CN104477877A - Preparation method of supercapacitor porous carbon material by adopting polymer copolymerization and activation compounding method - Google Patents
Preparation method of supercapacitor porous carbon material by adopting polymer copolymerization and activation compounding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a supercapacitor porous carbon material by adopting a polymer copolymerization and activation compounding method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking heat-stability resin as a carbon precursor raw material and taking an active epoxy prepolymer as a pore-forming chain section, carrying out copolymerization, curing, and granulating; immersing with a composite co-melted alkali solution; carrying out activation treatment; and carrying out acid washing, washing with hot de-ionized water, drying and vacuum heat treatment to obtain the porous carbon material. The preparation process is simple, low in cost, and environmentally-friendly, and is suitable for industrial production. The porous carbon material provided by the invention has the specific surface area is within 1800m<2>/g-2700m<2>/g, the mesopore rate is up to 40%-50% and the average pore diameter is 2.0nm-3.0nm; and the distribution of pore diameters is narrow and the adsorption performance is good. A supercapacitor electrode made of the porous carbon material has the properties of high capacity, high power, long cycle life and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of nonmetal Carbon Materials, particularly for the preparation method of the porous carbon material of electrode of super capacitor.
Background technology
Porous carbon material has hole prosperity, specific surface area is large, absorption property good, chemical stability is high, lower-price characteristic, is therefore widely used in the fields such as environmental protection, medicine, chemical industry, electronics and military affairs.The development of science and technology, while making the demand of porous charcoal increase rapidly, also has higher requirement to its performance.As the porous charcoal of ultracapacitor or double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode materials, not only need high specific surface area, and require that its aperture is mainly distributed in the less mesopore of diameter (2 ~ 10nm) scope, the double layer capacitor of height ratio capacity and high-specific-power could be obtained.Electrode of super capacitor porous carbon material many employings chemical activation method preparation in the market, wherein the most frequently used chemical activating agent is KOH, and tracing it to its cause is that this method can obtain height (>2000m
2/ g) porous carbon material of specific surface area.
When adopting single KOH to be activator, in order to pursue high-specific surface area, KOH add-on is comparatively large (consumption is by 3 ~ 8 of activating substance times) often, and make seriously polluted, production cost increases; Simultaneously, the porous carbon material that this method obtains belongs to Microporous Carbon more, and mean pore size < 2 nm, during as electrode material for super capacitor, to exist under high current density especially in organic electrolyte capacity attenuation serious, the problems such as power characteristic reduction.
CN102515138A discloses a kind of preparation method of porous carbon material of high-specific surface area hierarchical porous structure, sucrose, pitch, resol etc. is adopted to be carbon source, silicon-dioxide is template, KOH makees activator (mass ratio is 1:1 ~ 1:8), obtain porous carbon material through mixing, charing, template removal, activation treatment, gained porous carbon material specific surface area is at 1700 ~ 2500 m
2between/g, aperture concentrates on about 1.5nm and 10nm.This method needs to adopt KOH dissolved oxygen SiClx template, and during activation, KOH consumption is large, complex process and cost is high.
CN102838105B discloses a kind of preparation method of classifying porous Carbon Materials, with the coal-tar pitch of cheapness for carbon source, nanometer ferric oxide is adopted to be template, potassium hydroxide is activator, porous carbon material is obtained through operations such as mixing, grinding, activation, template removal, washings, wherein raw materials quality ratio is: coal-tar pitch: ferric oxide: potassium hydroxide=(0.7 ~ 1.5): (2 ~ 2.8): 1, and obtained porous carbon material specific surface area is between 1157 ~ 1330m
2between/g, total pore volume is between 0.69 ~ 1.35cm
3between/g, mean pore size is between 2.39 ~ 4.05nm.This method and aforementioned patent similar, need to adopt sulfuric acid dissolution ferric oxide template, complex process.And gained porous carbon material specific surface area is on the low side.
CN1872674A discloses a kind of preparation method for porous carbon material for supercapacitor, refinery coke is adopted to be rich carbon source material, after carbonizing in advance, mix by weight for 1:4 ~ 1:6 carries out dipping with KOH, after overactivation pore-creating, obtain carbonaceous electrode materials, gained porous carbon material specific surface area is at 1500 ~ 2000m
2/ g, mean pore size is at 2 ~ 3nm.The usage quantity of the method KOH is comparatively large, and production cost is high, do not provide in this patent simultaneously this porous carbon material in different electrolytes chemical property as the size of ratio capacitance value.
CN166998A discloses a kind of method of producing active carbon with high specific surface area, with tobacco rod solid waste for raw material, through pulverizing, after drying, flood with potassium hydroxide solution, the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide solution and tobacco rod waste is 1: 1 ~ 5: 1, inserts in microwave radiation device and is heated to 600 DEG C, and insulation for some time comes out of the stove; Use hydrochloric acid soln pickling again, obtain active carbon with high specific surface area product with hot wash, oven dry.Obtained porous carbon material specific surface area is at 2000 ~ 2500 m
2/ g.In this method, tobacco rod solid waste impurity metal ion content is high, and increase as leakage current during electrode materials, cyclical stability is poor, and KOH activator level is large, and needs to adopt expensive microwave device, further increases production cost.
Therefore suitable carbon precursor raw material, activator is selected, determine the pretreatment technology that is suitable for and activating process, reducing environmental pollution and production cost while the pore texture of guarantee porous carbon material and specific surface area are applicable to electrode of super capacitor, is the key of dealing with problems.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of environmental protection, production cost is lower and specific surface area that is obtained material is high, even aperture distribution and the preparation method of the porous carbon material for electrode of super capacitor of excellent electrochemical performance.
Implementation of the present invention is as follows:
The preparation method of porous carbon material, comprises the following steps.
The preparation method of polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor, its preparation process is as follows:
Step 1, raw materials pretreatment: heat-staple resene compound and active epoxy prepolymer are dissolved in volatile organic solvent in proportion, fully mix, the mass ratio of described resene compound and epoxy prepolymer is (2 ~ 5): 1; Under catalyst action, carry out copolyreaction, reaction conditions is, temperature rise rate 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min, and temperature of reaction is 120 ~ 220 DEG C, and the reaction times is 1 ~ 4h, obtained interpolymerized cure product;
The activation treatment of step 2, interpolymerized cure product: step one gained interpolymerized cure thing is crushed to 50-200 order, mix with complex metal hydroxide, heating makes its melting carry out activation treatment simultaneously, the mass ratio of described interpolymerized cure thing and complex metal hydroxide is 1:(0.5 ~ 1.5), in complex metal hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide ratio is 40% ~ 80%, priming reaction condition is: temperature rise rate 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min, and temperature of reaction is 700 ~ 850 DEG C, and the reaction times is 1 ~ 4h; The mixture of the preferred potassium hydroxide of described congruent melting metal hydroxides and ironic hydroxide, nickel hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide.
Step 3, step 2 gained activation products are added water washing to pH≤10 after, add the HCl solution that concentration is 10%, soak 5 ~ 8 hours, continue to add water washing to pH≤8, after filtration, at 100 ~ 110 DEG C, dry obtained porous carbon material;
Step 4, the porous carbon material obtained by step 3 is carried out ball milling and screening, selection particle diameter is the powder of 5 ~ 20 μm, again pressure be 0.01MPa ~ 0.03MPa, temperature rise rate is 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min, thermal treatment temp carries out vacuum high-temperature thermal treatment under be 450 ~ 700 DEG C and soaking time being the condition of 1 ~ 3h, thus obtained electrode of super capacitor porous carbon material.
The preparation method of above-mentioned polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor, wherein, described active epoxy prepolymer preferred, polyethers segment, urethane segment and polyester segment, molecular weight is between 800 ~ 2000.
The preparation method of above-mentioned polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor, wherein, the one in the preferred resol of heat-staple resene compound, furfuryl resin, urea-formaldehyde resin or melamine resin.
The preparation method of above-mentioned polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor, wherein, described in be beneficial to epoxy addition reaction catalyzer comprise triphenylphosphine, tosic acid, addition is 0.4 ~ 0.8% of epoxy prepolymer consumption.
The preparation method of above-mentioned polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor, wherein, described organic solvent adopts the one in methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone or butanone.
Adopt aforesaid method can obtain the porous carbon material of electrode of super capacitor, and be properties when ensureing materials application, preferred specific surface area is 1800 ~ 2700 m
2/ g, total pore volume are 1.02 ~ 2.0 cm
3/ g, aperture integrated distribution between 2.0 ~ 3.0 nm and mesoporous reach 40% ~ 50% porous carbon material.
Compared with existing porous carbon material technology of preparing, advantage applies of the present invention exists:
1. the present invention carries out pre-treatment in the mode of chemical copolymerization to resin matrix, namely carbon precursor polymkeric substance and heat-decomposing compound is made to form graft copolymer or segmented copolymer by certain chemical reaction, the cohesion that chain identical in the repulsive interaction and segment that utilize the uncompatibility in epoxy prepolymer between soft segment from heat-stabilised poly compound to produce self or different macromole is intersegmental, forms differential from phase region.The micro phase separation structure of formation like this is fixed on because being connected with heat-stabilised poly compound covalent linkage the commitment that is separated in solidify reaction process, and domain size is controlled within the scope of nanoscale.In reactivation process, along with cosegment pyrolysis effusion, in resin matrix, form abundant nanoaperture, for the infiltration of activator provides passage, improve activation efficiency.
2. the present invention selects agent to be potassium hydroxide and the composite activating agent with the iron of catalytic activity, cobalt, nickel hydroxide, this composite activating agent has the dual function of pore-creating and reaming, and after resin matrix carries out copolymerization pre-treatment, required activator level is only equivalent to 0.5 ~ 1.5 times of resin interpolymerized cure thing, compared to traditional KOH activation method, consumption greatly reduces, and therefore reduces equipment requirements, reduces the pollution of environment.And as the recyclable recycling of the carbonate of activator in preparation process.
3. the porous carbon material that prepared by the present invention all has higher quality and volumetric capacitance in water-based and organic system, specific energy and specific power high, there is good charge-discharge performance simultaneously.
4, the porous carbon material that obtains of the present invention, in organic electrolyte system, show excellent chemical property, after 5000 cycle charge-discharges, ratio capacitance still reaches 150 ~ 160 F/g, and current density increases 50 times, and capability retention reaches 80 ~ 90 %
Accompanying drawing explanation
The charging and discharging curve figure of hole charcoal in organic electrolyte of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention 1;
The porous charcoal of Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention 1 in organic electrolyte ratio capacitance with the graphic representation of current density change;
The graph of pore diameter distribution of the porous charcoal of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment
Epoxy prepolymer in the embodiment of the present invention is the prepolymer with epoxy-functional; Described organic solvent purity adopts use for laboratory chemical pure.
embodiment 1
Get resol (Phenolic Resin) 100 g, be 3:1 in resol and epoxy prepolymer ratio, take polyether segment epoxy prepolymer 33 g, catalyzer tosic acid 198 mg, is dissolved in the anhydrous methanol of 500 ml, fully stirs until solution clarification, interpolymerized cure reaction is carried out at mixed solution is warming up to 160 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, reaction times is 3h, has reacted rear cool to room temperature, is crushed to 50 orders.By KOH and the Fe (OH) that above-mentioned resin interpolymerized cure thing 100 g mass ratio is 1:1
3(50:50) mixture mixing, is warming up to 800 DEG C of insulation 1h by the temperature rise rate of 5 DEG C/min and carries out activation treatment.Add water repetitive scrubbing to pH≤10 after product to be activated cooling, adds the HCl solution soaking 3 hours of 10%, continue to add water washing to pH≤8, dry at 100 ~ 120 DEG C after filtration, obtain the porous carbon material of preparation.It is 5 ~ 10 μm that above-mentioned porous carbon material ball mill is finely ground to particle diameter, vacuum heat treatment is carried out with 2 DEG C/min ramp to 500 DEG C again under 0.01MPa vacuum condition, treatment time is 1h, finally obtains polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor.
After tested, the tap density of above-mentioned porous carbon material is 0.36 g/cm
3, the specific surface area of above-mentioned electrode porous Carbon Materials is 1930 m
2/ g, pore volume is 1.23 cm
3/ g, mean pore size is 2.2 nm, at 1 mol/L Et
4nBF
4in/PC organic electrolyte, current density is 1 mA/cm
2time ratio capacitance be 163 F/g.As shown in Figure 1, this porous carbon electrode shows good charge-discharge performance, and charging and discharging curve has good symmetry, and efficiency for charge-discharge is close to 100%; As shown in Figure 2, current density increases 50 times, and ratio capacitance is 137 F/g, and capability retention reaches 84 %, shows good high rate during charging-discharging.
embodiment 2
Get furfuryl resin (Furfural Resin) 100 g, be 4:1 in furfuryl resin and epoxy prepolymer ratio, take polyester segment epoxy prepolymer 33 g, catalyzer triphenylphosphine 198 mg, is dissolved in the dehydrated alcohol of 500 ml, fully stirs until solution clarification, interpolymerized cure reaction is carried out at mixed solution is warming up to 200 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, reaction times is 4h, has reacted rear cool to room temperature, is crushed to 100 orders.By KOH and the Ni (OH) that above-mentioned resin interpolymerized cure thing 100 g mass ratio is 1:1.5
2(70:30) mixture mixing, is warming up to 850 DEG C of insulation 1.5h by the temperature rise rate of 5 DEG C/min and carries out activation treatment.Add water repetitive scrubbing to pH≤10 after product to be activated cooling, adds the HCl solution soaking 3 hours of 10%, continue to add water washing to pH≤8, dry at 100 ~ 120 DEG C after filtration, obtain the porous carbon material of preparation.It is 5 ~ 10 μm that above-mentioned porous carbon material ball mill is finely ground to particle diameter, vacuum heat treatment is carried out with 2 DEG C/min ramp to 500 DEG C again under 0.01MPa vacuum condition, treatment time is 1h, finally obtains polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor.
After tested, the specific surface area of the above-mentioned porous carbon material for electrode of super capacitor is 2108 m
2/ g, pore volume is 1.14 cm
3/ g, mean pore size is 2.1 nm, this porous carbon electrode after 5000 charge and discharge cycles, at 1 mol/L Et
4nBF
4in/PC organic electrolyte, current density is 1 mA/cm
2time ratio capacitance be 155F/g, current density increases 50 times, and ratio capacitance still reaches 140F/g.
embodiment 3
Get urea-formaldehyde resin (Furfural Resin) 100 g, be 3:1 in urea-formaldehyde resin and epoxy prepolymer ratio, take polyether segment epoxy prepolymer 33 g, catalyzer triphenylphosphine 198 mg, is dissolved in the dehydrated alcohol of 500 ml, fully stirs until solution clarification, interpolymerized cure reaction is carried out at mixed solution is warming up to 180 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, reaction times is 3h, has reacted rear cool to room temperature, is crushed to 50 orders.By KOH and the Co (OH) that above-mentioned resin interpolymerized cure thing 100 g mass ratio is 1:1.5
2(80:20) mixture mixing, is warming up to 750 DEG C of insulation 2h by the temperature rise rate of 5 DEG C/min and carries out activation treatment.Add water repetitive scrubbing to pH≤10 after product to be activated cooling, adds the HCl solution soaking 3 hours of 10%, continue to add water washing to pH≤8, dry at 100 ~ 120 DEG C after filtration, obtain the porous carbon material of preparation.It is 5 ~ 10 μm that above-mentioned porous carbon material ball mill is finely ground to particle diameter, vacuum heat treatment is carried out with 2 DEG C/min ramp to 500 DEG C again under 0.01MPa vacuum condition, treatment time is 1h, finally obtains polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor.
After tested, the specific surface area of the above-mentioned porous carbon material for electrode of super capacitor is 2327 m
2/ g, pore volume is 1.34 cm
3/ g, mean pore size is 2.4 nm, as shown in Figure 3, the micropore size of this porous carbon material is comparatively large, and aperture is mainly distributed in about 2nm, and pore size distribution is concentrated, be suitable as very much electrode of super capacitor material, this porous carbon electrode after 5000 charge and discharge cycles, at 1 mol/L Et
4nBF
4in/PC organic electrolyte, current density is 1 mA/cm
2time ratio capacitance be 150F/g, current density increases 50 times, and ratio capacitance still reaches 139F/g.
embodiment 4
Get melamine resin (Melamine Resin) 100 g, be 3.5:1 in melamine resin and epoxy prepolymer ratio, take polyether segment epoxy prepolymer 33 g, catalyzer tosic acid 198 mg, is dissolved in the acetone of 500 ml, fully stirs until solution clarification, interpolymerized cure reaction is carried out at mixed solution is warming up to 220 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, reaction times is 2h, has reacted rear cool to room temperature, is crushed to 200 orders.By KOH and the Fe (OH) that above-mentioned interpolymerized cure thing 100 g mass ratio is 1:1.5
3(70:30) mixture mixing, is warming up to 800 DEG C of insulation 2h by the temperature rise rate of 5 DEG C/min and carries out activation treatment.Add water repetitive scrubbing to pH≤10 after product to be activated cooling, adds the HCL solution soaking 3 hours of 10%, continue to add water washing to pH≤8, dry at 100 ~ 120 DEG C after filtration, obtain the porous carbon material of preparation.It is 5 ~ 10 μm that above-mentioned porous carbon material ball mill is finely ground to particle diameter, vacuum heat treatment is carried out with 2 DEG C/min ramp to 500 DEG C again under 0.01MPa vacuum condition, treatment time is 1h, finally obtains polymkeric substance copolymerization activation composite algorithm porous carbon material for supercapacitor.
After tested, the specific surface area of the above-mentioned porous carbon material for electrode of super capacitor is 2650 m
2/ g, pore volume is 1.52 cm
3/ g, mean pore size is 2.4 nm, this porous carbon electrode after 5000 charge and discharge cycles, at 1 mol/L Et
4nBF
4in/PC organic electrolyte, current density is 1 mA/cm
2time ratio capacitance be 169F/g, current density increases 50 times, and ratio capacitance still reaches 150F/g.
Claims (9)
1. for a preparation method for the porous carbon material of electrode of super capacitor, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step one, heat-staple resene compound and active epoxy prepolymer are dissolved in volatile organic solvent in proportion, fully mix, add a certain amount of be beneficial to epoxy addition reaction catalyzer after carry out copolyreaction, copolymerization, cured reaction condition are, temperature rise rate 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min, temperature of reaction is 120 ~ 220 DEG C, and the reaction times is 1 ~ 4h, obtained interpolymerized cure product;
Step 2, step one gained interpolymerized cure thing is crushed to 50-200 order, mix with complex metal hydroxide, heating makes its melting carry out activation treatment simultaneously, and priming reaction condition is: temperature rise rate 1 ~ 10 DEG C/min, temperature of reaction is 700 ~ 850 DEG C, and the reaction times is 1 ~ 4h;
Step 3, step 2 gained activation products are added water washing to pH≤10 after, add the HCl solution of 10%, soak 5 ~ 8 hours, continue to add water washing to pH≤8, after filtration, at 100 ~ 110 DEG C, dry obtained porous carbon material;
Step 4, the porous carbon material obtained by step 3 is carried out ball milling and screening, selection particle diameter is the powder of 5 ~ 20 μm, again pressure be 0.01MPa ~ 0.03MPa, temperature rise rate is 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min, thermal treatment temp carries out vacuum high-temperature thermal treatment under be 450 ~ 700 DEG C and soaking time being the condition of 1 ~ 3h, thus obtained electrode of super capacitor porous carbon material.
2. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described heat-staple resene compound and active epoxy prepolymer is (2 ~ 5): 1.
3. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described interpolymerized cure thing and complex metal hydroxide is 1:(0.5 ~ 1.5).
4. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described active epoxy prepolymer preferred, polyethers segment, urethane segment and polyester segment, molecular weight is between 800 ~ 2000.
5. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the one in the preferred resol of described heat-staple resene compound, furfuryl resin, urea-formaldehyde resin or melamine resin.
6. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described in be beneficial to epoxy addition reaction catalyzer comprise triphenylphosphine, tosic acid, addition is 0.4 ~ 0.8% of epoxy prepolymer consumption.
7. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the organic solvent selected be one in methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone or butanone.
8. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described congruent melting metal hydroxides is the mixture of potassium hydroxide and ironic hydroxide, nickel hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide.
9. the preparation method of porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described complex metal hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide ratio is 40% ~ 80%.
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| CN112670484A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-16 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery negative electrode material, lithium ion battery and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116239116A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-09 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | Method for preparing heteroatom doped porous carbon material with high specific surface area by ion activation method and application thereof |
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