CN104485953A - Reverse wave beam control method for retrodirective discrete array - Google Patents
Reverse wave beam control method for retrodirective discrete array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is a reverse wave beam control method applied to a retrodirective discrete array. The method comprises the following steps: modulating guide information determined by a system to carrier frequency capable of real-time frequency adjusting to generate a reverse guide signal; sending the signal to the retrodirective array; carrying out demodulation on the received signal by the retrodirective array to obtain the guide information and calculating conjugate phase of the guide information; synthesizing a conjugate phase signal according to the conjugate phase obtained from calculation; and carrying out power amplification on the conjugate phase signal and emitting the signal through the retrodirective array. The method enables incoherent local oscillators which are independent mutually and are in a discrete state to generate the microwave signal which is coherent in phase and of which the phase is conjugate with that of the guide information, and realizes reverse wave beam control of the microwave beam backtracking along the incidence direction of the guide signal, thereby protecting system core frequency secret safety, avoiding malicious interference through frequency hopping and improving anti-interference capability of the system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy field of wireless transmission, particularly, relate to a kind of for microwave wireless Energy Transfer and the reverse beam-steering methods from the direction of motion tracking communication system backtracking discritized array.
Background technology
At present, the major way realizing energy wireless transmission has: laser, ultrasonic wave, electromagnetic coupled and microwave.They have the respective scope of application.Closely in situation, ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic coupled can be selected; In remote situation, laser or microwave can be selected.Laser technology realizes the Energy Transfer of medium and long distance, and its advantage is that wave beam is narrow, and shortcoming is that conversion efficiency is low, limited power capacity.A target of present laser radio Energy Transfer improves conversion efficiency, reaches or close to the conversion efficiency of microwave wireless energy transmission system.Relative laser energy wireless transmission, it is high that microwave wireless energy transmission technology has conversion efficiency, the advantage that power capacity is high, is energy Radio Transmission Technology present stage having advantages for development most.
Microwave wireless energy transmission technology is microwave by other forms of power conversion, received again, be converted to DC energy through rectification circuit by space propagation by reception antenna.Microwave wireless Energy Transfer, is applied in the operating mode that transmission range is far away usually, therefore needs relatively large launching and receiving antenna, usually exists with the form of aerial array.In order to reduce size and the floor space of reception antenna as far as possible, need to use narrower wave beam, allow concentration of energy in the scope of receiving antenna array.
Contrast existing regenerative resource, the solar energy from space has bright prospect.As a kind of new energy resource system, space solar can be supplied for 24 hours, does not discharge CO2, can ensure the sustainable development of human society.Solar power satellite proposes can meet sustainable development with regard to Zeng Zuowei decades ago and not discharge one of feasible candidate scheme in the basis of clean energy resource supply of CO2.Solar power satellite be designed to one geostationary orbit (GEO) upper that run, as the huge satellite in power station, convert solar energy into electrical energy, be microwave energy by electric energy conversion again, be transferred to ground by the wireless energy receiving system on microwave wireless energy transmission system and ground.
Even if the satellite on geostationary orbit, its substar and the attitude of satellite all can not ensure completely static, always have the motion relative to terrestrial receiving antenna array and drift.In addition, the attitude of satellite also will along with satellite and sun relative position the four seasons change and adjust.In the process of satellite drift and pose adjustment, must remain that the microwave beam for Energy Transfer accurately points to grounded receiving station, this just controls to propose very high requirement with the precision of adjustment and corresponding speed to the sensing of microwave beam.For following rough estimate: geostationary orbit exemplary height is 36,000 kilometers, if terrestrial receiving antenna diameter is according to 5 kilometers of notes, microwave beam centre deviation for Energy Transfer is remembered by 5%, then microwave beam control precision needs to reach 0.0004 degree.
Wave beam control with adjustment mainly contain mechanical finger to, point to the methods such as the reverse wave beam control controlling and recall based on direction array based on the active beam of phased-array antenna array.Because for the transmitting antenna enormous size of microwave wireless Energy Transfer, mechanical finger is to the inapplicable beam point steering with solar power satellite.Active beam based on phased array antenna controls, its wave beam control precision, and by the restriction of phase shifter phase control precision, phase shifter phase shifting accuracy ripe in engineering is at about 1 degree, and corresponding wave beam control precision is at about 0.23 degree.The beam-pointing accuracy requirement of solar power satellite can not be met far away.In addition, the active beam based on phased array antenna controls, and first will complete the Mutual coupling to ground steering signal, this must cause extra operating lag.
By contrast, based on the beam point steering of the most applicable solar power satellite of reverse wave beam control methods of direction backtracking array.Reverse wave beam controls to have another name called " direction backtracking ", adopts the aerial array of reverse wave beam control system from motion tracking arrival bearing, and not need to verify wave line of propagation in advance.Reverse wave beam control can between mobile platform, mobile platform and base station, satellite and satellite, set up between satellite with ground and be connected reliably, meanwhile, the gain of communication link is significantly improved due to the power combing effect of antenna array.
Solar power satellite adopts reverse wave beam to control, and can realize the complete Automatic Control of microwave transmitting antenna wave beam, can adapt to the dynamic change of solar power satellite.This system only needs from ground launch targeting signal, and the wave beam of transmitting antenna just accurately can point to ground.The phase place of each constituent element of Space Microwave transmitting antenna controls according to the conjugation of the phase place of ground targeting signal, thus the microwave beam of a synthesis reverse transfer.
Reverse beam steering technology comes from retrodirective array, and retrodirective array comes from the Van Atta battle array of LC.Van doctor Atta design.The structure of Van Atta battle array is the antenna element be connected into pairs with isometric transmission line, and paired antenna element must be centrosymmetric distribution, and the Signal transmissions that element antenna receives to the array element of correspondence goes launch, launching beam points to incident wave direction automatically.
The reverse array antenna of Van Atta is the blank that reverse wave beam controls, and not easily carries out integrated design with microwave radio front terminal system.Therefore, retrodirective array develops again the reverse array antenna of " conjugate phase mixing " system.
The reverse array antenna of " conjugate phase mixing " system is based on following supposition: when pilot signal radiation source distance aerial array is far, the wavefront arriving aerial array is plane wave.If the phase place that pilot signal electromagnetic wave arrives at antenna array is 0 ,-Ф ,-2 Ф ,-3 Ф, for making the antenna pattern main lobe of aerial array point to pilot signal direction, then need the difference of each basic radiating element of antenna to be 0, Ф, 2 Ф, 3 Ф.As can be seen here, at each basic radiating element, after carrying out phase conjugation to received signal, then launch, antenna pattern main lobe just can be made to point to arrival bearing, thus realize the object of reverse wave beam control.
Heterodyne mixer is the simple effective method obtaining phase conjugation, when the frequency of local oscillator (LO) is two of pilot signal frequency, pilot signal has the frequency identical with pilot signal and the phase place of conjugation with the lower sideband signal after local oscillation signal mixing.Conjugate phase frequency mixing technique is applied to reverse array antenna, by the pilot signal mixing that twice local oscillator and each basic radiating element receive, obtain conjugate phase information, utilize this conjugate phase, just can realize the automatic direction backtracking of aerial array to incoming wave.
In the wave beam multi channel system of conjugate phase mixing system, the control system of Space Microwave transmitting antenna adopts conjugation frequency mixer, all conjugate phase frequency mixers all obtain relevant fixed phase in the mode of " wired " (microwave cable or microstrip transmission line) from same local oscillator, azimuth information is extracted from pilot signal, generate and the transmitting of the phase conjugation of ground targeting signal, this transmits after microwave amplifier amplifies, gone out by Space Microwave transmission antennas transmit, thus the microwave beam of a synthesis reverse transfer.The advantage that " conjugate phase mixing system " reverse wave beam controls is that the response time is short, and speed is fast.The shortcoming of this system is, unified coherent reference phase place needs to be assigned to accurately on each phase control unit, and the scale that is only applicable to is less and have the array of physical connection between array element, and phase assignments error can be accumulated step by step.
For Wireless power transmission, it is positioned at the transmitting antenna enormous size of orbit space, reaches a kilometer rank.Once can not launch and enter the orbit, can only once launch a part of Anneta module, then assemble in-orbit, be spliced into a kilometer transmitting antenna for rank yardstick.Basically, be discrete between each Anneta module launched, cannot again in the mode that " wired " (microwave cable or microstrip transmission line) connects, by unified reference local oscillator phase assignments to each radiating element.Therefore, be necessary to develop a kind of reverse beam-steering methods that discritized array carries out beam direction backtracking of supporting.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of direction is provided to recall the reverse beam-steering methods of discritized array, each array element is assigned to one by one by complicated distribution network with the unified fixed phase that local oscillator must produce to " conjugate phase mixing " system that backtracking array and reverse antenna generally adopt by solution party, and pilot signal frequency information is in open state, easily by the problem of malicious interference.By method of the present invention, guidance information frequency is separated with pilot signal frequency, guidance information frequency is hidden among steering signal, do not rely on the reverse beam-steering methods of fixed phase distribution network.Because the method does not need fixed phase distribution network, to apply the method direction backtracking array can be continuous print, also can be discrete.And existing " conjugate phase mixing " system cannot support discritized array.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing comprises:
A reverse beam-steering methods for direction backtracking discritized array, comprises the following steps:
S1. according to the restriction of user's request and system, determine the operating frequency of reverse guidance information, generate reverse guidance information g (t);
S2. reverse guidance information g (t) that step S1 generates is modulated on carrier frequency f (t), obtains steering signal g (t) f (t);
S3. via ground control centre, steering signal g (t) f (t) obtained by step S2 is transmitted into direction backtracking discritized array;
S4. backtracking discritized array in direction carries out demodulation to steering signal g (t) f (t) received, and recovers initial reverse guidance information g (t);
S5. the conjugate phase of reverse guidance information g (t) of solution procedure S4 recovery
S6. the conjugate phase that step S5 calculates is used
the conjugate phase signal of synthesis guidance information
S7. to the conjugate phase signal that step S6 exports
carry out power amplification and obtain signal
then this signal is gone out via corresponding antenna transmission in direction backtracking discritized array.
Compared with prior art, the reverse beam-steering methods according to backtracking discritized array in direction of the present invention has useful technique effect, comprising:
1, because guidance information frequency is separated with pilot signal frequency by the present invention; guidance information frequency is hidden among steering signal; guidance information is modulated and the protection of coded system, therefore improves the fail safe of guidance information, and the direction can resisting " pseudo-guiding " mode is drawn steathily.
2, because guidance information frequency is separated with pilot signal frequency by the present invention, guidance information frequency is hidden among steering signal, the frequecy characteristic of guidance information can be kept constant while change pilot signal frequency, therefore, can by the mode of frequency hopping to anti-interference.
3, because the present invention adopts the carrier wave directly extracted from steering signal required for demodulation, complete carrier synchronization, therefore, do not need fixed phase distribution network (i.e. local oscillator distribution network), the local oscillation signal needed for demodulation is directly obtained by carrier auxiliary technology from steering signal.
4, do not need the fixed phase of accurately distributing unique local oscillator in a wired fashion, do not require transmitting antenna array continuous distribution.Support the discrete distribution of aerial array, can use and from steering signal, generate relevant conjugate phase signal from incoherent discrete local oscillator.Because no longer need the phase assignments of unique local oscillator to produce circuit to tens million of conjugate phase, be no longer necessary for and ensure Phase synchronization and the calibration loop introduced, thus provide cost savings and expense.
5, antijamming capability is strong
Pilot signal single-frequency continuous wave disclosed in frequency information of traditional reverse beam-steering methods based on " conjugate phase mixing " system, in the face of the interference of frequency block type, not to jamproof means.Because its frequency information and modulation intelligence are openly, also cannot tackle angle and draw type interference steathily, thus cause high energy wave beam to depart from the irradiation target of expection.The pilot signal that the present invention adopts is no longer the single-frequency continuous wave that phase place grips in mixing system altogether, but carries the modulation signal of guidance information.Because " guidance information " can be modulated onto on the carrier wave of optional frequency, so reverse pilot signal has sufficient frequency of your backups, when certain frequency suffers barrage jamming, frequency of your backups can be switched to easily and go.
6, temperature self-adaptation ability is strong
The working temperature of microwave wireless energy transmission system, in the scope of 1 kilometer of bore, can not be uniform.In traditional reverse beam-steering methods based on " conjugate phase mixing " system, this just will cause unified fixed phase in transmittance process, produce inconsistent phase error because the temperature of bang path is different.Although calibration loop can partly solve this problem, cost and computing cost will sharply increase.The ununified fixed phase problem of transmission of conjugate phase synthesis system, modules is independent separately, thus has temperature self adjusting ability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the implementing procedure figure of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is that steering signal process and reverse signal produce flow chart;
Fig. 3 is the discrete distribution map of the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) used in pairs in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that embodiments of the present invention are always schemed.
Embodiment
Be further described in detail below in conjunction with the reverse beam-steering methods of the drawings and specific embodiments to backtracking discritized array in direction according to the present invention.
The present invention relates to a kind of use and be in discrete state, incoherent local oscillator independent of each other, generate phase coherence and the microwave signal of phase place and steering signal conjugation, realize microwave beam and point to the reverse beam-steering methods of recalling along steering signal incident direction.
In the method according to the invention: 1, guidance information frequency separated with pilot signal frequency, use guidance information modulated carrier, then in modulated signal, insert the sine wave being used as pilot tone, guidance information frequency is hidden among steering signal; 2, as " direction backtracking discritized array " direct carrier wave extracted from steering signal required for demodulation of steering signal receiving terminal, carrier synchronization is completed.The mode of carrier synchronization contains but is not limited to " self-synchronizing method " and " insertion pilot tone system ".3, after demodulating guidance information as " the direction backtracking discritized array " of steering signal receiving terminal from steering signal, adopt flow process as shown in Figure 2, complete the tracking to guidance information, phase-locked and conjugate phase closes.Have employed the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) of the same crystal oscillator of a pair use in Fig. 2, use common crystal oscillator, ensure that the random initial phases of two DDS is synchronous.Wherein DDS-A completes the tracking of steering signal phase-locked, carries out PGC demodulation to " guidance information " that demodulation obtains, and obtains the phase information of guidance information.On board computer resolves phase information and the phase information control code of pilot signal, asks for the complement code of control code.This complement code injects DDS-B via spaceborne computer, is generated the signal with guidance information with conjugate phase by DDS-B.Be somebody's turn to do " phase conjugation signal " via after power amplifier amplification, feed antenna module radiates, to free space, completes reverse wave beam Guidance control.Therefore, it is possible to realize, when different DDS is to employing incoherent crystal oscillator independent of each other, generating phase coherence and the object of the signal of phase place and guidance information phase conjugation.Because the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) used in pairs is independent of one another, so there is no unified fixed phase problem of transmission, do not require transmitting antenna array continuous distribution.Support the discrete distribution of aerial array.Independent of one another and the auto-compensation crystal oscillator first phase temperature drift problems of the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) of paired use, therefore, applies direction of the present invention backtracking discritized array and has temperature self adjusting ability.
This method solve in traditional reverse beam-steering methods, the technological constraint of unique " local oscillator " must be used, and the engineering complexity that causes of technological constraint and implement difficulty thus.Apply method described in the invention, direction backtracking aerial array no longer to need the phase assignments of unique local oscillator by " wired " (microwave cable or microstrip transmission line) mode on each transmitting antenna, thus significantly reduce engineering complexity and implement difficulty, extensive (kilometer rank) direction backtracking off-line array antenna is achieved in engineering.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet according to method of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 1, method according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
S1. according to the restriction of user's request and system, determine the operating frequency of reverse guidance information, generate reverse guidance information g (t);
S2. reverse guidance information g (t) that step S1 generates is modulated on carrier frequency f (t), obtains steering signal g (t) f (t);
S3. via ground control centre, steering signal g (t) f (t) obtained by step S2 is transmitted into direction backtracking discritized array;
S4. backtracking discritized array in direction carries out demodulation to steering signal g (t) f (t) that step S4 receives, and recovers initial reverse guidance information g (t);
S5. the conjugate phase of reverse guidance information g (t) of solution procedure S4 recovery
S6. the conjugate phase that step S5 calculates is used
the conjugate phase signal of synthesis guidance information
S7. to the conjugate phase signal that step S6 exports
carry out power amplification and obtain signal
this signal is gone out via corresponding antenna transmission in direction backtracking discritized array.
Steering signal of the present invention is no longer the single-frequency continuous wave that phase place grips in mixing system altogether, but guidance information is modulated on carrier wave that frequency can choose arbitrarily, insert pilot signal again and form steering signal, steering signal receiving circuit carries the reinsertion of carrier the steering signal of guidance information from what receive, completes Phase synchronization, realizes the demodulation to " guidance information ".
In flow chart the 4th, 5,6,7 steps realize by orbit aerocraft, as shown in Figure 2, wherein, " following the tracks of phase-locked " and " conjugate phase synthesize " circuit use pair " Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) " embodiment, DDS-A and DDS-B.DDS-A, for following the tracks of phase-locked steering signal, carries out PGC demodulation to " guidance information " that demodulation obtains, and obtains the original phase information of guidance information.On board computer resolves phase information and the phase information control code of pilot signal, asks for the complement code of control code.This complement code injects DDS-B via spaceborne computer, has DDS-B to generate the signal with guidance information with conjugate phase.Be somebody's turn to do " phase conjugation signal " via after power amplifier amplification, feed antenna module radiates, to free space, completes reverse wave beam Guidance control.
The reverse beam-steering methods of backtracking discritized array in direction of the present invention can support do not have physical connection each other, the aerial array of discrete distribution forms direction backtracking discritized array, as shown in Figure 4, for solar power satellite, some the solar power satellites carrying the direction backtracking array of application the inventive method can form satellites formation exactly, jointly complete microwave wireless Energy Transfer from space to same grounded receiving station.
" the reverse beam-steering methods of direction backtracking discritized array " towards solar power satellite needs use ground control centre, launches " steering signal " that modulate to Wireless power transmission.As shown in Figure 3.Ground control centre is positioned at the geometric center of grounded receiving station.
Be positioned at the microwave wireless energy transmission system of orbit space, after receiving " steering signal " launched ground control centre, according to the execution mode shown in flow process and Fig. 4 shown in Fig. 2, complete the reception of steering signal, the solution of guidance information is in harmonious proportion the generation of conjugated signal.Wherein, " following the tracks of phase-locked " and " conjugate phase is synthesized " circuit use two " Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) ", i.e. DDS-A and DDS-B.DDS-A, for following the tracks of phase-locked steering signal, carries out PGC demodulation to " guidance information " that demodulation obtains, and obtains the original phase information of guidance information.DDS-B generates the signal with guidance information with conjugate phase, and after this conjugated signal carries out power amplification via power amplifier, aft antenna is launched in feed-in, is radiated free space, completes reverse wave beam Guidance control via transmitting antenna.
At this, it should be noted that, the content do not described in detail in this specification, be that those skilled in the art can be realized by the description in this specification and prior art, therefore, do not repeat.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.For a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, can make some amendments and replacement to the present invention, all such modifications and replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a reverse beam-steering methods for direction backtracking discritized array, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1. according to the restriction of user's request and system, determine the operating frequency of reverse guidance information, generate reverse guidance information g (t);
S2. reverse guidance information g (t) that step S1 generates is modulated on carrier frequency f (t), obtains steering signal g (t) f (t);
S3. via ground control centre, steering signal g (t) f (t) obtained by step S2 is transmitted into direction backtracking discritized array;
S4. backtracking discritized array in direction carries out demodulation to steering signal g (t) f (t) received, and recovers initial reverse guidance information g (t);
S5. the conjugate phase of reverse guidance information g (t) of solution procedure S4 recovery
S6. the conjugate phase that step S5 calculates is used
the conjugate phase signal of synthesis guidance information
S7. to the conjugate phase signal that step S6 exports
carry out power amplification and obtain signal
then this signal is gone out via corresponding antenna transmission in direction backtracking discritized array.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN106100644A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-11-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | The conjugate phase acquisition device changed based on direct radio frequency and method |
| CN109491403A (en) * | 2018-11-03 | 2019-03-19 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of collaboration Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Air Vehicle connection control method |
| CN111262604A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-09 | 武汉大学 | Beam self-tracking full-duplex communication system and method based on direction backtracking antenna |
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| WO2010118075A2 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | Raytheon Company | Wireless power transmission system and method |
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| WO2010118075A2 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | Raytheon Company | Wireless power transmission system and method |
| CN102497225A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Digital conjugate phase value calculation device applied to retrodirective array |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106100644A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-11-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | The conjugate phase acquisition device changed based on direct radio frequency and method |
| CN106100644B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-08-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Conjugate phase acquisition device and method based on the conversion of direct radio frequency |
| CN109491403A (en) * | 2018-11-03 | 2019-03-19 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of collaboration Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Air Vehicle connection control method |
| CN109491403B (en) * | 2018-11-03 | 2021-09-07 | 上海电力学院 | Cooperative high-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle connection control method |
| CN111262604A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-09 | 武汉大学 | Beam self-tracking full-duplex communication system and method based on direction backtracking antenna |
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