在对所有杀虫涂料暴露24小时时实现了100%埃及伊蚊死亡率,与约2年的老化或涂料的组成无关。
实验:24小时_死亡_白纹伊蚊_老化_涂料说明
图8显示了蚊子成虫死亡百分比与涂料老化天数关系柱状图,在白纹伊蚊对只含杀虫剂苄氯菊酯或者含有苄氯菊酯与添加剂Carbonxide组合的涂料暴露24小时后测量。在对所有杀虫涂料暴露24小时时实现了100%白纹伊蚊死亡率,与约2年的老化或涂料的组成无关。
实验:苄氯菊酯_吡丙醚_图说明
图9是蚊子幼虫和成虫存活率与对诱蚊产卵器暴露的小时数之间关系的图表,该诱蚊产卵器使用含苄氯菊酯和吡丙醚的涂料处理。使用含有苄氯菊酯(主要用作杀成虫剂但也有杀幼虫作用)和吡丙醚(没有杀成虫作用的杀幼虫剂)的涂料处理诱蚊产卵器时,可迅速杀死蚊子幼虫,而不发生成虫死亡直至雌虫开始产卵并因此暴露于杀成虫剂后。幼虫死亡是由于苄氯菊酯和吡丙醚组合被释放入幼虫存活的水中。成虫死亡只是由于怀卵雌虫试图产卵而停留在诱蚊产卵器侧壁上时接触到苄氯菊酯。
图10是蚊子幼虫和成虫存活率与对诱蚊产卵器暴露的小时数之间关系的图表,该诱蚊产卵器使用只含苄氯菊酯的涂料处理。使用只含苄氯菊酯(主要用作杀成虫剂但也有杀幼虫作用)的涂料处理诱蚊产卵器时,可迅速杀死蚊子幼虫,这是由于苄氯菊酯被释放入幼虫存活的水中。不发生成虫死亡直至雌虫开始产卵并因此暴露于杀成虫剂后,成虫死亡是由于怀卵雌虫停留在诱蚊产卵器侧壁上时接触到苄氯菊酯。
图11是蚊子幼虫和成虫存活率与对诱蚊产卵器暴露的小时数之间关系的图表,该诱蚊产卵器使用只含吡丙醚的涂料处理。使用只含吡丙醚(没有杀成虫作用的杀幼虫剂)的涂料处理诱蚊产卵器时,可在蚊子开始蜕皮进入蛹期时迅速将其杀死。吡丙醚干扰发育过程并阻止蛹的发育,因此不会孵化出成虫。由于成虫不经历蛹化过程,吡丙醚没有杀成虫剂作用,因此成虫仅发生正常死亡。
表1列出了可用作容器中单个内衬的杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料层的主要成分,以及各成分的范围和优选百分比。
表1
表2列出了杀成虫剂涂料的主要成分,以及各成分的范围和优选百分比。
表2
表3列出了杀幼虫剂涂料的主要成分,以及各成分的范围和优选百分比。
表3
表4列出了可在容器内涂料层中使用的杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂涂料成分的其他实施例,以及杀成虫杀幼虫混合涂料的各组分范围和优选百分比。
表4
表5列出了杀成虫剂涂料的主要成分,以及各成分的范围和优选百分比。
表5
表6列出了杀幼虫剂涂料的主要成分,以及各成分的范围和优选百分比。
表6
尽管本发明已经多次根据实践中假定的某些实施方式或修改方式描述、公开、说明并显示,但本发明的范围没有也不应因此受到限制,由本文教导所暗示的这类其他修改方式或实施方式得到特别地保留,尤其当其落入所附权利要求的宽度和范围中时。
Claims (62)
1.一种用于杀死昆虫及其幼虫的双功能容器,所述容器包括:
具有封闭的底部和闭合的侧壁以及开放的顶部的外壳;
基本位于所述封闭的底部和开放的顶部中间的环绕分布于所述外壳上的多个排液口;
位于所述外壳内表面上、所述多个排液口上方的杀成虫剂涂料层;以及
位于所述外壳内表面上、所述多个排液口下方的杀幼虫剂涂料层,其中所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料随时间杀死昆虫成虫及其幼虫。
2.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料包括:苄氯菊酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀幼虫剂涂料包括:吡丙醚。
4.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述昆虫包括蚊子。
5.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种包括用作不发生降解的持久性杀虫剂的混合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种包括使杀虫剂缓慢随时间释放的添加剂。
7.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料包含在蚊子成虫停留产卵时将其杀死的杀虫剂,以及杀死从所述卵中孵化的蚊子幼虫的所述杀幼虫剂涂料。
8.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种包括将所述昆虫吸引至所述涂料的颜色。
9.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种使增效剂稳定以克服昆虫中的杀虫剂抗性。
10.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种包括颜料。
11.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种包括塑性涂料。
12.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料和所述杀幼虫剂涂料中的至少一种包括塑性浸渍。
13.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料是选自拟除虫菊酯、有机磷酸酯或氨基甲酸酯的杀虫剂。
14.如权利要求13所述的双功能容器,所述拟除虫菊酯选自苄氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯或联苯菊酯。
15.如权利要求13所述的双功能容器,所述有机磷酸酯选自毒死蜱或二嗪农。
16.如权利要求13所述的双功能容器,所述氨基甲酸酯是残杀威。
17.如权利要求13所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂涂料包括选自胡椒基丁醚、MGK-264、依芬普司和除虫菊酯的增效剂。
18.如权利要求1所述的双功能容器,所述杀幼虫剂涂料是选自苏云金杆芽孢菌以色列亚种、烯虫酯、吡丙醚或多杀菌素的杀虫剂。
19.如权利要求18所述的双功能容器,所述杀幼虫剂涂料包括选自胡椒基丁醚、MGK-264、依芬普司和除虫菊酯的增效剂。
20.一种用于杀死昆虫及其幼虫的双功能容器,所述容器包括:
具有封闭的底部和闭合的侧壁以及开放的顶部的外壳;
基本位于所述封闭的底部和开放的顶部中间处的环绕分布于所述外壳上的多个排液口;
包含杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂的混合涂料层,所述涂料层位于所述外壳内表面上所述多个排液口的上方和下方,其中所述混合涂料随时间杀死昆虫成虫及其幼虫。
21.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述杀幼虫剂包括:吡丙醚。
22.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述杀成虫剂包括:苄氯菊酯。
23.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括:苄氯菊酯和吡丙醚。
24.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述昆虫包括蚊子。
25.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括用作不发生降解的持久性杀虫剂的混合物。
26.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括使杀虫剂缓慢随时间释放的添加剂。
27.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括将所述昆虫吸引至所述涂料的颜色。
28.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料使增效剂稳定以克服抗性。
29.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括颜料。
30.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括塑性涂料。
31.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料包括塑性浸渍。
32.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料中的所述杀成虫剂是选自拟除虫菊酯、有机磷酸酯或氨基甲酸酯的杀虫剂。
33.如权利要求32所述的双功能容器,所述拟除虫菊酯选自苄氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯或联苯菊酯。
34.如权利要求32所述的双功能容器,所述有机磷酸酯选自毒死蜱或二嗪农。
35.如权利要求32所述的双功能容器,所述氨基甲酸酯是残杀威。
36.如权利要求32所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料中的所述杀幼虫剂是选自苏云金杆芽孢菌以色列亚种、烯虫酯、吡丙醚和多杀菌素的杀虫剂。
37.一种用于杀死蚊子的杀成虫杀幼虫混合组合物,所述组合物包含:杀成虫活性组分和杀幼虫活性组分。
38.如权利要求37所述的混合涂料组合物,所述杀成虫组分是选自拟除虫菊酯、有机磷酸酯或氨基甲酸酯的杀虫剂;且所述杀幼虫组分是选自苏云金杆芽孢菌以色列亚种、烯虫酯、吡丙醚和多杀菌素的杀虫剂。
39.如权利要求6所述的双功能容器,所述添加剂包括:饱和和不饱和烃的混合物,用作影响材料的微孔孔隙率并防止老化作用的抗氧化剂。
40.如权利要求6所述的双功能容器,所述添加剂包括:CARBONXIDETM。
41.如权利要求26所述的双功能容器,所述添加剂包括:饱和和不饱和烃的混合物,用作影响材料的微孔孔隙率并防止老化作用的抗氧化剂。
42.如权利要求26所述的双功能容器,所述添加剂包括:CARBONXIDETM。
43.如权利要求20所述的双功能容器,所述混合涂料层还包括选自胡椒基丁醚、MGK-264、依芬普司和除虫菊酯的增效剂。
44.一种用于容器内壁衬料的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层用于杀死蚊子成虫及其幼虫,所述混合涂料层包括:包含杀成虫剂和杀幼虫剂的单个混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层位于容器内表面上,所述混合涂料层随时间杀死昆虫成虫及其幼虫。
45.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述杀幼虫剂包括吡丙醚。
46.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述杀成虫剂包括苄氯菊酯。
47.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括:苄氯菊酯和吡丙醚。
48.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括使杀虫剂缓慢随时间释放的添加剂。
49.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括将所述昆虫吸引至所述涂料层的颜色。
50.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层使增效剂稳定以克服抗性。
51.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括颜料。
52.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括塑性涂料。
53.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括塑性浸渍。
54.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层中的所述杀成虫剂是选自拟除虫菊酯、有机磷酸酯或氨基甲酸酯的杀虫剂。
55.如权利要求54所述的混合涂料层,所述拟除虫菊酯选自苄氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯或联苯菊酯。
56.如权利要求54所述的混合涂料层,所述有机磷酸酯选自毒死蜱或二嗪农。
57.如权利要求54所述的混合涂料层,所述氨基甲酸酯是残杀威。
58.如权利要求54所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层中的所述杀幼虫剂是选自苏云金杆芽孢菌以色列亚种、烯虫酯、吡丙醚和多杀菌素的杀虫剂。
59.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层包括使杀虫剂缓慢随时间释放的添加剂。
60.如权利要求59所述的混合涂料层,所述添加剂包括:饱和和不饱和烃的混合物,用作影响材料的微孔孔隙率并防止老化作用的抗氧化剂。
61.如权利要求59所述的混合涂料层,所述添加剂包括:CARBONXIDETM。
62.如权利要求44所述的混合涂料层,所述混合涂料层还包括选自胡椒基丁醚、MGK-264、依芬普司和除虫菊酯的增效剂。
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WO2013159023A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US9554567B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
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EP2838342B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
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US20130276355A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
BR112014026032A2 (pt) | 2018-10-16 |
ES2782529T3 (es) | 2020-09-15 |
CN104507302B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
US9192151B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
US20160029611A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
AU2013249080B2 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
MX351108B (es) | 2017-10-02 |
AU2013249080A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
US9992989B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
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