CN104472223A - Method for fruiting bag-cultivated mushroom at one time - Google Patents

Method for fruiting bag-cultivated mushroom at one time Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104472223A
CN104472223A CN201410836373.2A CN201410836373A CN104472223A CN 104472223 A CN104472223 A CN 104472223A CN 201410836373 A CN201410836373 A CN 201410836373A CN 104472223 A CN104472223 A CN 104472223A
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mushroom
parts
weight
bacterium
fruiting
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CN104472223B (en
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巩玉辉
李坚之
周绍辉
隋海周
陈翠翠
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Qingdao Joint Industry Technology Development Co. Ltd.
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QINGDAO HSLN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for fruiting bag-cultivated mushroom at one time. The method comprises the operation steps of mushroom selection, inoculated culture, test tube expanding, cultivated species inoculation, cultivated species culture, strain treatment, raw material pretreatment, material batching and stirring, mushroom stick packaging, mushroom stick sterilization, mushroom stick inoculation, mushroom stick cultivation, mushroom stick coloring, mushroom stick pretreatment and mushroom stick fruiting. Coarse and fine culture base materials of a mushroom stick produced by utilizing the scheme are reasonably matched, nutrient substances are full, and perlite in a formula has the functions of holding moisture, ventilating air, regulating the potential of hydrogen and providing multiple microelements needed by the growth of the mushroom; meanwhile, oak chips and apple chips are mixed with corncobs, so that the ventilation of the mushroom stick is improved, the biotransformation rate of the mushroom is improved favorably, biotransformation of the mushroom stick can be promoted by virtue of a great number of microelements in canal mud, the uniformity of mushroom stick fruiting is improved by pre-cooling a mushroom bag, the mushroom stick fruiting speed is increased by utilizing the stimulation of the difference between pre-cooling temperature and external environment temperature, and the biotransformation rate is improved by 10-20 percent.

Description

The method of a bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus fruiting
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method in Edible Fungi field, particularly mushroom, specifically the method for a kind of bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus fruiting.
Background technology
The fragrant bacterium of mushroom popular name, mushroom, flat village mushroom, vertebra young pilose antler, containing high protein, low fat, polysaccharide, several amino acids and multivitamin mushroom food, there is the effects such as hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol, have the laudatory title of " king in mushroom ", " mushroom queen ", " hats of vegetables ", there is very high nutritive value.Mushroom has its irreplaceable status from ancient times to the present as second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushroom.
Cultivating champignon, mainly based on bag cultivation, after the supplementary material such as wood chip, wheat bran mixing pack, is inoculated mushroom strain after normal-pressure sterilization, is started fruiting after sending out full bacterium annesl.Existing Lenlinus edodes bag and cultivation mode mainly contain some problems:
1, bacterium rod bacteria and the annesl cycle long.Xianggu stick the counting day from inoculation of conventional formulation, need growth bacteria time of 90 days and 30 days annesl time can fruiting, whole bacteria and fruiting cycle need 120 days, long-time bacteria causes the loss of a large amount of nutrient component of bacterium bag, and the bacteria phase longly easily causes mycotic infection and bacteriological infection.
2, the bacterium rod fruiting cycle is long.Fruiting is started after xianggu stick acanthopore annesl, conventional xianggu stick is cultivated and is started first time acanthopore in about 45 days, cultivate and within about 90 days, start second time acanthopore, the loss of bacterium rod large quantity of moisture is caused after bacterium rod acanthopore, after impelling out bag, the general water content of bacterium rod is lower than 40%, its nutrition of water content few bacterium rod fruiting cannot supply mushroom flower bud, causes the phenomenons such as fruiting is slow, fruiting is late, fruiting is difficult.Within such as, after the bacterium rod had enters canopy 2-3 days, get final product fruiting, some bacterium bags need 7-10 days ability fruitings, and in general 1.5 ten thousand bacterium bags are placed on every mu of ground, at least need 6 months ability to terminate fruiting completely.
3, bacterium rod biological transformation ratio is low.Mushroom is a kind of wood decay fungi, and main dependence mycelia secretes various enzyme, decomposing lignocellulose, draws carbohydrate and nitrogen-containing compound, and a small amount of mineral salt, vitamin etc.4 months bacterias, colour-change period and 6 months fruiting phases of current Lentnus edodes consume a large number of nutrients and cause mushroom biological transformation ratio low, general 2 jin of siccative xianggu sticks, the most voluminous fresh goods mushroom is 1 jin, biotransformation efficiency is about 50%, well below the biotransformation efficiency of flat mushroom, Asparagus, Xingbao mushroom.
Summary of the invention
According to above-mentioned weak point, the object of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus fruiting, by the method, the mushroom fruiting cycle can be realized short, the object that biological transformation ratio is high.
For achieving the above object, technical program of the present invention lies in: the method for a kind of bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus fruiting, champignon compost is that toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 25-30 part, applewood bits parts by weight are 30-40 part, wheat bran parts by weight are 20-30 part, corncob parts by weight are 5-10 part, perlite parts by weight are 5-10 part, gypsum parts by weight are 1-5 part, river silt parts by weight are 0.8-1 part, KH 2pO 4parts by weight are 0.15-0.2 part, MgSO 4parts by weight are 0.05-0.1 part, add water and are adjusted between 50-58% by said mixture moisture content; Operating procedure is as follows:
One, bacterial classification process
(1) plant mushroom to select: select fresh, mushroom handle is short, and hair scale sheet is many, and the mushroom of non-parachute-opening is as kind of a mushroom;
(2) inoculated and cultured: on super-clean bench, tears mushroom from mushroom handle, and in mushroom handle and mushroom cap junction, with scalpel cutting mung bean size bacterial classification, access has been gone out in the PDA medium test tube of bacterium, cultivates 8 days in 25 DEG C, covers with test tube and uses as original mother's kind;
(3) test tube expansion connects: select the original mother covering with pipe to plant, on super-clean bench, shovel the bacterium block getting mung bean size with inoculation, access has been gone out in the PDA medium of bacterium, cultivates 8 days for 25 DEG C;
(4) cultivated species is inoculated: Spawn incubation based formulas is the thick wood chip 78% of broad-leaved tree, rice bran 20%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, above-mentioned medium is loaded plastic sack, plastic sack specification is the polypropylene plastics pocket of 15 × 30cm, thickness 5-6 silk, every sacked material 1kg, seal by three-piece after installing bag, 121 DEG C of autoclavings 2 hours, after the cooling of bacterium bag; Access is female plants test tube mycelia, and 3 bacterium bags inoculated by each test tube:
(5) cultivated species is cultivated: cultivated species is cultivated 30 days at 25 DEG C;
(6) bacterial classification process: use with after alcohol wipe outer bag when bacterial classification uses;
Two, bacterium rod process
(1) pretreatment of raw material: toothed oak wood chip built heap fermentation through 6 months; River silt is pulverized through cracker;
(2) mixing and stirring: toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 25-30 part, applewood bits parts by weight are 30-40 part, wheat bran parts by weight are 20-30 part, corncob parts by weight are 5-10 part, perlite parts by weight are 5-10 part, gypsum parts by weight are 1-5 part, river silt parts by weight are 0.8-1 part, KH2PO4 parts by weight are 0.15-0.2 part, MgSO4 parts by weight are 0.05-0.1 part, add water and are adjusted between 50-58% by said mixture moisture content;
(3) bacterium bastinade bag: the polyethylene plastic bag selecting size 15 × 55cm, thickness 5-6 silk, every sacked material 2kg, uses steel nail tying after installing bag;
(4) bacterium rod sterilizing: adopt normal pressure 110 DEG C of sterilizings 12 hours;
Three, mushroom fruiting process
(1) bacterium rod inoculation: each bacterium bastinade 4 vaccinations, the bacterium jacket inoculated outer bag is avoided polluting;
(2) bacterium rod bacteria: bacteria 2 months at the bacterium bag inoculated 25 DEG C, occurs that yellow physiological water starts to enter the annesl stage;
(3) bacterium rod annesl: send out full bacterium bacterium rod 22 DEG C, 800 lux LED annesls 1 month;
(4) bacterium rod pretreatment: the bacterium rod having turned look, after sloughing outer bag, carry out freezing at low-temperature cold store, excellent heart temperature 0 DEG C maintains 24 hours;
(5) bacterium rod fruiting: pretreated bacterium rod, put into rapidly fruiting booth, environmental temperature maintains 15-30 DEG C of scope, and every day is a spray water sooner or later, and after 3-5 days, bacterium rod starts fruiting, in 30 days bacterium to contract out mushroom complete.
Preferably: described toothed oak wood chip particle diameter is at 6-10mm.
Preferably: described apple wood chip particle diameter≤3mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the bacterium rod adopting such scheme to produce, the collocation of bacterium rod culture base-material thickness rationally, nutriment is abundant, in formula, perlite has water conservation, ventilation, regulate acid-base value and the various trace elements needed for mushroom growth is provided, coordinate toothed oak wood chip and apple wood chip to mix with corncob simultaneously and add bacterium rod gas permeability, contribute to the biological transformation ratio improving mushroom, the biological transformation that Macro and microelements can promote bacterium rod is there is in river silt, bacterium bag precooling treatment is adopted to provide the uniformity of bacterium rod fruiting, the thermal stimulation between precooling and external environment is utilized to accelerate bacterium rod fruiting speed, improve 10%-20% biotransformation efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is operational flowchart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Booth is warmed up for the Qingdao early summer a certain spring, champignon compost is selected to be that toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 25 parts, applewood bits parts by weight are 30 parts, wheat bran parts by weight are 20 parts, corncob parts by weight are 5 parts, perlite parts by weight are 5 parts, gypsum parts by weight are 1 part, river silt parts by weight are 0.8 part, KH 2pO 4parts by weight are 0.15 part, MgSO 4parts by weight are 0.05 part, add water and are adjusted between 50% by said mixture moisture content, wherein, toothed oak wood chip particle diameter at 6mm, apple wood chip particle diameter 2mm.
Concrete operations are as follows:
One, bacterial classification process
(1) select fresh, mushroom handle is short, and hair scale sheet is many, and the mushroom of non-parachute-opening is as kind of a mushroom;
(2) inoculated and cultured: on super-clean bench, tears mushroom from mushroom handle, and in mushroom handle and mushroom cap junction, with scalpel cutting mung bean size bacterial classification, access has been gone out in the PDA medium test tube of bacterium, cultivates 8 days in 25 DEG C, covers with test tube and uses as original mother's kind;
(3) test tube expansion connects: select the original mother covering with pipe to plant, on super-clean bench, shovel the bacterium block getting mung bean size with inoculation, access has been gone out in the PDA medium of bacterium, cultivates 8 days for 25 DEG C;
(4) cultivated species is inoculated: Spawn incubation based formulas is the thick wood chip 78% of broad-leaved tree, rice bran 20%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, above-mentioned medium is loaded plastic sack, plastic sack specification is the polypropylene plastics pocket of 15 × 30cm, thickness 5-6 silk, every sacked material 1kg, seal by three-piece after installing bag, 121 DEG C of autoclavings 2 hours, after the cooling of bacterium bag; Access is female plants test tube mycelia, and 3 bacterium bags inoculated by each test tube:
(5) cultivated species is cultivated: cultivated species is cultivated 30 days at 25 DEG C;
(6) bacterial classification process: use with after alcohol wipe outer bag when bacterial classification uses;
Two, bacterium rod process
(1) pretreatment of raw material: toothed oak wood chip built heap fermentation through 6 months; River silt is pulverized through cracker;
(2) mixing and stirring: moisture content is adjusted to 50% by the mixing that added water by above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating;
(3) bacterium bastinade bag: the polyethylene plastic bag selecting size 15 × 55cm, thickness 5-6 silk, every sacked material 2kg, uses steel nail tying after installing bag;
(4) bacterium rod sterilizing: adopt normal pressure 110 DEG C of sterilizings 12 hours;
Three, mushroom fruiting process
(1) bacterium rod inoculation: each bacterium bastinade 4 vaccinations, the bacterium jacket inoculated outer bag is avoided polluting;
(2) bacterium rod bacteria: bacteria 2 months at the bacterium bag inoculated 25 DEG C, occurs that yellow physiological water starts to enter the annesl stage;
(3) bacterium rod annesl: send out full bacterium bacterium rod 22 DEG C, 800 lux LED annesls 1 month;
(4) bacterium rod pretreatment: the bacterium rod having turned look, after sloughing outer bag, carry out freezing at low-temperature cold store, excellent heart temperature 0 DEG C maintains 24 hours;
(5) bacterium rod fruiting: pretreated bacterium rod, put into rapidly fruiting booth, the time of putting into booth is on June 20th, 2014, in booth, day temperature controls is about 25 DEG C, evening, temperature controlled to be about 17 DEG C, and environmental temperature maintains 15-30 DEG C of scope, and every day is a spray water sooner or later.Start to budding in of that month mushroom on the 24th, within 30th, started to pluck mushroom this month, plucked complete in secondary month 19 days.Last altogether 26 days and complete fruiting, substantially reduce the fruiting cycle.This booth floor space 600 ㎡, places 10,000 bags of bacterium rods, altogether fruiting 1.3 ten thousand kilograms, and calculating mushroom biotransformation efficiency is 65%.
Embodiment 2
Booth is warmed up for Qingdao in the summer a certain spring, champignon compost is selected to be that toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 27 parts, applewood bits parts by weight are 35 parts, wheat bran parts by weight are 25 parts, corncob parts by weight are 7 parts, perlite parts by weight are 7 parts, gypsum parts by weight are 3 parts, river silt parts by weight are 0.9 part, KH 2pO 4parts by weight are 0.172 part, MgSO 4parts by weight are 0.07 part, add water said mixture moisture content to be adjusted to 55%, wherein, toothed oak wood chip particle diameter at 8mm, apple wood chip particle diameter 3mm.
Concrete operations are as follows:
Moisture content is adjusted to 55% by the mixing that added water by composts or fertilisers of cultivating as different from Example 1, and all the other operations are identical with embodiment 1.The time of putting into booth is on July 11st, 2014, and in booth, day temperature controls is about 25 DEG C, and evening, temperature controlled to be about 17 DEG C, and environmental temperature maintains 15-30 DEG C of scope, and every day is a spray water sooner or later.Start to budding in of that month mushroom on the 14th, within 18th, started to pluck mushroom this month, plucked complete in secondary month 5 days.Last altogether 25 days and complete fruiting, substantially reduce the fruiting cycle.This booth floor space 650 ㎡, places 1.5 ten thousand bags of bacterium rods, altogether fruiting 2.2 ten thousand kilograms, and calculating mushroom biotransformation efficiency is 73.3%.
Embodiment 3
Booth is warmed up for the Qingdao late summer a certain spring, champignon compost is selected to be that toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 30 parts, applewood bits parts by weight are 40 parts, wheat bran parts by weight are 30 parts, corncob parts by weight are 10 parts, perlite parts by weight are 10 parts, gypsum parts by weight are 5 parts, river silt parts by weight are 1 part, KH 2pO 4parts by weight are 0.2 part, MgSO 4parts by weight are 0.1 part, add water said mixture water content to be adjusted to 0.58, wherein, toothed oak wood chip particle diameter at 10mm, apple wood chip particle diameter 3mm.
Concrete operations are as follows:
Moisture content is adjusted to 58% by the mixing that added water by composts or fertilisers of cultivating as different from Example 1, and all the other operations are identical with embodiment 1.The time of putting into booth is on September 20th, 2014, and in booth, day temperature controls is about 25 DEG C, and evening, temperature controlled to be about 17 DEG C, and environmental temperature maintains 15-30 DEG C of scope, and every day is a spray water sooner or later.Start to budding in of that month mushroom on the 23rd, within 31st, started to pluck mushroom this month, plucked complete in secondary month 15 days.Last altogether 24 days and complete fruiting, substantially reduce the fruiting cycle.This booth floor space 600 ㎡, places 1.3 ten thousand bags of bacterium rods, altogether fruiting 1.9 ten thousand kilograms, and calculating mushroom biotransformation efficiency is 73.1%.

Claims (3)

1. the method for a bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus fruiting, it is characterized in that: champignon compost is that toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 25-30 part, applewood bits parts by weight are 30-40 part, wheat bran parts by weight are 20-30 part, corncob parts by weight are 5-10 part, perlite parts by weight are 5-10 part, gypsum parts by weight are 1-5 part, river silt parts by weight are 0.8-1 part, KH 2pO 4parts by weight are 0.15-0.2 part, MgSO 4parts by weight are 0.05-0.1 part, add water and are adjusted between 50-58% by said mixture moisture content; Operating procedure is as follows:
One, bacterial classification process
(1) plant mushroom to select: select fresh, mushroom handle is short, and hair scale sheet is many, and the mushroom of non-parachute-opening is as kind of a mushroom;
(2) inoculated and cultured: on super-clean bench, tears mushroom from mushroom handle, and in mushroom handle and mushroom cap junction, with scalpel cutting mung bean size bacterial classification, access has been gone out in the PDA medium test tube of bacterium, cultivates 8 days in 25 DEG C, covers with test tube and uses as original mother's kind;
(3) test tube expansion connects: select the original mother covering with pipe to plant, on super-clean bench, shovel the bacterium block getting mung bean size with inoculation, access has been gone out in the PDA medium of bacterium, cultivates 8 days for 25 DEG C;
(4) cultivated species is inoculated: Spawn incubation based formulas is the thick wood chip 78% of broad-leaved tree, rice bran 20%, white sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, above-mentioned medium is loaded plastic sack, plastic sack specification is the polypropylene plastics pocket of 15 × 30cm, thickness 5-6 silk, every sacked material 1kg, seal by three-piece after installing bag, 121 DEG C of autoclavings 2 hours, after the cooling of bacterium bag; Access is female plants test tube mycelia, and 3 bacterium bags inoculated by each test tube:
(5) cultivated species is cultivated: cultivated species is cultivated 30 days at 25 DEG C;
(6) bacterial classification process: use with after alcohol wipe outer bag when bacterial classification uses;
Two, bacterium rod process
(1) pretreatment of raw material: toothed oak wood chip built heap fermentation through 6 months; River silt is pulverized through cracker;
(2) mixing and stirring: toothed oak wood chip parts by weight are 25-30 part, applewood bits parts by weight are 30-40 part, wheat bran parts by weight are 20-30 part, corncob parts by weight are 5-10 part, perlite parts by weight are 5-10 part, gypsum parts by weight are 1-5 part, river silt parts by weight are 0.8-1 part, KH 2pO 4parts by weight are 0.15-0.2 part, MgSO 4parts by weight are 0.05-0.1 part, add water and are adjusted between 50-58% by said mixture moisture content;
(3) bacterium bastinade bag: the polyethylene plastic bag selecting size 15 × 55cm, thickness 5-6 silk, every sacked material 2kg, uses steel nail tying after installing bag;
(4) bacterium rod sterilizing: adopt normal pressure 110 DEG C of sterilizings 12 hours;
Three, mushroom fruiting process
(1) bacterium rod inoculation: each bacterium bastinade 4 vaccinations, the bacterium jacket inoculated outer bag is avoided polluting;
(2) bacterium rod bacteria: bacteria 2 months at the bacterium bag inoculated 25 DEG C, occurs that yellow physiological water starts to enter the annesl stage;
(3) bacterium rod annesl: send out full bacterium bacterium rod 22 DEG C, 800 lux LED annesls 1 month;
(4) bacterium rod pretreatment: the bacterium rod having turned look, after sloughing outer bag, carry out freezing at low-temperature cold store, excellent heart temperature 0 DEG C maintains 24 hours;
(5) bacterium rod fruiting: pretreated bacterium rod, put into rapidly fruiting booth, environmental temperature maintains 15-30 DEG C of scope, and every day is a spray water sooner or later, and after 3-5 days, bacterium rod starts fruiting, in 30 days bacterium to contract out mushroom complete.
2. the method for a bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus according to claim 1 fruiting, is characterized in that: described toothed oak wood chip particle diameter is at 6-10mm.
3. the method for a bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus according to claim 1 fruiting, is characterized in that: described apple wood chip particle diameter≤3mm.
CN201410836373.2A 2014-12-26 2014-12-26 The method of fruiting of bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus Expired - Fee Related CN104472223B (en)

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108174748A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-19 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 Accelerate the method for lentinus edodes strain stick culture period annesl
CN108887084A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-11-27 安徽坤霖生物科技有限公司 A kind of production method of mushroom protospecies breeding
CN109006170A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-18 贵州金蟾大山生物科技有限责任公司 A kind of bacterium bag production method of Dictyophora rubrovalvata fast growing bacteria
CN112335487A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-09 十堰香蕈科技有限公司 Industrialized cultivation method for lentinus edodes for creating stable growth environment

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CN101003440A (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-07-25 洛阳富海农产品有限公司 Additive for mushroom rich in selenium
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108174748A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-19 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 Accelerate the method for lentinus edodes strain stick culture period annesl
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CN108887084A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-11-27 安徽坤霖生物科技有限公司 A kind of production method of mushroom protospecies breeding
CN109006170A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-18 贵州金蟾大山生物科技有限责任公司 A kind of bacterium bag production method of Dictyophora rubrovalvata fast growing bacteria
CN112335487A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-09 十堰香蕈科技有限公司 Industrialized cultivation method for lentinus edodes for creating stable growth environment

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