CN104497782A - 三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法 - Google Patents

三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104497782A
CN104497782A CN201410765187.4A CN201410765187A CN104497782A CN 104497782 A CN104497782 A CN 104497782A CN 201410765187 A CN201410765187 A CN 201410765187A CN 104497782 A CN104497782 A CN 104497782A
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吴胜强
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Guizhou Kaihe Timberwork Building Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法。按重量比，组分甲：组分乙：组分丙＝1.00：0.38～0.40：0.20～0.30，经混匀，即制备呈白色稠体的饰面型透明防火涂料。该方法简单易行、成本低，涂料透明，附着力、柔韧性强，耐冲击，具有优良的耐水性和耐湿热性，且阻燃效果好，耐燃时间﹥20分钟，可广泛用于木结构的古建筑、园林建筑、旅游景点、民居群落建筑物、高档木质家具等基材表面的装饰，还可用于纸箱、纤维布类的防火处理及装饰，宜于推广。

Description

三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于涂料技术领域，特别涉及一种三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法。
背景技术
木材一般用于木结构的建筑、文物、园林、建筑装潢及家具等，具有一定的装饰性，但往往缺乏防火性能，致使火灾危害得不到有效控制，因此导致集装饰和防火于一体功能的饰面型防火涂料的问世。饰面型防火涂料涂覆于木材、纤维板或纸板等可燃基材的表面，具有防火阻燃保护和装饰作用，平时起到一定的装饰作用，一旦发生火灾时，则具有阻止火势蔓延，达到保护可燃基材的目的。
国内外对饰面型透明防火涂料的研制目前尚处于起步阶段，市场上出售的此类涂料较少，真正能投入应用的更为稀少，限制饰面型透明防火涂料实际应用的一大因素是涂膜的柔韧性太差，涂料涂覆于基材上固化后不久就会出现涂膜开裂等现象，且耐燃时间大多＜20分钟，耐水性、耐湿热性、附着力较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于针对综上所述的饰面型透明防火涂料存在的问题和弊端，提供一种透明、膨胀系数高、耐水性、耐湿热性优良、附着力强，耐燃时间＞20分钟，具有防火阻燃、装饰于一体的三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法。
本发明制备方法的组分甲，选用密胺、氢基胍、尿素、甲醛物料，甲醛浓度选用37～40％为宜。按摩尔比，即密胺：氢基胍：尿素：甲醛＝1.00：1.50:5.00:10.65，以此比值分别量取上述物料置入反应容器内，调节PH值8～9，在电热套中加热、搅拌，待95～99℃时稳定沸腾至少1小时，嗣后待温度升至100～102℃时停止加热，继续搅拌，至自然冷却65～60℃时，再按上述量取的密胺、氢基胍、尿素、甲醛物料总量的1.0～1.5‰加入磷酸氢二铵，在继续搅拌自然冷却至室温15～30℃时，即制备得无色透明黏稠度适宜的组分甲，然后密封保存备用。
本发明制备方法的组分乙，分别选用APPⅡ、季戊四醇作酸源和炭源，制备时按重量比，APPⅡ：季戊四醇＝2.17：1.00即制备得组分乙。
本发明制备方法的组分丙，选用乙酸作为辅助酸源和同时兼作稀释剂使用。
取本发明制备的组分甲、组分乙和选用的组分丙物料，按重量比，组分甲：组分乙：组分丙＝1.00：0.38～0.40：0.20～0.30，经混匀，即制备呈白色稠体的饰面型透明防火涂料。
本发明的三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法，简单易行、成本低，其制备的涂料系白色稠体、透明，附着力、柔韧性强，耐冲击，具有优良的耐水性和耐湿热性，且阻燃效果好，耐燃时间﹥20分钟，可广泛用于木结构的古建筑、园林建筑、旅游景点、民居群落建筑物、高档木质家具等基材表面的装饰，还可用于纸箱、纤维布类的防火处理及装饰，宜于推广。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法的具体实施方式作进一步说明。本发明选用组分甲、组分乙与组分丙为原料，经合理科学制备而成。
组分甲的制备：组分甲应具备良好的气源，附着力强，且具有一定的发泡功效和适宜的黏稠度，经试验、筛选，采用密胺、氢基胍、尿素、甲醛物料作组分甲的制备原料，甲醛浓度选用37～40％为宜。按摩尔比，即密胺：氢基胍：尿素：甲醛＝1.00：1.50:5.00:10.65，以此比值分别量取上述物料置入反应容器内，调节PH值8～9，装上温度计、搅拌器和冷凝器，在电热套中加热、搅拌，待95～99℃时稳定沸腾至少1小时，嗣后待温度升至100～102℃时停止加热，继续搅拌，至自然冷却65～60℃时，再按上述量取的密胺、氢基胍、尿素、甲醛物料总量的1.0～1.5‰加入磷酸氢二铵，用于捕捉残余甲醛。在继续搅拌自然冷却至室温15～30℃时，即制备得无色透明黏稠度适宜的组分甲，然后密封保存备用。
本发明的制备方法，分别选用APPⅡ、季戊四醇作酸源和炭源，APPⅡ阻燃性好，具有环保效果，能提高耐水性和耐湿热性，还能控制季戊四醇的量，调整本发明涂料的耐燃性。制备时按重量比，APPⅡ：季戊四醇＝2.17：1.00即制备得组分乙。
本发明的制备方法的组分丙，选用乙酸作为辅助酸源和同时兼作稀释剂使用。
本发明的制备方法所述的组分甲、组分乙、组分丙的物料备妥后，按重量比，组分甲：组分乙：组分丙＝1.00：0.38～0.40：0.20～0.30，经混匀，即制备呈白色稠体的饰面型透明防火涂料。本发明的涂料经报送国家防火建筑材料质量监督检验中心检测，其主要检测结果的指标如下：耐燃时间(min)为21、合格；附着力(级)为3、合格；柔韧性(mm)为1、合格；耐冲击性(cm)为50、合格；耐水性(h)符合要求；耐湿热性(h)符合要求。
用简易小板法检测耐燃时间指标的实例：
1、用杉木或松木制作成长12.5cm×宽8.0cm×厚0.8-1.0cm的小木板，取本发明的饰面型透明防火涂料，涂覆于小木板上，厚度约0.2mm，干燥后即得小试板；
2、将用于置放小试板的金属圈固定于铁架台上，金属圈上缘与酒精喷灯口的垂直距离设置为6.0cm，点燃酒精喷灯至其火焰稳定后，将涂覆有本发明涂料的小试板的饰面朝下，并置于金属圈上，同时开始计时，待小试板的木板炭化，背面出现裂缝时，即计时为本发明的涂料耐燃时间，此法简单、易行，所检测值与GB 12441-2005附录A(大板法)标准相近。

Claims (5)

1.一种三组分饰面型透明防火涂料的制备方法，其特征在于按重量比，组分甲：组分乙：组分丙＝1.00：0.38～0.40：0.20～0.30，经混匀，即制备呈白色稠体的饰面型透明防火涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于组分甲选用密胺、氢基胍、尿素、甲醛物料，按摩尔比，密胺：氢基胍：尿素：甲醛＝1.00：1.50:5.00:10.65，以此比值分别量取上述物料置入反应容器内，调节PH值8～9，在电热套中加热、搅拌，待95～99℃时稳定沸腾至少1小时，嗣后待温度升至100～102℃时停止加热，继续搅拌，至自然冷却65～60℃时，再按上述量取的密胺、氢基胍、尿素、甲醛物料总量的1.0～1.5‰加入磷酸氢二铵，在继续搅拌自然冷却至室温15～30℃时，即制备得无色透明的组分甲，然后密封保存备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于分别选用APPⅡ、季戊四醇作酸源和炭源，制备时按重量比，APPⅡ：季戊四醇＝2.17：1.00即制备得组分乙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于组分丙选用乙酸作为辅助酸源和同时兼作稀释剂使用。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于所选择的甲醛物料浓度为37–40％。
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CN110922850A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-27 山东世安化工有限公司 一种水性环保木结构透明防火涂料及其制备方法

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