CN104501731A - Low-coherence multiplexing quasi-distribution optical fiber strain measurement system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber connection and particularly relates to a low-coherence multiplexing quasi-distribution optical fiber strain measurement system based on a Sagnac-Fizeau cascaded demodulation interferometer. The low-coherence multiplexing quasi-distribution optical fiber strain measurement system consists of a broadband optical source, a four-port optical fiber circulator, the Sagnac-Fizeau cascaded demodulation interferometer, a transmission optical fiber, an optical fiber sensor array, a photoelectric detection signal amplifier and a signal processing unit, wherein light emitted by the broadband optical source is inputted to the Sagnac-Fizeau cascaded demodulation interferometer via the four-port optical fiber circulator; the Sagnac-Fizeau cascaded demodulation interferometer generates two bundles of enquiry optical signals with adjustable optical path difference. As the four-port optical fiber circulator is used, a signal fed back to the optical source is eliminated, the stability of the optical source is improved, the utilization rate of the power of the optical source is improved, the light emitted by the optical source can be fully utilized, and the reusability of a sensing system is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber optic connection technology field, what be specifically related to is the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of a kind of Low coherence based on Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument.
Background technology
One of advantage of Fiber White-light Interferometer can realize multiplexed exactly easily.In respective coherent length, only there is single optical interference signals in multiple sensor, does not thus need more complicated time or channeling technology to process signal.In recent years, white light interference sensing technology obtains vigorous growth, and one of them focus is exactly developed the multiple Fibre Optical Sensor based on multiplexing technique and test macro, for straining, the measurement of the physical quantity such as temperature, pressure.Its development of multiplexing technique is mainly due in actual measurement and Test Application, the sensing of single physical amount and single location point, far can not meet the requirement of people's or system state perception overall to things, this often needs to carry out online or real-time measurement to distribution that is multiple or multiple spot physical quantity.Such as to the Non-Destructive Testing of large scale structure (power station, dam, bridge etc.) with monitoring to determine in the process of its safety, Fibre Optical Sensor is needed to implant key position, and be built into monitoring network, the stress of its inside, the information such as strain and temperature are extracted.Therefore, number of sensors is generally tens or up to a hundred, if test macro only connects with one point sensing device, its test cost will improve greatly undoubtedly, reduce system reliability simultaneously.Adopt multiplexing technique, utilize same demodulating system to carry out inquiry to the metrical information of multiple sensor, this not only greatly simplify system complexity, and makes measuring accuracy and reliability have also been obtained guarantee.Meanwhile, due to multiplexing technique, reduce the cost of one point sensing device, thus testing expense is greatly reduced, improve cost performance, make Fibre Optical Sensor have more advantage compared with traditional sensors.
The restriction that white light interference optical fiber sensing device can avoid the signal of a lot of long coherence length to run into effectively and problem.A major advantage of space division multiplexing white light interference optical fiber sensing device to measure absolute growth and time delay.In addition, because the coherent length of transducing signal is short, the time exsiccation can eliminating system parasitic light is disturbed.Another advantage of space division multiplexing white light interference technique does not need the time division multiplex of relative complex or frequency multiplexing technique just can by multiple sensor coherent multiplexing in a signal.Space division multiplexing technology is that the light path by using scanning interferometer (as Michelson interferometer) to realize flashlight and reference light matches and realizes.If the light path of two paths of signals light matches, white-light fringe can be observed in the output signal of interferometer.Can realize high-precision absolute measurement, the parameter that can measure comprises position, displacement, strain and temperature etc.
In actual applications, especially in the monitoring of building structure, usually need quasi-distributed measurement building structure being grown to distance, multiple spot.But for traditional Fiber White-light Interferometer structure, the length of sensor fibre is subject to the restriction of the range of adjustment of variable sweep arm.In addition, even if can obtain the range of adjustment of long distance, the loss that light signal transmits in the space optical path of long distance also can be very large.
For solving the problem, nineteen ninety-five U.S. H-P company Wayne V.Sorin and Douglas M.Baney discloses a kind of multiplexing method (United States Patent (USP): the patent No. 5557400) of the white light interference sensor based on light path autocorrelator, based on Michelson interferometer structure, mating between the optical path difference utilizing light signal to be formed between Michelson interferometer fixed arm and variable sweep arm and former and later two end face reflection light signal optical path differences of Fibre Optical Sensor, realizes light path auto-correlation, obtain the white light interference signal of this sensor, recycling changes scan arm and mates one by one with each sensor in multiple end to end serial fibre optic sensor arra with the path difference of light between fixed arm, complete the multiplexed of Fibre Optical Sensor.
In addition, applicant in Low coherence strand disclosed in 2007 and 2008 turn round formula class Sagnac optical-fiber deformation sensor (Chinese patent: 200710072350.9) and space division multiplexing Mach-Zehnder cascade type optical fiber interferometer and measuring method (China Patent No.: ZL 200810136824.6) be mainly used to the problem of anti-breaking-up in solution Fibre Optical Sensor multiplexed arrays the procedures of establishment; Composite instrument (Chinese patent: ZL 200810136819.5) and the twin array Michelson optical fiber white light interference strain gage (China Patent No.: ZL200810136820.8) of applicant optical fiber Mach-Zehnder and Michelson interferometer array disclosed in 2008 are mainly used in solving the multiplexed middle temperature of white light fibre optic interferometer to measurements interference, and temperature and strain measure problem simultaneously; Applicant a kind of simplifying type multiplexing white light interference optical fiber sensing demodulating equipment (Chinese patent: ZL 200810136826.5) and the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array (Chinese patent: ZL 200810136833.5) based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity disclosed in 2008, introducing ring cavity, F-P cavity light path autocorrelator are mainly used in the topological structure simplifying multiplexed interferometer, structure is light path form altogether, improves temperature stability; Applicant disclosed in 2008 a kind of double-datum length low coherent optical fiber ring network apparatus for sensing demodulating (Chinese Patent Application No.: the 200810136821.2) introducing of 4 × 4 fiber coupler light path autocorrelators, object measures problem while of solving many reference sensors.
But above-mentioned based in the interferometer structure of space division multiplexing, light source power decay is large, light source utilization rate is low, and the light sent by light source, only has a less part to reach sensor array, is detected device and receives formation interference pattern.With light channel structure disclosed in W.V.Sorin, when the light signal of sensor array reflection is by fiber coupler 1, only have the light of half to enter Michelson autocorrelator, and second half light fall along the optical path loss be connected with light source.In addition, enter the light of Michelson autocorrelator, when overcoupling device 2, only have again half light to enter photodetector after being reflected by catoptron, second half light feeds back in coupling mechanism 1.Therefore, this structure only has at most the light source power of 1/4 to have contribution to sensing process.In addition, light through coupling mechanism 1 feedback directly can enter light source, although the light source type used is wide spectrum optical, compared with LASER Light Source, very inresponsive to feedback, but excessive signal power feedback, particularly for the light source that the spontaneous radiation gains such as SLD and ASE are larger, feedback light can cause the larger noise of light source.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple and compact for structure, easy multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of Low coherence based on Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument of operation adjustment.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of Low coherence, by wide spectrum light source 1, four fiber port circulators 2, Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument 3, Transmission Fibers 4, fibre optic sensor arra 5, photodetection signal amplifier 6 and signal processing unit 7 form, the light that wide spectrum light source sends is via being injected into Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument after four fiber port circulators, two bundles that Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument produces optical path difference adjustable inquire light signal, fibre optic sensor arra is admitted to by Transmission Fibers via after four fiber port circulators, the interference signal light reflected by sensor array passes through Transmission Fibers again, also be exaggerated by photoelectric detector via four fiber port circulators, signal provides measurement result finally by by after signal processing unit processes.
Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument is by being connected to form Sagnac optical fibre ring catoptron and an optical fiber GRIN Lens collimating apparatus, optical fiber GRIN Lens collimating apparatus is fixed on the pedestal of an accurate slippage platform, planar wave catoptron is fixed on can on the platform of slippage, face optical fiber GRIN Lens collimating apparatus, constitute the Fizeau interferometer that a light path is adjustable.
Fibre optic sensor arra is made up of the Fibre Optical Sensor that is connected in series successively of head and the tail, and Fibre Optical Sensor forms with the single-mode fiber of fiber stub the single-mode fiber section that a series of length do not wait by one section of two ends and forms end to end serial array.
Optical Fiber Sensing Array connects by the gating increasing by 1 × M multi-channel optical fibre switch Fibre Optical Sensor matrix M Optical Fiber Sensing Array being configured to a N × M.
Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument and accurate distribution optical fiber sensor array carried out be connected by four fiber port circulators.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The invention discloses the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of a kind of Low coherence based on Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument.Can be used for Real-Time Monitoring and the measurement of the physical quantitys such as the distribution strain of multiple spot standard or accurate Temperature Distribution, the fields such as large-sized intelligent structure monitoring can be widely used in.It adopts fiber optical circulator to connect Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument, fibre optic sensor arra and photodetector, the signal that Fibre Optical Sensor is reflected all is coupled in photodetector, with compared with first technology, due to the use of four fiber port circulators, eliminate the signal of feedback into light source, improve the stability of light source, enhance the utilization factor of light source power simultaneously, the light that light source can be made to send all is utilized, and also further increases the multiplexing capacity of sensor-based system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of Low coherence based on Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument.
Fig. 2 is on the basis of the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of the Low coherence shown in Fig. 1, adds 1 × M multi channel selecting fiber switch 8, constitutes one N × M Fibre Optical Sensor matrix fibre strain Distributed Measurement System.
Fig. 3 is on the basis of Fig. 1, by four fiber port circulator port b and port c interconnective Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument and accurate distribution optical fiber sensor array in the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of this Low coherence, both first latter linked order is exchanged, and the system after exchange still has identical validity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
This accurate profile fiber strain measurement system is made up of Low coherence wide spectrum light source, the Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument scanned as space division multiplexing, fibre optic sensor arra and photosignal reception amplifier and signal processing unit.This system is connected in turn around four fiber port circulators.First light from Low coherence wide spectrum light source 1 (such as: ASE light source) enter the port a of optical fiber circulator, via outlet b, arrives the Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument 3 that light path is adjustable.The effect of this Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument has two, and one is that the light from same light source is divided into two bundles; Two is make this two-beam signal produce adjustable optical path difference.Structurally be made up of following device: a Sagnac optical fibre ring catoptron and an optical fiber collimator are interconnected, what face with optical fiber collimator is the adjustable scanning reflection mirror of a light path, thus constitutes the adjustable Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument of space light path.Light from light source be divided into after Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument there is certain optical path difference two-beam after the b port of four fiber port circulators, fibre optic sensor arra 5 is admitted to by Transmission Fibers 4 by port c, in fibre optic sensor arra, the interface be connected to each other due to every section of optical fiber all can reflect, so the light reflected by each fiber reflection face is after Transmission Fibers 4, by the port d of four fiber port circulators receive by photodetector, this signal is exaggerated after device 6 amplifies and arrives at signal acquiring and processing system 7, analysis and treament is carried out to signal.
Because this fibre optic sensor arra is formed by N section optical fiber head and the tail serial connection, just constitute N number of sensor array.The length of every section of sensor fibre is respectively l
1, l
2..., l
n, with the two optical path difference L produced in Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument
0length close, the length of every section of optical fiber is all different, and meets following relation
nL
0+X
j＝nl
j,j＝1,2...N (1)
In formula, n is the refractive index of fiber cores, and has l
i≠ l
j, thus have X
i≠ X
j, that is each sensor corresponds to separately independently locus, and when applying a distributed stress on sensor fibre, the length of each sensor is respectively from l
1become l
1+ Δ l
1, l
2become l
2+ Δ l
2..., l
nbecome l
n+ Δ l
n, so can obtain this distributed strain is
By the scanning repeatedly to change in optical path length, during for any i-th sensor, sensor length l can be obtained by measuring
ivariable quantity
divided by known length amount l
irecord the mean strain on each section of optical fiber.
In order to further expand the quantity of Fibre Optical Sensor, the number of Optical Fiber Sensing Array also can be increased to M array by the present invention in the system shown in figure 1, like this, optical fiber sensing system connects by the gating increasing by 1 × M multi-channel optical fibre switch 8, M the Optical Fiber Sensing Array that often row contain N number of Fibre Optical Sensor is configured to a N × M Fibre Optical Sensor matrix, as shown in Figure 2.
When Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument and fibre optic sensor arra being interconnected by teletransmission optical fiber, there are two kinds of main modes: white light source is first delivered to Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument by the port b of four fiber port circulators by the first, light beam is divided into two-way and provides default optical path difference by this demodulated interferential instrument, and then by optical fiber circulator port c through teletransmission optical fiber arrive at fibre optic sensor arra carry out coupling interfere, finally again interference signal is transferred back to detector by port d, as shown in Figure 1; Second it be first by teletransmission optical fiber, light signal is delivered to fibre optic sensor arra by port b, carry out light splitting and generate measurement of optical path difference, and then transfer back to optical fiber circulator by teletransmission optical fiber, arrive demodulated interferential instrument through port c and realize light path coupling and interferometry, finally again interferometry signal is transferred back to detector by port d, as shown in Figure 3.Be all light reciprocity when all optical device in system and be linear, then both does not have essential distinction.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of Low coherence based on Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument.Fibre optic sensor arra 5, photodetection signal amplifier 6 and signal processing unit 7 that it is connected in sequence by wide spectrum light source 1, four fiber port circulator 2, Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument 3, Transmission Fibers 4, head and the tail form.The light that in system, wide spectrum light source 1 sends is via being injected into Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument 3 after four fiber port circulators 2, two bundles that this demodulated interferential instrument produces optical path difference adjustable inquire light signal, fibre optic sensor arra 5 is admitted to by Transmission Fibers 4 via after four fiber port circulators, the interference signal light reflected by sensor array 5 is again by Transmission Fibers 4, via four fiber port circulators 2 receive by photodetector 6 and be exaggerated, this signal provides measurement result finally by by after signal processing unit processes.
Fig. 2 is on the basis of the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of the Low coherence based on Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument shown in Fig. 1, add 1 × M multi channel selecting fiber switch 8, constitute one N × M Fibre Optical Sensor matrix fibre strain Distributed Measurement System.
Fig. 3 is on the basis of Fig. 1, should based in the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of Low coherence of Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument by four fiber port circulator port b and port c interconnective Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument and accurate distribution optical fiber sensor array, both first latter linked order is exchanged, and the system after exchange still has identical validity.
The situation that Fig. 1 is corresponding is, given Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument is reflection-type, and in this case, corresponding Topology connection belongs to the connection between typical 4, therefore needs employing four fiber port circulator.Illustrate more intuitively to provide further, in Fig. 1 with Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument for embodiment, give the connection array mode of typical light paths.Within the system, by four fiber port circulators, wideband A SE light source is injected in Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument by port a to port b.The effect of this light path correlator has two, and one is that the light from same light source is divided into two bundles; Two is make this two-beam signal produce adjustable optical path difference.Be divided into two bundles and the light signal with certain predetermined optical path difference leaves port b, by port c, then through teletransmission optical fiber, be admitted in Optical Fiber Sensing Array.Fibre Optical Sensor in this system is cut into by series of standards single-mode fiber and forms after the roughly equal fiber segment of length carries out cascade, the wherein length of each section of optical fiber all Different L
i≠ L
ji, j=1,2 ..., N, at this moment each section of optical fiber all can regard an independently length miniature deformation measuring instrument as, which forms quasi-distributed optical fiber measuring system, as shown in Figure 1.Namely this system can be used for the measurement of quasi-distributed strain, also can be used for realizing quasi-distributed temperature survey.Can be widely used in the intelligent structure health monitoring field of civil engineering work.
Claims (5)
1. the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of Low coherence, by wide spectrum light source (1), four fiber port circulators (2), Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument (3), Transmission Fibers (4), fibre optic sensor arra (5), photodetection signal amplifier (6) and signal processing unit (7) composition, it is characterized in that: the light that wide spectrum light source sends is via being injected into Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument after four fiber port circulators, two bundles that Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument produces optical path difference adjustable inquire light signal, fibre optic sensor arra is admitted to by Transmission Fibers via after four fiber port circulators, the interference signal light reflected by sensor array passes through Transmission Fibers again, also be exaggerated by photoelectric detector via four fiber port circulators, signal provides measurement result finally by by after signal processing unit processes.
2. the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of a kind of Low coherence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument is by being connected to form Sagnac optical fibre ring catoptron and an optical fiber GRIN Lens collimating apparatus, optical fiber GRIN Lens collimating apparatus is fixed on the pedestal of an accurate slippage platform, planar wave catoptron is fixed on can on the platform of slippage, face optical fiber GRIN Lens collimating apparatus, constitute the Fizeau interferometer that a light path is adjustable.
3. the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of a kind of Low coherence according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described fibre optic sensor arra is made up of the Fibre Optical Sensor that is connected in series successively of head and the tail, and Fibre Optical Sensor forms with the single-mode fiber of fiber stub the single-mode fiber section that a series of length do not wait by one section of two ends and forms end to end serial array.
4. the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of a kind of Low coherence according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described Optical Fiber Sensing Array connects by the gating of 1 × M multi-channel optical fibre switch Fibre Optical Sensor matrix M Optical Fiber Sensing Array being configured to a N × M.
5. the multiplexed accurate profile fiber strain measurement system of a kind of Low coherence according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Sagnac-Fizeau cascade connection type demodulated interferential instrument and accurate distribution optical fiber sensor array to be carried out being connected by four described fiber port circulators.
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| CN108106752A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-01 | 北京信息科技大学 | Fiber F-P temperature and the two-parameter sensing device of strain based on Sagnac rings |
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| CN117261047A (en) * | 2023-11-22 | 2023-12-22 | 广东美登新材料科技有限公司 | Polymer resin feeding monitoring device |
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