CN104482882A - Break opening measuring instrument used in overtopping dam break tests and measuring method - Google Patents
Break opening measuring instrument used in overtopping dam break tests and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104482882A CN104482882A CN201410800278.7A CN201410800278A CN104482882A CN 104482882 A CN104482882 A CN 104482882A CN 201410800278 A CN201410800278 A CN 201410800278A CN 104482882 A CN104482882 A CN 104482882A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a break opening measuring instrument used in overtopping dam break tests. The break opening measuring instrument comprises a controller, a laser generator and a photoelectric detector, wherein the laser generator and the photoelectric detector are respectively electrically connected with the controller; the linear distance between the laser generator and the central point of a dam toe is 1-1.5 times of the height of the dam; an included angle formed by the laser generator, the central point of the dam toe and the photoelectric detector is 15-21 degrees; the laser generator is used for emitting near infrared light to a water surface and emitting aquamarine blue laser to the dam, and the photoelectric detector is used for receiving reflected light generated by the water surface and the dam. According to the break opening measuring instrument used in the overtopping dam break tests, the dam break time and development process are measured by a laser scanning detection technology, sensors do not need to be embedded and recycled again, and a large quantity of labor and materials are saved; besides, the influence of signal noise is emphatically inhibited in the measuring process, so that the measuring precision is greatly improved, and the accuracy of the measuring result is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of a kind of unrestrained top and measuring method, belong to unrestrained top dam-break experiments technical field.
Background technology
China now has more than 80,000 seat dams, and they play huge social economic value in generating, water supply, irrigation, flood control, shipping etc.Can nowadays significantly increase by extreme Hydrological Events, once cause large dam breaking, consequence will be very serious.Therefore people are while making full use of natural water resources, and the safety problem for dam is also more and more paid attention to.
It is the main cause of large dam breaking that dam storehouse water overflows top, and in China, the ratio that it accounts for dam break sum has exceeded 51%.And carry out dam under complicated flow condition and overflow the study mechanism pushing up and burst, become China's disaster prevention ability that promotes, ensure socio-economic development, the important need of protection people life property safety.But burst in unrestrained top, process is very complicated, relate to the intersection of multiple subjects such as rock-soil mechanics, hydraulics, structural mechanics, sediment movement theory, these problems rely on theoretical analysis to solve can run into very large difficulty, and dam break model test has the unrivaled superiority of other means in mechanism of collapsed dam research.
Be record crevasse change by a kind of sensor special at present, this sensor special is made up of, for recording the time that this sensor is washed away by current topple sensor and microprocessor.A large amount of sensors is embedded on the ad-hoc location of dam body in advance, and after off-test, it gets back by staff in downstream river course, then by the signal-obtaining that wherein records out, in order to analyze dam bursting time and evolution.Utilize the sensor to measure dam bursting time and evolution, need the large quantity sensor of pre-plugged, and recover sensor after off-test, these process need at substantial manpower and materials, and inefficiency.In addition many sensors are after off-test, under being embedded in silt, are also difficult to recover.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: provide the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of a kind of unrestrained top and measuring method, suppresses backscatter signal, makes measurement result more accurate.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
A crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of unrestrained top, comprises controller, laser generator, photodetector, and described laser generator, photodetector are electrically connected with described controller respectively; Described laser generator to the air line distance of toe central point be the 1-1.5 of dam height doubly; The angle that described laser generator, toe central point and photodetector are formed is 15 °-21 °; Described laser generator is used for launching near infrared light to the water surface and launching bluish-green laser to dam, and described photodetector is for receiving the reflected light of the water surface and dam generation.
Further, crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of described unrestrained top also comprises polaroid, the polarization direction of described polaroid is orthogonal with the polarization direction of the incident light that laser generator is launched, and the reflected light that the water surface and dam produce arrives photodetector after polaroid.
Further, the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of described unrestrained top also comprises time gate control circuit, and described time gate control circuit is connected with photodetector, and arrives photodetector after the reflected light elapsed time gating circuit of the water surface and dam generation.
Preferably, described controller is AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer.
Crevasse measuring method in the dam-break experiments of a kind of unrestrained top, the unrestrained crevasse measuring instrument pushed up in dam-break experiments is as mentioned above utilized to realize, described laser generator is utilized to launch near infrared light to the water surface and launch bluish-green laser to dam, two-beam sends photodetector to after the water surface and dam reflection produce reflected light, photoelectric detector two restraints reflected light, and convert the reflected light signal of reception to electric signal and send controller to, controller processes electric signal, obtains crevasse shape.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technique effect:
1, the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of top is overflow in the present invention, utilizes laser scanning, detecting technology, measures dam bursting time and evolution, recover again, saved a large amount of man power and materials without the need to pre-buried.
2, the present invention overflow top dam-break experiments in crevasse measuring instrument, in measuring process, inhibit emphatically the impact of signal noise, thus significantly improve the precision of measurement, ensure that the accuracy of measurement result.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of crevasse measuring instrument that the present invention is overflow in the dam-break experiments of top.
Fig. 2 is the arrangenent diagram of crevasse measuring instrument that the present invention is overflow in the dam-break experiments of top.
Fig. 3 is the processing flow chart of crevasse measuring instrument measurement result that the present invention is overflow in the dam-break experiments of top.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail embodiments of the present invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Being exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention being interpreted as.
The present invention adopts laser scanning, detecting technology, but because crevasse is covered by dam-break water flow, there are again a large amount of silt suspended particulates in dam-break water flow, when the laser sent is by strong back scattering phenomenon will occur during muddy water medium, when target echo will be produced stronger noise level by during photoelectric detector together with backscatter signal, be enough to flood target echo level, therefore suppress backscatter signal to be key content of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, for the structural representation of crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of top is overflow in the present invention, comprise controller, laser generator, photodetector, laser generator, photodetector are electrically connected with controller respectively; Laser generator to the air line distance of toe central point be the 1-1.5 of dam height doubly; The angle that laser generator, dam central point and photodetector are formed is 15 °-21 °; Laser generator is used for launching near infrared light to the water surface and launching bluish-green laser to dam, and photodetector is for receiving the reflected light of the water surface and dam generation.
As further embodiment, crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of unrestrained top also comprises polaroid, the polarization direction of polaroid is orthogonal with the polarization direction of the incident light that laser generator is launched, and the reflected light that the water surface and dam produce arrives photodetector after polaroid.
As further embodiment, the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of unrestrained top also comprises time gate control circuit, and time gate control circuit is connected with photodetector, and arrives photodetector after the reflected light elapsed time gating circuit of the water surface and dam generation.
In the dam-break experiments of unrestrained top, the cardinal principle of crevasse measuring instrument is as follows: (1) laser generator sends the light beam of two bundle different wave lengths to dam-break water flow.A branch of is near infrared light, and this Shu Guang, by water-reflected, can measure the distance of launching site and the water surface.Another bundle is for bluish-green laser, and this bundle light transmission water flow medium, reflects at large dam facing, can detect the distance of launching site and dam under water.(2) owing to there are a large amount of silt suspended particulates in dam-break water flow, laser, by there is strong back scattering phenomenon during muddy water medium, in order to suppress backscatter signal, present invention employs three kinds of measures.
the dam position observed due to crevasse measuring instrument is fixed, photodetector and laser generator can be separated in place far away, and allowing field of view of receiver have a rational angle, the photon that can reduce a large amount of scattering is like this received, and improves contrast and the sensitivity of target.
because scatter light polarization direction and target reflecting light polarization direction present orthogonality relation substantially, photodetector adds the polaroid that polarization direction is orthogonal with light source polarization direction, can scattered light be filtered, improve target contrast further.
because scattered photon is different from the path of target reflecting light, before photodetector, increase time gate control circuit, the effect suppressing backscattered photons can be played.(3) process scanning the cloud data that obtains, comprising the merging of cloud data, pruning, filtering.It, by after quality assessment, derives according to formatted data, drawing 3 D graphics by cloud data.
As shown in Figure 2, for the arrangenent diagram of crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of top is overflow in the present invention, dam is between the upstream and downstream in river, laser generator, photodetector are individually fixed in the appropriate location of underwater bed, the toe central point (i.e. the position of figure mid point A) of dam, first according to the position that laser generator doubly determines laser generator to the 1-1.5 that the air line distance of toe central point is dam height, the position of photodetector is then determined according to the angle between laser generator, dam central point, photodetector.
As shown in Figure 3, for the processing flow chart of crevasse measuring instrument measurement result in the dam-break experiments of top is overflow in the present invention, reflected light signal converts to after electric signal sends controller to by photodetector, controller is handled as follows electric signal, comprise raw data scanning, data merge, data are pruned and filtering process, judge whether the quality of data after filtering process meets the requirements, meet the requirements and then formatted data is derived and drawing 3 D graphics, undesirable then continuation is pruned and filtering, and again judge whether the quality of data after processing meets the requirements, until obtain satisfactory data.
Above embodiment is only and technological thought of the present invention is described, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, and every technological thought proposed according to the present invention, any change that technical scheme basis is done, all falls within scope.
Claims (5)
1. the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of unrestrained top, it is characterized in that: comprise controller, laser generator, photodetector, described laser generator, photodetector are electrically connected with described controller respectively; Described laser generator to the air line distance of toe central point be the 1-1.5 of dam height doubly; The angle that described laser generator, toe central point and photodetector are formed is 15 °-21 °; Described laser generator is used for launching near infrared light to the water surface and launching bluish-green laser to dam, and described photodetector is for receiving the reflected light of the water surface and dam generation.
2. the crevasse measuring instrument overflow as claimed in claim 1 in the dam-break experiments of top, it is characterized in that: the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of described unrestrained top also comprises polaroid, the polarization direction of described polaroid is orthogonal with the polarization direction of the incident light that laser generator is launched, and the reflected light that the water surface and dam produce arrives photodetector after polaroid.
3. the crevasse measuring instrument overflow as claimed in claim 1 in the dam-break experiments of top, it is characterized in that: the crevasse measuring instrument in the dam-break experiments of described unrestrained top also comprises time gate control circuit, described time gate control circuit is connected with photodetector, and arrives photodetector after the reflected light elapsed time gating circuit of the water surface and dam generation.
4. the crevasse measuring instrument overflow as claimed in claim 1 in the dam-break experiments of top, is characterized in that: described controller is AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer.
5. the crevasse measuring method in a unrestrained top dam-break experiments, the crevasse measuring instrument in unrestrained top dam-break experiments as described in any one of claim 1-3 is utilized to realize, it is characterized in that: utilize described laser generator launch near infrared light to the water surface and launch bluish-green laser to dam, two-beam sends photodetector to after the water surface and dam reflection produce reflected light, photoelectric detector two restraints reflected light, and convert the reflected light signal of reception to electric signal and send controller to, controller processes electric signal, obtains crevasse shape.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107330274A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Consider the safe computational methods of earth and rockfill dam group control step sluicing of upstream dam bursting flood |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| JP3004302B2 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 2000-01-31 | スリーディー、システムズ、インコーポレーテッド | Solid modeling system and method |
| CN1271086A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2000-10-25 | 清华大学 | Schileren instrument for the measurement of body surface appearance |
| CN102162861A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-08-24 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method and device for detecting underwater object based on terahertz imaging |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107330274A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Consider the safe computational methods of earth and rockfill dam group control step sluicing of upstream dam bursting flood |
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