CN104501473A - Matching designing method of evaporator adapting to heat shock - Google Patents
Matching designing method of evaporator adapting to heat shock Download PDFInfo
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- CN104501473A CN104501473A CN201410720989.3A CN201410720989A CN104501473A CN 104501473 A CN104501473 A CN 104501473A CN 201410720989 A CN201410720989 A CN 201410720989A CN 104501473 A CN104501473 A CN 104501473A
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- evaporimeter
- thermal source
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- isotopes
- amount
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/18—Optimization, e.g. high integration of refrigeration components
Abstract
The invention discloses a matching designing method of an evaporator adapting to heat shock. The matching designing method is used to allow an isotope nuclear heat source and an evaporator to be in well contact at any temperature of -30-265 DEG C to ensure that a gravity drives effective heat coupling to be realized between the evaporator of a two-phase fluid loop and the isotope nuclear heat source. According to the matching designing method, a proper reference temperature is selected through optimal design to calculate a size of the evaporator of the fluid loop, and the size of the evaporator is slightly large consciously during manufacture of the evaporator, so that the problem of a stress damage risk caused by overlarge deformation of a sleeve of the isotope nuclear heat source when being at a high temperature on the day can be effectively solved, a shrinkage of the sleeve of the isotope nuclear heat source positioned at the center position can be less than that of the evaporator of the fluid loop positioned at the outer part when the sleeve is at a low temperature at the moonlight, and the sleeve of the isotope nuclear heat source and the evaporator of the fluid loop are extruded to deform, and are in good contact.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spacecraft Evolution of Thermal Control Technique field, particularly relate to a kind of evaporimeter adaptation design method adapting to thermal shock.
Background technology
In the thermal control design of the goddess in the moon's No. three rover and lander, all adopt weight-driven two-phase fluid loop as the heat transfer channel out of my cabin between Isotopes thermal source (RHU) and below deck equipment, thus realize the moonlit night insulation of below deck equipment.Two-phase fluid circuit system composition as shown in Figure 1, comprise evaporimeter 1 (comprising silk screen evaporimeter 7, liquid cyclone 8 and steam junction station 9), vapor line 2, condenser pipe 3, reservoir 4, liquid line 6 and control valve 5, wherein, condenser pipe 3 is positioned to be coupled above reservoir 4 gravitational field and with aluminium honeycomb panel 10 to be installed, the below being coupled with Isotopes thermal source that evaporimeter 1 is positioned at reservoir 4 gravitational field is installed, in reservoir 4 bottom liquid level and evaporimeter 1 between to form gravity supplementary height poor; Reservoir 4 is connected to evaporimeter 1 entrance by liquid line 6, and liquid line 6 is provided with control valve 5, and evaporimeter 1 exports and is connected to reservoir 4 by vapor line 2, condenser pipe 3 successively, forms the pipe-line system closed.Wherein, fluid circuit material is stainless steel, and working medium is ammonia.During moonlit night, control valve 5 is in open mode, evaporimeter 1 absorbs heat from Isotopes thermal source, working medium ammonia heat absorption evaporation in 4 silk screen evaporimeters 7, flows in steam junction station 9, flows to condensation in condenser pipe 3 and release heat along vapor line 2, liquid ammonia flows in reservoir 4, working medium ammonia flows out reservoir 4 under the force of gravity, through control valve 5, liquid line 6, liquid cyclone 8, is finally back in evaporimeter 1.During the daytime moon, control valve 5 is in closed condition, and the ammonia in the partially liq pipeline 5 after valve 5, liquid cyclone 8, silk screen evaporimeter 7, steam junction station 9, vapor line 2, partial condensation pipeline 3 will keep gaseous working medium ammonia.Because Isotopes thermal source is to the main heat transfer of leaning on stainless steel pipeline and steam working medium of leakage heat of condenser pipe 4 (i.e. instrument and equipment place place), at this moment little from the heat of Isotopes thermal source introducing condenser pipe.
Isotopes thermal source (Radioisotope Heater Unite, RHU) is the device producing heat when utilizing Isotopes source decay, comprises isotope heat source sleeve and is arranged on the Isotopes source in isotope heat source sleeve; Isotope heat source sleeve is provided with the mechanical interface and hot interface loop-coupled with weight-driven two-phase fluid that are connected with detector.
For reducing the loss of Isotopes thermal source, need the inwall close installation of isotope heat source sleeve and evaporimeter 1, and isotope heat source sleeve and evaporimeter can through 265 DEG C of high temperature in daytime in calendar month, the significantly variations in temperature of moonlit night-30 DEG C of low temperature, because isotope heat source sleeve (adopting 2A12 aluminium alloy) is different with the coefficient of expansion of evaporimeter 1 (selecting 316L stainless steel) material, when-30 DEG C ~ 265 DEG C of variations in temperature, can owing to causing stress damage, both are caused to occur loose contact, can not be coupled by available heat between evaporimeter with Isotopes thermal source, thus cause Isotopes heat from heat source effectively can not conduct to evaporimeter, and then affect the heat insulation effect of detector device.
Therefore, need to carry out matched design to evaporator size, make when-30 DEG C ~ 265 DEG C of arbitrary temps, Isotopes thermal source and evaporimeter all contact well.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of evaporimeter adaptation design method adapting to thermal shock, Isotopes thermal source and evaporimeter can be made all to contact when-30 DEG C ~ 265 DEG C of arbitrary temps good, guarantee can realize effective thermal coupling between the evaporimeter in weight-driven two-phase fluid loop and Isotopes thermal source.
The evaporimeter adaptation design method of adaptation thermal shock of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step 1, selects a fiducial temperature, calculates the isotope heat source sleeve dimensions under this fiducial temperature, according to the isotope heat source sleeve dimensions design fluid circuit evaporator size under this fiducial temperature, makes isotope heat source sleeve and evaporimeter outer wall close contact;
Step 2, according to the material expansion coefficient of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter, and the space typical case temperature in-orbit of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter, calculate the dilatancy amount of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter under moon high temperature in daytime, and the contraction distortion amount of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter under moonlit night low temperature;
Step 3, the dilatancy amount obtained according to step 2 and contraction distortion amount, under judging rail temperature where in office, whether meet the hot matching condition that makes and to keep between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter extruding between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter and Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter line bulging deformation amount is separately minimum; The hot matching condition extruded is kept to be between described Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter: during the daytime moon, Isotopes thermal source sleeve expansion amount is greater than the swell increment of fluid circuit evaporimeter, during the moonlit night, Isotopes thermal source sleeve collapses amount is less than the amount of contraction of fluid circuit evaporimeter; The minimum basis for estimation of described Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter line bulging deformation amount is separately: swell increment or approximately equal equal with amount of contraction;
Step 4, if coupling and line bulging deformation amount is minimum, then evaporator size be in step 1 obtain evaporator size; If not mate or line bulging deformation amount is not minimum, then reselect fiducial temperature, return step 1; Wherein, fiducial temperature selection gist is as follows: if be not mate month daytime or swell increment is greater than amount of contraction in step 3, then improve fiducial temperature; If the moonlit night does not mate or swell increment is less than amount of contraction, then reduce fiducial temperature.
Further, the initial value of described fiducial temperature is the equilibrium temperature of Isotopes thermal source under the normal temperature air of ground.
Further, evaporimeter is greater than mounting screw size for the size of the installing hole installing Isotopes thermal source sleeve.
Beneficial effect:
(1) adopt the inventive method can ensure within the scope of-30 DEG C ~ 265 DEG C full warm areas, the Contact of Isotopes source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter is good, guarantees can realize effective thermal coupling between fluid circuit evaporimeter and nuclear heat source.
(2) optimal design is passed through, select suitable fiducial temperature Fluid Computation loop evaporator size, size is bigger than normal during fabrication to make evaporimeter consciously, the Isotopes thermal source colleting deformation amount excessive stress damage risk caused when effectively can solve moon high temperature in daytime.When can also guarantee moonlit night low temperature, the Isotopes thermal source sleeve collapses amount being in center is less than the amount of contraction being in outside fluid circuit evaporimeter, and both will produce crimp simultaneously, and contact is good.
(3) method that installing hole suitably amplifies fixedly be have employed for the true part of Isotopes thermal source and fluid circuit evaporimeter to install, the hard-wired mismatch problem that can effectively avoid thermal deformation to cause.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is weight-driven two-phase fluid circuit diagram.
Fig. 2 is flow chart of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-evaporimeter, 2-steam pipework, 3-condenser pipe road, 4-reservoir, 5-control valve, 6-liquid line, 7-silk screen evaporimeter, 8-liquid cyclone, 9-steam convergence device, 10-aluminium honeycomb panel, 11-Isotopes thermal source.
Detailed description of the invention
To develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of evaporimeter adaptation design method adapting to thermal shock.
Isotopes thermal source sleeve adopts aluminium alloy 2A12 to manufacture, and weight-driven two-phase fluid loop evaporator selects 316L stainless steel, and both thermal coefficient of expansions are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 RHU and fluid circuit material expansion coefficient table (× 10
-6mK
-1)
Because thermal coefficient of expansion has certain difference between the two, if Isotopes thermal source sleeve does not mate with hot interface design between fluid circuit evaporimeter, all contact is good in all warm areas not only cannot to ensure both, also likely causes device damage because thermal deformation is excessive.Further, because the size of Isotopes thermal source sleeve is directly determined according to Isotopes source, its size is fixed, and therefore, makes evaporimeter and Isotopes thermal source heat coupling by the size designing evaporimeter.
Because Isotopes thermal source and evaporimeter can experience-30 DEG C ~ 265 DEG C significantly variations in temperature, if the swell increment both directly calculating with ground normal temperature, carry out the hot matched design of evaporimeter, the deflection that evaporimeter can be made to calculate when high temperature and low temperature is in-orbit too large, cause to carry out heat transfer well between the two, even cause device damage.Therefore, the present invention selectes a fiducial temperature, under this fiducial temperature, carry out hot matched design to evaporator size, make evaporimeter and Isotopes thermal source sleeve the daytime moon high temperature with moonlit night low temperature condition under all contact good, and compared with manufacturing dimension, deflection also can not be excessive.When the hot matching size design of evaporimeter, first according to the temperature difference of fiducial temperature and ground normal temperature, calculate the size of Isotopes thermal source sleeve when fiducial temperature thermal expansion, this size is the welding tooling size of fluid circuit evaporimeter, then the temperature when space-orbit according to Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter, calculate Isotopes thermal source sleeve and the thermal expansion deformation amount of evaporimeter under typical case in-orbit temperature, judge whether deflection between the two mates, during high temperature in daytime front-month, Isotopes thermal source sleeve expansion amount is greater than the swell increment of fluid circuit evaporimeter, during moonlit night low temperature, Isotopes thermal source sleeve collapses amount is less than the amount of contraction of fluid circuit evaporimeter.Under ensureing any temperature, extruding force all can be produced (namely during high-temperature expansion between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter, the deflection of Isotopes thermal source sleeve is greater than the deflection of evaporimeter, during low-temperature shrink, the deflection of evaporimeter is greater than the deflection of Isotopes thermal source sleeve, there is certain extruding force between the two), the Contact of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter is good.Simultaneously, also Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter line bulging deformation amount separately minimum (little relative to the deflection of the manufacturing dimension of self) is required, thus make the thermal stress of generation minimum, meet the optimization matching requirement of Isotopes thermal source and fluid circuit hot interface.Wherein, the minimum basis for estimation of line bulging deformation amount is: swell increment or approximately equal equal with amount of contraction, wherein, when the difference that approximately equal refers to swell increment and amount of contraction is in a scope set, then thinks that swell increment is equal with amount of contraction.
Specific implementation step is as follows:
Step one, select a fiducial temperature, according to (20 DEG C) nominal design size under the normal temperature of isotope heat source sleeve ground, and the temperature difference of fiducial temperature and surface air normal temperature, calculate the size under isotope heat source sleeve fiducial temperature, according to the isotope heat source sleeve dimensions design fluid circuit evaporator size under this fiducial temperature, make isotope heat source sleeve and evaporimeter outer wall close contact.
Wherein, because Isotopes source has potential radiation pollution, can only install before transmission, produce and test phase in the early stage of product, need to use Isotopes thermal source simulating piece (EHU) to participate in detector development work, Isotopes thermal source simulating piece (EHU) core body adopts electrical analogue heat generating member to substitute Isotopes source, the electrical analogue thermal source adopted when considering ground experiment, and what adopt when practical application is isotope heat source, for the thermal expansion of Isotopes thermal source sleeve caused due to variations in temperature when avoiding replacing isotope heat source, can first select the equilibrium temperature of Isotopes thermal source under the normal temperature air of ground as fiducial temperature.
Step 2, according to space-orbit environmental condition, calculates the temperature levels under Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter high temperature in the daytime moon and moonlit night low temperature.
Step 3, according to the material expansion coefficient of Isotopes thermal source sleeve, fluid circuit evaporimeter, in conjunction with the temperature levels that second step calculates, calculate Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter under high temperature in moon daytime relative to swell increment when manufacturing temperature (respectively corresponding ground normal temperature and fiducial temperature), and under moonlit night low temperature Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter relative to amount of contraction when manufacturing temperature (distinguishing corresponding ground normal temperature and fiducial temperature).
Step 4, deflection under comprehensive Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit high/low temperature, draw moon daytime high temperature and moonlit night low temperature under bulk deformation amount, under ensureing any temperature, all extruding force can be produced between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter, and line bulging deformation amount between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter is all smaller, to meet the optimization matching requirement of Isotopes thermal source and fluid circuit hot interface.
Step 5, if do not meet constraints relevant in the 4th step, gets back to the first step and reselects fiducial temperature.Fiducial temperature selection gist is as follows: if the daytime moon, high temperature did not mate or swell increment is greater than amount of contraction, then illustrate that deflection is too large, improve fiducial temperature, return step one; If moonlit night low temperature does not mate or swell increment is less than amount of contraction, then illustrate that deflection is too little, reduces fiducial temperature, returns step one.
Provide a concrete calculated examples below.
Select the operating temperature of Isotopes thermal source under atmospheric environment be 110 DEG C as fiducial temperature, be used for design fluid circuit evaporimeter welding tooling size.The maximum profile envelope of Isotopes thermal source sleeve body is of a size of φ 129mm × 128mm, the interplanar spacing of Isotopes thermal source sleeve is 110mm, fluid circuit evaporimeter stainless steel tube spacing is 131mm, and the swell increment of we selected typical working temperature to Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter calculates.
Under moonlit night operating mode: Isotopes thermal source wall surface temperature 25 DEG C, fluid circuit evaporator temperature-30 DEG C.
Under month daytime operating mode: Isotopes thermal source wall surface temperature 250 DEG C, fluid circuit temperature evaporator 120 DEG C.
The heat distortion amount of table 2 Isotopes source hot jacket cylinder and fluid circuit evaporimeter
| Parts | Moonlit night | The daytime moon |
| RHU deflection/mm | -0.22 | 0.36 |
| Fluid circuit deflection/mm | -0.3 | 0.02 |
| Line is swollen difference/mm | 0.08 | 0.34 |
Result of calculation is in table 2, under moonlit night operating mode, Isotopes thermal source sleeve collapses is out of shape, the also contraction distortion of fluid circuit evaporimeter, the Isotopes thermal source sleeve collapses amount being in center is less than the amount of contraction being in outside fluid circuit evaporimeter, both will produce crimp, and deflection is 0.08mm.
Under daytime moon operating mode, Isotopes thermal source sleeve and fluid circuit evaporimeter be dilatancy all outwards, the Isotopes thermal source sleeve expansion amount being in center is greater than the swell increment being in outside fluid circuit evaporimeter, and both will produce compression, and deflection is 0.34mm.
To sum up computational analysis, selecting 110 DEG C is fiducial temperature, and the line bulging deformation amount between RHU and thermal control fluid circuit is minimum, meets RHU and the requirement of fluid circuit hot interface optimization matching.
In addition, the method that installing hole suitably amplifies fixedly be have employed for the true part of Isotopes thermal source and fluid circuit evaporimeter and install, the hard-wired mismatch problem that can effectively avoid thermal deformation to cause.Namely evaporimeter adopts M3 screw to fix, and installing hole all adopts M4 installing hole, has the installation surplus of 0.5mm.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. adapt to an evaporimeter adaptation design method for thermal shock, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1, selects a fiducial temperature, calculates the isotope heat source sleeve dimensions under this fiducial temperature, according to the isotope heat source sleeve dimensions design fluid circuit evaporator size under this fiducial temperature, makes isotope heat source sleeve and evaporimeter outer wall close contact;
Step 2, according to the material expansion coefficient of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter, and the space typical case temperature in-orbit of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter, calculate the dilatancy amount of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter under moon high temperature in daytime, and the contraction distortion amount of Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter under moonlit night low temperature;
Step 3, the dilatancy amount obtained according to step 2 and contraction distortion amount, under judging rail temperature where in office, whether meet the hot matching condition that makes and to keep between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter extruding between Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter and Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter line bulging deformation amount is separately minimum; The hot matching condition extruded is kept to be between described Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter: during the daytime moon, Isotopes thermal source sleeve expansion amount is greater than the swell increment of fluid circuit evaporimeter, during the moonlit night, Isotopes thermal source sleeve collapses amount is less than the amount of contraction of fluid circuit evaporimeter; The minimum basis for estimation of described Isotopes thermal source sleeve and evaporimeter line bulging deformation amount is separately: swell increment or approximately equal equal with amount of contraction;
Step 4, if coupling and line bulging deformation amount is minimum, then evaporator size be in step 1 obtain evaporator size; If not mate or line bulging deformation amount is not minimum, then reselect fiducial temperature, return step 1; Wherein, fiducial temperature selection gist is as follows: if be not mate month daytime or swell increment is greater than amount of contraction in step 3, then improve fiducial temperature; If the moonlit night does not mate or swell increment is less than amount of contraction, then reduce fiducial temperature.
2. the evaporimeter adaptation design method adapting to thermal shock as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the initial value of described fiducial temperature is the equilibrium temperature of Isotopes thermal source under the normal temperature air of ground.
3. the evaporimeter adaptation design method adapting to thermal shock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, evaporimeter is greater than mounting screw size for the size of the installing hole installing Isotopes thermal source sleeve.
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| CN113280535A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Condenser pipeline optimization method, condenser, outdoor unit and air conditioner |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106969546A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-07-21 | 博格华纳排放***西班牙有限责任公司 | Evaporator |
| CN110262528A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-20 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Take off-landing-of a kind of month surface detector moves implementation method |
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| CN110596745A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-20 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Electric heating simulated heat source of general isotope heat source |
| CN110596745B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2022-05-10 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Electric heating simulated heat source of general isotope heat source |
| CN113280535A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Condenser pipeline optimization method, condenser, outdoor unit and air conditioner |
| CN113280535B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-03-15 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Condenser pipeline optimization method, condenser, outdoor unit and air conditioner |
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