CN104488761A - Polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs - Google Patents
Polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488761A CN104488761A CN201410694559.9A CN201410694559A CN104488761A CN 104488761 A CN104488761 A CN 104488761A CN 201410694559 A CN201410694559 A CN 201410694559A CN 104488761 A CN104488761 A CN 104488761A
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- 241000252128 Polyodon Species 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000252143 Polyodon spathula Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000256128 Chironomus <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021294 Docosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276446 Gadiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252130 Polyodontidae Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs. The method includes: cage manufacturing, fry releasing and cultivating, feeding and water quality management. Compared with traditional polyodon spashula fry cultivation methods in ponds, the method is high in yield, low in cost, high in polyodon spashula fry growing speed, high in polyodon spashula fry survival rate, easy to manage, free of water area environment damage, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture technology, relate generally to a kind of paddlefish breeding method, particularly relate to a kind of large and middle reservoirs paddlefish seed cage culture method.
Background technology
Paddlefish (Polyodon spathala) belongs to Gadiformes, Polyodontidae, is the large-scale precious fish of fresh water that one originates in U.S.'s Mississippi and Missouri basin (belonging to subtropical climate, with China's Yangtze river basin climatic similitude).Paddlefish is cartilaginous fish, and body surface is exposed, and pool profit is without squama, and distinguishing feature is kiss is soupspoon shape, likeness in form duckbilled, therefore has another name called duckbilled fish.Paddlefish delicious meat, rhynchodaenm is rich in collagen, nutritious.Paddlefish protein content is 18.1% according to surveying and determination; Containing " DHA " and " EPA " (title docosapentaenoic acid) of 12.5% and several amino acids in fat; Containing biologically active anticancer component in its cartilage, after edible, in human body, produce extremely strong antitumaous effect; In addition, paddlefish caviar is a kind of good nutrient health; And paddlefish is also cultivated by as a kind of pet fish.Feeding habits aspect, the feeding habits of paddlefish are similar to variegated carp, be food all the life, can clean water quality, to water environment aseptic with plankton.Cladocera, water flea are the favorite food of paddlefish, and also ingest the small-sized aquatic insects such as chironomus larvas once in a while; Along with individuality is grown up, the copepoda that swimming is very fast can be caught, artificial grain's feed of also ingesting after taming and dociling food.In view of paddlefish there is high economic worth, ornamental value and paddlefish filter food habit, therefore, paddlefish can be recommended as the preferential breed variety of the large water surface (reservoir cultivation) at the middle and upper levels in cultured fishes.
Paddlefish breeding process generally can be divided into three cultivation stages: the first stage is the fry rearing stage, namely forms the long 10 ~ 15cm fry of body from squab fry.Second stage is large size fingerling breeding phase, namely forms the long 30 ~ 40cm of 250g(body from 10 ~ 15cm fry) left and right large size fingerling; Phase III is the adult fish culture stage, namely forms the commodity food fish of more than body weight 1kg from large fingerling.Wherein, first, second two stages of paddlefish because its individuality is little, water surface life habit and the weakness such as resistance is not strong; As cultivated improper measures, gently then easily cause growth rate slow, severe patient can cause seed generation mortality; Therefore, this first and second stage is the bottleneck stage of paddlefish cultivation.Patent emphasis quasi-solution of the present invention paddlefish second of determining cultivates the cultivation difficult point in stage.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, in order to improve paddlefish cultivation survival rate and growth rate, improving the output of paddlefish, the invention provides a kind of large and middle reservoirs paddlefish seed cage culture method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of large and middle reservoirs paddlefish seed cage culture method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The closed net cage making specification 5m × 5m × 2m without tubercle mesh sheet compiled by the making of net cage: a, employing PE3 × 2 machine, and mesh size is 1cm; Framework, seamless steel pipe diameter 4.5cm, float, cylindrical foam pontoons 80 × 45cm.
B, employing PE3 × 3 machine are composed of the closed net cage that tubercle mesh sheet makes specification 5m × 5m × 3m, and mesh size is 3cm, framework, seamless steel pipe diameter 4.5cm, float, cylindrical foam pontoons 80 × 45cm.
Putting in a suitable place to breed of fry: annual mid-May to early June throws in healthy paddlefish seed 45 ~ 70 tail of 10 ~ 15cm in the water body of every square metre, through the saline solution sterilization 10 ~ 15min of 3 ~ 5% before fry inlet;
Throwing something and feeding of bait: fry cartonning starts feed domestication two days later, uses protein more than 42% pellet to throw something and feed, the time respectively 6 time, 9 time, 12 time, 15 time, it is 1.5% of paddlefish body weight that day throws the amount of raising, and progressively adjusts to 3% later.With parts by weight, main feed is: fish meal 30 ~ 50 parts, soybean meal 30 ~ 40 parts, 30 ~ 50 parts, flour.Additive comprises the vitamin A of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the vitamin B3 of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the vitamin E of 0.1 ~ 0.15 part, the Vitamin K3 of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the vitamin B1 of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the vitamin B2 of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the vitamin B6 of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the cobalamin of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the nicotinic acid of 0.02 ~ 0.03 part, the cold sour calcium of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the folic acid of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the inositol of 0.1 ~ 0.15 part, the Vc phosphate of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the choline of 1.0 ~ 2.0 parts, the magnesium sulfate of 1.0 ~ 1.5 parts, the copper sulphate of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the manganese sulphate of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the zinc sulphate of 0.3 ~ 0.4 part, the ferrous sulfate of 0.03 ~ 0.04 part, the calcium iodate of 1.0 ~ 2.0 parts, the sodium selenite of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the dusty yeast of 1.0 ~ 5.0 parts, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate of 8.0 ~ 10.0 parts, the soya-bean oil of 5.0 ~ 8.0 parts, the fish oil of 3.0 ~ 5.0 parts, the ethoxyquinoline of 0.01 ~ 0.03 part.Open up to next day 5 time night 19 light lure zooplankton feed raise.
Water quality management: a, regularly (every 15 ~ 20 days cleaning ettings).
B, to sterilize water quality inside and outside net cage with chlorine dioxide 0.5mg/L every 15 ~ 20 days.
C, moved 20 ~ 30 meters, net cage position every 40 ~ 60 days.
Beneficial effect: the present invention, compared with traditional pond rearing paddlefish, has that output is high, cost is low, long speed is fast, survival rate is high, is easier to management, does not destroy the advantages such as water environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that 5m × 5m of the present invention × 2m machine is compiled without tubercle net cage schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that 5m × 5m of the present invention × 3m machine is composed of tubercle net cage schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below embodiment of the present invention are conducted further description.
The selection in waters: select that condition of water quality is good, the depth of water in the local waters of more than 8m, also should have miniflow, wind sheltering, and the environmental condition such as the water surface is wide on the sunny side simultaneously.
The making of net cage: a diameter is that the framework identical with net cage size made by the steel pipe of 4.5cm, for supporting network box shape, flotation gear is made with foam, tank material is selected and is adopted PE3 × 2 machine to compile without tubercle mesh sheet, cage size is 5m × 5m × 2m, mesh size is 1cm, framework, seamless steel pipe diameter 4.5cm, float, cylindrical foam pontoons 80 × 45cm.
Can prevent fry from escaping from, spacer screen sheet leaks bait, and is easy to water body exchange.Every net cage arranges separate frame, and framework enters after water bears a heavy burden to exceed water surface 30cm, and net cage is water under fry puts first half of the month in a suitable place to breed, avoids new etting to the scratch of fry.B, employing PE3 × 3 machine are composed of the closed net cage that tubercle mesh sheet makes specification 5m × 5m × 3m, and mesh size is 3cm, framework, seamless steel pipe diameter 4.5cm, float, cylindrical foam pontoons 80 × 45cm.
Putting in a suitable place to breed of fry: the body surface that annual mid-May to early June throws in 10 ~ 15cm in the water body of every square metre is complete, atraumatic paddlefish seed 45 ~ 70 tail, through the saline solution sterilization 10 ~ 15min of 3 ~ 5% before fry inlet, during this, the biomass of zooplankton and quantity are in peak period, the throwing that can reduce bait is raised, and reduces costs.
Throwing something and feeding of bait: fry cartonning starts feed domestication two days later, uses protein more than 42% pellet to throw something and feed, the time respectively 6 time, 9 time, 12 time, 15 time, it is 1.5% of paddlefish body weight that day throws the amount of raising, and progressively adjusts to 3% later.With parts by weight, main feed is: fish meal 30 ~ 50 parts, soybean meal 30 ~ 40 parts, 30 ~ 50 parts, flour.Additive comprises the vitamin A of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the vitamin B3 of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the vitamin E of 0.1 ~ 0.15 part, the Vitamin K3 of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the vitamin B1 of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the vitamin B2 of 0.005 ~ ~ 0.01 part, the vitamin B6 of 0.005 ~ ~ 0.01 part, the cobalamin of 0.005 ~ 0.01 part, the nicotinic acid of 0.02 ~ 0.03 part, the cold sour calcium of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the folic acid of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the inositol of 0.1 ~ 0.15 part, the Vc phosphate of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the choline of 1.0 ~ 2.0 parts, the magnesium sulfate of 1.0 ~ 1.5 parts, the copper sulphate of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the manganese sulphate of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the zinc sulphate of 0.3 ~ 0.4 part, the ferrous sulfate of 0.03 ~ 0.04 part, the calcium iodate of 1.0 ~ 2.0 parts, the sodium selenite of 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, the dusty yeast of 1.0 ~ 5.0 parts, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate of 8.0 ~ 10.0 parts, the soya-bean oil of 5.0 ~ 8.0 parts, the fish oil of 3.0 ~ 5.0 parts, the ethoxyquinoline of 0.01 ~ 0.03 part.Open up to next day 5 time night 19 light lure zooplankton feed raise.
The management of water quality: a, regularly (every 15 ~ 20 days cleaning ettings); B, to sterilize water quality inside and outside net cage with chlorine dioxide 0.5mg/L every 15 ~ 20 days; C, moved 20 ~ 30 meters, net cage position every 40 ~ 60 days.
Daily management: adhere to accomplishing " four is fixed " bait throwing in (fixed point, regularly, determine matter, quantitative); Early, middle and late inspection (main inspection food situation and net cage breakage) is adhered in cultivation; Cleaning in about 10 days net cage (remove the algae of the foreign material on etting and attachment, keep water body interchange inside and outside case unobstructed); Carry out fish disease prevention and cure.In order to clearer understanding the present invention, provide following examples.Place: the virtuous aquatic farm of Lichuan County clock (Hongmen Gate reservoir Yu Tan storehouse fork).
Embodiment one
It is complete that May 15 threw in 10 ~ 15cm body surface in the water body of every cubic metre, atraumatic paddlefish seed 45 tail, fry cartonning starts feed domestication two days later, protein more than 42% pellet is used to throw something and feed, time respectively 6 time, 9 time, 12 time, 15 time, it is 1.5% of paddlefish body weight that day throws the amount of raising, and progressively adjusts to 3% later.Night opens light trap, the pH controlling water body remains on 7 ~ 7.5, dissolved oxygen amount is at 7 ~ 9mg/l, transparency is at 35 ~ 45cm, measuring survival rate of fish fry through the culture experiments of 2 months is 69%, and average individual is heavy is increased to 242g by 150g, average daily gain 1.53g, feed coefficient is 3.34, aquaculture cost 2.5 yuan/tail.
Embodiment two
The body surface that May 15 threw in 10 ~ 15cm in the water body of every square metre is complete, atraumatic paddlefish seed 55 tail, fry cartonning starts feed domestication two days later, protein more than 42% pellet is used to throw something and feed, time respectively 6 time, 9 time, 12 time, 15 time throw the amount of raising be 1.5% of paddlefish body weight, progressively adjust to 3% later.Open up to next day 4 time night 19 light lure zooplankton feed raise, the pH controlling water body remains on 7 ~ 7.5, dissolved oxygen amount is at 7 ~ 9mg/l, transparency is at 35 ~ 45cm, measuring survival rate after fry through the culture experiments of 2 months is 70%, and average individual is heavy is increased to 252g by 150g, average daily gain 1.7g, feed coefficient is 2.9 4, aquaculture cost 2.3 yuan/tail.
Embodiment three
Healthy paddlefish seed 65 tail of 10 ~ 15cm was thrown on May 15 in the water body of every square metre, fry cartonning starts feed domestication two days later, protein more than 42% pellet is used to throw something and feed, time respectively 6 time, 9 time, 12 time, 15 time throw the amount of raising be 1.5% of paddlefish body weight, progressively adjust to 3% later.Open up to next day 5 time night 19 light trap lure zooplankton feed raise, the pH controlling water body remains on 7 ~ 7.5, dissolved oxygen amount is at 7 ~ 9mg/l, transparency is at 35 ~ 45cm, measuring survival rate after fry through the culture experiments of 2 months is 69%, and average individual is heavy is increased to 242g by 150g, average daily gain 1.53g, feed coefficient is 3.06, aquaculture cost 2.7 yuan/tail.
Table one experiment is divided into 3 kinds of density totally 6 groups, respectively called after A, a, B, b, C, c, group, and often group 4 is parallel.Wherein capitalization group be night without light trap group, lowercase is open light trap group night.
Table one
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a large and middle reservoirs paddlefish seed cage culture method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The closed net cage making specification 5m × 5m × 2m without tubercle mesh sheet compiled by the making of net cage: a, employing PE3 × 2 machine, and mesh size is 1cm, framework, seamless steel pipe diameter 4.5cm, float, cylindrical foam pontoons 80 × 45cm; B, employing PE3 × 3 machine are composed of the closed net cage that tubercle mesh sheet makes specification 5m × 5m × 3m, and mesh size is 3cm, framework, seamless steel pipe diameter 4.5cm, float, cylindrical foam pontoons 80 × 45cm;
Putting in a suitable place to breed of fry: annual mid-May to early June throws in healthy paddlefish seed 45 ~ 70 tail of 8 ~ 15cm in the water body of every square metre, through the saline solution sterilization 10 ~ 15min of 3 ~ 5% before fry inlet;
Throwing something and feeding of bait: fry cartonning starts feed domestication two days later, protein more than 42% pellet is used to throw something and feed, time respectively 6 time, 9 time, 12 time, 15 time, day throwing is raised weight range and is controlled in 1.5% of paddlefish body weight, progressively adjust to 3% later, open up to next day 6 time night 19 light lure zooplankton feed raise;
The management of water quality: a, every 15 ~ 20 days cleaning etting; B, to sterilize water quality inside and outside net cage with chlorine dioxide 0.5mg/L every 15 ~ 20 days; C, moved 20 ~ 30 meters, net cage position every 40 ~ 60 days.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: along surfacing 30cm on described net cage, in fingerling stocking first half of the month by water under net cage, avoid new etting to the scratch to fry.
3. cultural method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: with parts by weight, the feed of described fry is: a, regularly: every day four times, when being respectively 6,9 time, 12 time, 15 time, 19 time after to next day 6 time turn on lights photo-induction food;
B, location: FCL is thrown something and fed;
C, determine matter, dietary protein level more than 42%, nutrition ratio is reasonable;
D, quantitatively: by 1.5% ~ 3% of fish body weight, when being greater than more than 40cm by 3% during below total length 40cm 1.5% ~ 2.5%;
E, light are arranged, and 1 light established by each net cage, and type is that 40 ~ 80W electricity-saving lamp or solar energy frequency ventilating type kill lamp, rational height, and electricity-saving lamp is from water surface elevation 150 ~ 180cm, and solar energy frequency ventilating type kills lamp from water surface elevation 70 ~ 100cm.
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