CN104478460A - Preparation method of fiber-enhanced silicon carbide composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of fiber-enhanced silicon carbide composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104478460A CN104478460A CN201410775642.9A CN201410775642A CN104478460A CN 104478460 A CN104478460 A CN 104478460A CN 201410775642 A CN201410775642 A CN 201410775642A CN 104478460 A CN104478460 A CN 104478460A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a fiber-enhanced silicon carbide composite material, belonging to the field of material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: by using fibers as a reinforcing body, impregnating the fibers by using slurry containing silicon carbide in nano fineness and phenolic resin; after the slurry on the fibers is cured, carrying out cleavage reaction to form a pre-moulded body with microcracks; and carrying out in-situ reactive sintering on the pre-moulded body and single element silicon under a vacuum condition to obtain the fiber-enhanced silicon carbide composite material. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the nanoscale silicon carbide power is introduced to adjust the performance of the slurry and improve the impregnation efficiency; the pre-moulded body in a network structure prepared provides a channel for diffusion of silicon; the prepared composite material is uniform in matrix, high in compactness, excellent in mechanical property and good in anti-oxidization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material preparation, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites.
Background technology
Silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites is subject to the attention of increasing material supplier author because having the premium propertiess such as good, the anticorrosive and non-brittle fracture of high strength, low density, high-temperature behavior.At defence and military and aerospace field, carborundum based material shows wide application prospect in novel aerospacecraft etc.At the civil area such as communications and transportation and new forms of energy, the brake facing etc. of nucleosynthesis plasma generating device and bullet train, express elevator also proposes strong demand to carborundum based material.
At present, the technique preparing silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites mainly contains chemical vapor infiltration (Chemical Vapor Infiltration), organic matter precursor cracking process (Polymer Impregnationand Pyrolysis), reaction sintering (Reaction Sintering) and pressure sintering (Hot Pressing).In above preparation method, it is simple that reaction sintering possesses technological process, preparation cycle is short, a kind of typical low cost preparation technology, especially owing to adopting the large progress of bunch fiber D refraction statics knitting skill and the development of staple fibre compounding technology in recent years, raw materials cost is significantly reduced, therefore makes this technology can realize comprehensive cost degradation from raw material to preparation process.But also there is a technical difficult problem in reaction sintering, reaction sintering is prepared silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites and is contained a certain amount of free silica, reaction sintering at high temperature base substrate and elemental silicon (being generally liquid-state silicon) is reacted, generate β-SiC, and combine with dipping nano SiC, form silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, excessive elemental silicon is residual in matrix material hole makes it contain a certain amount of free silica, the fusing point of free silica is 1410 DEG C, when use temperature is more than 1400 DEG C, materi-als loose physical strength is made due to the fusing of silicon, have impact on the high-temperature behavior of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, thus limit the use range of such matrix material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the preparation method proposing a kind of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, it is even that prepared matrix material has matrix, and density is high, good mechanical performance, the advantages such as good in oxidation resistance.Solve in the silicon carbide fiber reinforced matrix material adopting reaction sintering to prepare in prior art and contain a certain amount of free silica to the impact of high-temperature behavior.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, it is using fiber as reinforcement, use and containing the silicon carbide of nanometer fineness and the slurry of resol, above-mentioned fiber is flooded, scission reaction is carried out after slurry curing on rear fiber to be impregnated, form the preform with tiny crack, preform and elemental silicon are carried out reaction in－situ sintering under vacuum, obtains silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites.
Use above method, utilize the adjustment containing nano silicon carbide powder dipping sizing agent to improve between fibrous bundle and the pickling efficiency of fibrous bundle endobasal-body.Utilize the difference of silicon-carbide particle and the cracking carbon coefficient of expansion simultaneously, equally distributed tiny crack is produced in pyrocarbon matrix, suppress the generation of gross blow hole in cracking carbon process, form a kind of network structure, for in reaction in－situ sintering process, the diffusion of silicon provides passage, promote the densification of matrix, obtain the high-performance fiber enhancing ceramic matric composite of few defect, the high and low remaining silicon of density.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned methods, fiber is at least one in carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber.Can avoid like this introducing other impurity.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned methods, dehydrated alcohol is contained in described slurry.Being used alone resol can make slurry viscosity comparatively large, therefore preferably wherein also containing a certain amount of dehydrated alcohol.Make it the better slurry being mixed to form appropriate viscosity with silicon carbide, better can carry out dipping to fiber and wrap up.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned methods, flood for vacuum impregnation.Vacuum-impregnated concrete steps are, are placed in by fiber in a container, then to container vacuum-pumping, then suck slurry, carry out vacuum impregnation to fiber.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned methods, described scission reaction for carry out under protection of inert gas atmosphere.Usually select at 1100 degrees celsius, in nitrogen atmosphere, carry out scission reaction.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned methods, described dipping, solidification and scission reaction are for repeatedly to circulate.Only be once difficult to form equally distributed tiny crack, repeatedly react, the tiny crack on preform can be allowed to be evenly distributed, and then make in position in reaction sintering elemental silicon can evenly spread, promote the densification of matrix, obtain the high-performance fiber enhancing ceramic matric composite of few defect, the high and low remaining silicon of density; Also avoid free silica on the impact of matrix material high-temperature behavior simultaneously.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned methods, described fiber surface deposits cracking carbon-coating and silicon carbide layer, and silicon carbide layer is deposited on elemental silicon and fiber contacts when fiber surface avoids reaction in－situ, and protection fiber, from the erosion of elemental silicon, makes fibre strength be maintained.
A preparation method for silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, it comprises the steps:
Step 1) fiber is placed in vacuum moulding machine stove, at its surface deposition cracking carbon-coating and silicon carbide layer;
Step 2) by step 1) fiber that obtains puts into airtight container, the resol slurry containing nano silicon carbide powder is sucked after extracting vacuum, adopt vacuum impregnation fabric, again sample is transferred in autoclave and pressurizes, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h;
Step 3) again by step 2) sample that obtains puts into airtight container, resol slurry is sucked after extracting vacuum, adopt vacuum impregnation fabric, again sample is transferred in autoclave and pressurizes, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h;
Step 4) repeating step 3) repeatedly, obtain preform;
Step 5) preform and elemental silicon are carried out reaction in－situ sintering under vacuum, obtain silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites.
In above method, step 4) in repeating step 3) number of times be 1-4 time; Further preferably, step 4) and step 5) between also comprise the step of preform being carried out graphitization processing, the impurity in preform can be removed so further, improve the follow-up performance preparing matrix material.
In above method, preferably, step 3) in slurry also containing dehydrated alcohol.
Compared to the prior art, method provided by the invention has following advantage:
(1) introduce nano-grade silicon carbide powder, regulate size performance, improve pickling efficiency;
(2) preform with network structure is prepared, for the diffusion of silicon provides passage;
(3) this matrices of composite material is even, and density is high, good mechanical performance, good in oxidation resistance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM feature image after carrying out a scission reaction in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 2 is composite materials property prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 is the SEM feature image of the preform of preparation in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 4 is the composite materials property of preparation in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further illustrated by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
This enforcement adopts the blend fiber of carbon fiber and silicon carbide fiber to prepare fiber reinforcement base silicon carbide based composites as raw material, and its preparation method comprises the steps:
Step 1) by container airtight for fiber, the resol slurry containing nano silicon carbide powder is sucked after extracting vacuum, adopt vacuum impregnation fabric, again sample is transferred in autoclave and pressurizes, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h; Obtain the preform with tiny crack.In above-mentioned steps, in slurry, the mass ratio of resol and nano silicon carbide powder is 75:25.
Step 2) preform and elemental silicon are together placed in Reaktionsofen, under vacuum condition, be warming up to 1600 DEG C and be incubated 0.5h, being prepared into carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide based composites by reaction in－situ sintering technology.
Here explanation is needed, in above-mentioned steps 2) and step 1) between can also comprise repeatedly flood, solidify and scission reaction circulation, the crackle of the preform prepared like this is even, is conducive to step 2) in silicon enter reaction, and then improve material property.
Certainly exist, in aforesaid method, step 1) can also dehydrated alcohol be also had in the slurry that uses, use dehydrated alcohol can regulate the viscosity of slurry, make it more easily to flood.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of 3D of employing needled carbon fiber to prepare the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites as raw material, and it comprises the steps:
Step 1) 3D needled carbon fibre product is put into carbon tube furnace, carry out unsticking process.Here need to illustrate that unsticking process is not necessary step, the concrete fiber properties with reference to using, also can adopt silicon carbide fiber etc. to substitute for fiber.
Step 2) sample after unsticking is put into cvd furnace, under vacuum, in 1050 DEG C of deposition pyrolytic carbon layers and silicon carbide layer.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and also only can deposit pyrolytic carbon layer or silicon carbide layer in this step.
Step 3) by resol, nano carborundum powder in mass ratio 82:18 be mixed with slurry.Certainly this proportioning is not fixed mixing ratio, just under this ratio, the performance of slurry is comparatively applicable to follow-up dip treating, and prepared composite property is better, those skilled in the art suitably can adjust resol and nanometer silicon carbide ratio for different process requirements or different performance requriementss.
Step 4) sample after deposition is put into slurry, adopt vacuum impregnation carbon fiber product, then carbon fiber product is taken out, be transferred in autoclave and pressurize, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h.The sample topography obtained as shown in Figure 1.
Step 5) resol and dehydrated alcohol are mixed with resin slurry by 1:1 mass ratio.Certainly, also can not dehydrated alcohol be added in this step, or suitable increase dehydrated alcohol consumption.
Step 6) cracking sample is put into virgin resin slurry adopt vacuum impregnation, again impregnated sample is taken out, be transferred in autoclave and pressurize, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h.
Step 7) repeat 6 steps 2 time, obtain the preform with tiny crack.
Step 8) graphitization processing is carried out to sample, then preform and elemental silicon are together placed in Reaktionsofen, under vacuum condition, be warming up to 1600 DEG C and be incubated 0.5h, being prepared into carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide based composites by reaction in－situ sintering technology.Here need to illustrate, the non-essential step of graphitization processing, carrying out graphited object is avoided impurity etc. to impact follow-up reaction in－situ sintering, and such as oxygen element can generate silicon oxide with pasc reaction.Composite density prepared in this enforcement reaches 2.04g/cm
3, open porosity is less than 6%, and normal temperature tensile mechanical properties reaches 241MPa, and high temperature (1600 DEG C) tensile mechanical properties 192MPa, mechanical curves as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3
In this enforcement, use length to be that the carbon fiber of 35 ~ 150mm prepares silicon carbide fiber reinforced matrix material as raw material.Its concrete preparation method is as follows:
Step 1) resol and nano carborundum powder are mixed with slurry, the mass ratio of resol and nano carborundum powder is 80:20;
Step 2) slurry is put into container, heat in a water bath, and stir, put into the carbon fiber that length is 35 ~ 150mm simultaneously;
Step 3) sample in container is put into fixing mould, be transferred in autoclave and be forced into 2MPa, then be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C of insulation 0.5 ~ 1h and be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking 0.5 ~ 1h under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, obtains cracking structure;
Step 4) resol and dehydrated alcohol are mixed with virgin resin slurry by 1:1 mass ratio;
Step 5) cracking sample is put into virgin resin slurry adopt vacuum pressed to flood, again impregnated sample is taken out, be transferred in autoclave and pressurize, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h;
Step 6) repeat 5 steps 1 time, preform reaches certain density and void distribution.The sample topography obtained as shown in Figure 3.
Step 7) graphitization processing is carried out to sample, then sample is placed in Reaktionsofen, under vacuum condition, be warming up to 1600 DEG C and be incubated 0.5h, being prepared into carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide based composites by reaction in－situ sintering technology.Prepared composite density reaches 2.11g/cm
3, open porosity is less than 4%, and normal temperature tensile mechanical properties reaches 259MPa, and high temperature (1600 DEG C) tensile mechanical properties reaches 183MPa, and mechanical curves as shown in Figure 4.
Certainly, in above method, silicon carbide fiber also can be used as raw material, the just more difficult preparation of sic raw material, cost is higher.
Method provided by the invention, utilizes the adjustment containing nano silicon carbide powder dipping sizing agent to improve between fibrous bundle and the pickling efficiency of fibrous bundle endobasal-body.Utilize the difference of silicon-carbide particle and the cracking carbon coefficient of expansion simultaneously, equally distributed tiny crack is produced in pyrocarbon matrix, suppress the generation of gross blow hole in cracking carbon process, form a kind of network structure, for in reaction in－situ sintering process, the diffusion of silicon provides passage, promote the densification of matrix, obtain the high-performance fiber enhancing ceramic matric composite of few defect, the high and low remaining silicon of density.
Below know-why of the present invention is described in conjunction with specific embodiments.These describe just in order to explain principle of the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention by any way.Based on explanation herein, those skilled in the art does not need to pay performing creative labour can associate other embodiment of the present invention, and these modes all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, it is using fiber as reinforcement, use and containing the silicon carbide of nanometer fineness and the slurry of resol, above-mentioned fiber is flooded, scission reaction is carried out after slurry curing on rear fiber to be impregnated, form the preform with tiny crack, preform and elemental silicon are carried out reaction in－situ sintering under vacuum, obtains silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites.
2. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fiber is at least one in carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber.
3. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, containing dehydrated alcohol in described slurry.
4. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described dipping is vacuum impregnation.
5. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described scission reaction for carry out under protection of inert gas atmosphere.
6. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described dipping, solidification and scission reaction are for repeatedly to circulate.
7. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fiber surface deposits cracking carbon-coating and/or silicon carbide layer.
8. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sintering temperature of described reaction in－situ is more than or equal to 1600 degrees Celsius.
9. a preparation method for silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites, it comprises the steps:
Step 1) fiber is placed in vacuum moulding machine stove, at its surface deposition cracking carbon-coating and/or silicon carbide layer;
Step 2) by step 1) fiber that obtains puts into airtight container, the resol slurry containing nano silicon carbide powder is sucked after extracting vacuum, vacuum impregnation fabric, again sample is transferred in autoclave and pressurizes, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h;
Step 3) again by step 2) sample that obtains puts into airtight container, resol slurry is sucked after extracting vacuum, vacuum impregnation fabric, again sample is transferred in autoclave and pressurizes, be warming up to 150 ~ 180 DEG C and be incubated 0.5 ~ 1h and carry out Procuring process, then be warming up to 230 DEG C insulation 0.5 ~ 1h be cured; Finally sample after solidification is placed in cracking under 1100 DEG C of nitrogen atmospheres, insulation 0.5h;
Step 4) repeating step 3) repeatedly, obtain preform;
Step 5) preform and elemental silicon are carried out reaction in－situ sintering under vacuum, obtain silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites.
10. the preparation method of silicon carbide fiber reinforced based composites according to claim 9, is characterized in that in above method, step 4) in repeating step 3) number of times be 1-4 time; Step 4) and step 5) between also comprise the step of preform being carried out graphitization processing.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106977235A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of method for preparing Si SiC antioxidant coatings in carbon material surface |
| CN109293383A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-01 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of fiber reinforcement carbon/carbon-silicon carbide ceramics base composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113215724A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon fiber cured hard felt by integral needling forming |
| CN113698220A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-26 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Preparation method of fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite material and fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1850730A (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2006-10-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for preparing carbon-fiber reinforced silicon carbonate base composite by gas-phase siliconizing technology |
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2014
- 2014-12-15 CN CN201410775642.9A patent/CN104478460A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1850730A (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2006-10-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method for preparing carbon-fiber reinforced silicon carbonate base composite by gas-phase siliconizing technology |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106977235A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-25 | 东北大学 | A kind of method for preparing Si SiC antioxidant coatings in carbon material surface |
| CN109293383A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-01 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of fiber reinforcement carbon/carbon-silicon carbide ceramics base composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109293383B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-06-25 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Fiber-reinforced carbon-silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN113215724A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-06 | 因达孚先进材料(苏州)有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon fiber cured hard felt by integral needling forming |
| CN113698220A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-26 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Preparation method of fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite material and fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite material |
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