Background technology
With society and economic fast development, the living standard more and more higher of people, but water pollution problems are also increasingly
Seriously, industry, agricultural and waste water caused by life do not add processing directly discharge, result in the serious pollution of water body, directly affect
Mankind's drinking water safety, and the heavy metal contaminants in these water bodys enter human body and in vivo by drinking water or crops
Accumulation, causes the metabolic pathway of body to be obstructed, and seriously endangers health.Therefore corresponding measure must be taken to these heavy metals
Pollution is effectively handled.
Hydroxypropul starch be by starch and expoxy propane carry out etherification reaction in the basic conditions and synthesize it is a kind of it is non-from
The converted starch of subtype, it can disperse and soluble in water.It is water-soluble mainly using it to the study on the modification of hydroxypropul starch, lead to
The method of modifying such as crosslinking, grafting, esterification are crossed further to be denatured it, with introduce new active function groups improve its structure and
Performance, extended functionality and application field.At present, both at home and abroad in terms of the denaturation of hydroxypropul starch mainly through being esterified, being acylated,
Acetylation hydroxypropul starch ester, cross-linked hydroxypropylated starch, hydroxypropyl acetylated starch, the hydroxypropyl of the processes such as crosslinking exploitation
Acetylated distarch adipate, hydroxypropyl PASELLI EASYGEL etc..Self-crosslinking is obtained by being etherified -ester-cross-linked graft
AM/AA is grafted -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch, adds the feature group of starch, adds to a certain extent to starch
Modification degree and application performance.Again using it as primary raw material, composite modified starch derivative is prepared using reverse microemulsion process
Microballoon, improve regeneration and the recyclability of raw material and metal ion.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to improve the suction of self-crosslinking AM/AA grafting -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch heavy metals
Attached performance, there is provided a kind of preparation method of self-crosslinking AM/AA grafting -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch microballoon is inhaled with it in lead ion
The application in subsidiary formula face.
Concretely comprise the following steps:
(1) tapioca is reacted by etherificate -ester-cross-linked graft to obtain self-crosslinking AM/AA grafting -ester hydroxypropyls
Sill sweet potato starch, preparation method are shown in the Chinese patent application of Application No. 201410737087.0.
(2) grafting of the self-crosslinking AM/AA obtained by step (1) 2.6~3.5g of -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch is weighed to be added to
In 15~20mL deionized waters, stirred at 15~25 DEG C, be that 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions adjust the solution with concentration
PH is 10~12, stand-by.
(3) it is 2 by pure Span-60 is analyzed with the mass ratio for analyzing pure Tween-60:1 ratio, is prepared in measuring cup
0.5~0.7g blended emulsifiers, stir, stand-by.
(4) 60~80mL is taken to analyze pure hexamethylene in 250mL four-hole boiling flasks, the blended emulsifier that step (3) is prepared
Add in four-hole boiling flask, stirring and dissolving, and emulsified 30 minutes in 60 DEG C of stirred in water bath.
(5) solution obtained by step (2) is added dropwise in the oil phase emulsion in step (4), what is thus formed is anti-phase
W/O systems.Under 1000~1500r/min stirrings, dispersion and emulsion is carried out in 60 DEG C of water-baths 3~4 hours.
(6) dispersion liquid obtained by step (5) is centrifuged and removes upper oil phase, lower floor's product is successively respectively with 20~30mL
Analyze pure acetone and 20~30mL absolute ethyl alcohols wash 2~3 times, filter to obtain filter cake.
(7) filter cake obtained by step (6) is put into surface plate, is placed in 50 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries to constant weight, produce
Self-crosslinking AM/AA is grafted -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch microballoon.
(8) heavy metal ion performance test is adsorbed
It is 7 to prepare pH, and initial concentration is 2070mg/L Pb2+Standard liquid.Take the 20mL Pb2+Standard liquid is in 250mL
In conical flask and add the 0.6g spherexs, after being shaken 20 minutes in constant temperature oscillator at 25 DEG C, with aperture be 30~
50 μm of middling speed qualitative filter paper filtering.Filtrate is taken to determine wherein Pb with UV-VIS spectrophotometry2+The quality of metal ion
Concentration.Supernatant is taken to determine Pb after absorption after filtering2+Concentration.
Adsorption capacity Q is calculated according to the following formulaeAnd metal ion clearance R (%):
In formula, Qe:Adsorption capacity, unit mg/g;
R:Clearance, %;
V:Heavy metal ion liquor capacity, unit L;
C0:The concentration of heavy metal ion solution before absorption, unit mg/L;
C1:The concentration of heavy metal ion solution after absorption, unit mg/L;
m:Adsorbent mass, unit g.
The present invention is grafted -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch as raw material using self-crosslinking AM/AA, and Span-60 and Tween-60 are answered
It is emulsifying agent with liquid, in the basic conditions, using reverse microemulsion process, disperses to form self-crosslinking AM/ under quick stirring
AA is grafted -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch derivative microballoon.Microballoon external form rule, epigranular, space net structure is good, interior
Portion's pores'growth, good adsorption performance.
Embodiment:
(1) tapioca is dried to constant weight in 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers, obtains butt tapioca.
(2) butt tapioca obtained by 8g steps (1) is weighed in four-hole boiling flask, is added 30mL and is analyzed pure absolute ethyl alcohol,
Stir.
(3) the sodium hydroxide solution 15mL that mass fraction is 10% is measured, controls and was added drop-wise at 15 minutes obtained by step (2)
In tapioca suspension, temperature is risen to 40 DEG C after being added dropwise, continues stir-activating 30 minutes.
(4) take 4mL analyses pure propylene oxide to add in mixed solution obtained by step (3), reacted 10 hours at 40 DEG C;So
It is afterwards 7 with pure glacial acetic acid regulation system pH is analyzed, obtains Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch solution.
(5) take 8mL analysis purified petroleum benzin formyl chloride stirrings are lower to add in Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch solution obtained by step (4);Take again
12mL mass fractions are 10% sodium hydroxide solution, control and are added drop-wise at 20 minutes in reaction system, continue reaction 3 hours;
Then with pure glacial acetic acid regulation system pH to 6 is analyzed, benzoyl esterification Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch solution is obtained.
(6) 0.16g sodium hydrogensulfites and 0.08g ammonium persulfates is weighed to add in 50mL small beakers, add 10mL go from
Sub- water, initiator mixed solution is obtained after being uniformly dissolved at room temperature.
(7) step (5) resulting material is heated to 55 DEG C, initiator mixed liquor obtained by 3mL steps (6) is added, under stirring
Activation 30 minutes.
(8) weigh 4g and analyze pure acrylic acid in 50mL small beakers, be 7 with pure trimethylamine regulation pH is analyzed;Take 2g propylene
Then acid amides and 0.08g N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide add 15mL deionized waters, stirred in another 50mL small beakers
Mix dissolving;Mixed again with the acrylic acid solution after neutralization, obtain monomer mixed solution.
(9) monomer mixed solution obtained by step (8) is slowly added dropwise into system obtained by step (7), control drips for 3 hours
Finish, add the remaining initiator mixed liquor of step (6);Then stirring reaction is continued at 55 DEG C 3 hours.
(10) feed liquid obtained by step (9) is cooled to 35 DEG C, filtered;Pure absolute ethyl alcohol is analyzed with 50mL to wash three times, then
Washed three times with 50mL analysis pure acetones;Filter cake is put into 50 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dried to constant weight, produces self-crosslinking AM/AA
It is grafted -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch crude product.
(11) crude product obtained by step (10) is put into apparatus,Soxhlet's, it is small adds 100mL analysis pure acetone extractings 24
When;Take out the material after extracting, be put into 50 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber and dry to constant weight, produce product self-crosslinking AM/AA grafting-
It is esterified Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch.
(12) grafting of the self-crosslinking AM/AA obtained by step (11) -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch 2.6g is weighed to be added to
In 15mL deionized waters, stirred at 25 DEG C, be that the pH that 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions adjust the solution is 11 with concentration,
It is stand-by.
(13) it is 2 by pure Span-60 is analyzed with the mass ratio for analyzing pure Tween-60:1 ratio, is prepared in measuring cup
0.5g blended emulsifiers, stir, stand-by.
(14) take 60mL to analyze pure hexamethylene in 250mL four-hole boiling flasks, the blended emulsifier that step (13) is prepared is added
Enter in four-hole boiling flask, stirring and dissolving, and emulsified 30 minutes in 60 DEG C of water-baths.
(15) solution obtained by step (12) is added dropwise in the oil phase emulsion in step (14), what is thus formed is anti-
Phase W/O systems.Under 1500r/min stirrings, dispersion and emulsion is carried out in 60 DEG C of water-baths 3 hours.
(16) dispersion liquid obtained by step (15) is centrifuged and removes upper oil phase, lower floor's product is successively respectively with 20mL points
Analyse pure acetone and 20mL absolute ethyl alcohols wash 3 times, filter to obtain filter cake.
(17) filter cake obtained by step (16) is put into surface plate, is placed in 50 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries to constant weight, i.e.,
Derived from crosslinking AM/AA grafting -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch derivative microballoons.
(18) gained self-crosslinking AM/AA grafting -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch derivative microballoons in step (17) are carried out
Pb2+Absorption property is tested.
It is 7 to prepare pH, and initial concentration is 2070mg/L Pb2+Standard liquid.Take the 20mL Pb2+Standard liquid is in 250mL
In conical flask and the 0.6g spherexs are added, are 40 μm with aperture after being shaken 20 minutes in constant temperature oscillator at 25 DEG C
Middling speed qualitative filter paper filtering.Filtrate is taken to determine wherein Pb with UV-VIS spectrophotometry2+The mass concentration of metal ion.
Supernatant is taken to determine Pb after absorption after filtering2+Concentration.
Adsorption capacity Q is calculated according to the following formulaeAnd metal ion clearance R (%):
In formula, Qe:Adsorption capacity, unit mg/g;
R:Clearance, %;
V:Heavy metal ion liquor capacity, unit L;
C0:The concentration of heavy metal ion solution before absorption, unit mg/L;
C1:The concentration of heavy metal ion solution after absorption, unit mg/L;
m:Adsorbent mass, unit g.
It is 22.53mg/g, Pb to measure adsorption capacity2+Clearance 91.26%.
The SEM for comparing log sweet potato starch and starch derivatives microballoon schemes, and display log sweet potato starch particle surface is smooth, presents
Incomplete spherical, the diameter of ball is between 5~10 μm.Self-crosslinking AM/AA is grafted -ester Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch microsphere surface
There is the smaller material of some particles on out-of-flatness, surface, present substantially spherical, and the diameter of microballoon is between 10~15 μm, and surface is not
Smooth is due to that particle mutually collides with particle during reaction, makes surface that the state of out-of-flatness be presented.