CN104464997A - 一种高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
本发明高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料；由以下组分及质量百分比的合金粉末：Nd 16～24%、B 0.95～1.12%、Cu 0.12～0.19%、Co 0.21～0.32%、Ga 0.05～0.13%、Nb 0.28～0.40%、Pr 2.1～3.1%、Tb 0.12～0.25%、余量为 Fe；添加纳米钯黑、纳米钛粉、纳米氮化钛粉烧结而成。本发明由不同粒径的磁粉，添加多种活性纳米粉末，混合均匀通过特殊烧结工艺烧结而成，通过该工艺形成晶粒细小、晶界相均匀分布与晶粒取向完整的钕铁硼磁体，该钕铁硼磁体具有更高的矫顽力，而且有效保证了其高的磁能积，获得高矫顽力与高磁能积的均衡。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于磁性功能材料领域，具体涉及一种高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
自从1983年Sagawa等人发现钕铁硼磁体以来，其优异的磁性能创造了当时的最高纪录，从而宣告了第三代稀土永磁体的诞生，理论磁能积(BH)可达64MGOe(509kJ／m3)，实验室磁能积(BH)已达59MGOe(469kJ／m3)，工业规模可生产磁能积(BH)高达52MGOe(413kJ／m3)的磁体。然而，由于烧结NdFeB磁体的温度稳定性较差，而稳定性的提高需要磁体矫顽力的改善，因此开发具有高磁能积(BH)和高矫顽力(H i)的烧结磁体也是NdFeB研究者的主要目标。随着应用市场的不断扩大，烧结钕铁硼的研发和产业化速度很快，这是其它永磁材料所无法比拟的。近年来对计算机、通讯器材以及汽车用电机在小型化、轻量化及节能环保等方面的要求，也必然会对磁体性能的要求越来越高。一种低成本烧结钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法，申请号：201210068196.9。该发明用低成本的稀有金属钬替代的高成本的稀有金属镝，同时不影响烧结钕铁硼磁体的磁性能，从而降低产品的生产成本。，其主要技术指标达到以下参数：剩磁(Br) 1.18 ～ 1.22 mT ；磁感应矫顽力(bHc) ≥ 860 kA/m ；内禀矫顽力(jHc) ≥ 1353 kA/m。最大磁能积(BH)max 263 ～ 295 kJ/m3 。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料，该高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料，具有更高的矫顽力，而且有效保证了其高的磁能积，获得高矫顽力与高磁能积的均衡。
本发明高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料；由以下组分及质量百分比的合金粉末：Nd 16～24%、B 0.95～1.12%、Cu 0.12～0.19%、Co 0.21～0.32%、Ga 0.05～0.13%、Nb 0.28～0.40%、Pr 2.1～3.1%、Tb 0.12～0.25%、余量为 Fe；添加纳米钯黑、纳米钛粉、纳米氮化钛粉烧结而成。
作为优化，该高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料，所述纳米钯黑平均粒径为10nm、纳米钛粉平均粒径为40nm、纳米氮化钛粉平均粒径为60nm。
制备该高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照质量百分比Nd 23.6%、B 1.11%、Cu 0.19%、Co 0.32%、Ga 0.13%、Nb 0.39%、Pr 3.1%、Tb 0.25%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.15～0.25mm 之间的薄片；
（2）将步骤（1）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在550～570℃脱氢6小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为1～2μm 的磁粉；
（3）按照质量百分比Nd 14.2%、B 0.96%、Cu 0.13%、Co 0.22%、Nb 0.30%、Pr 2.6%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.25～0.35mm 之间的薄片；
（4）将步骤（4）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在580～590℃脱氢4小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为2.5～3.5μm 的磁粉；
（5）将步骤（2）和步骤（4）中的磁粉、纳米钯黑、纳米钛粉、纳米氮化钛粉按质量比为850:150:4:9:18加入到混合机中混合均匀，得混合粉料；
（6）将步骤（5）中的混合粉料在磁场压机中取向，冷等静压成型，放入高真空烧结炉内1030～1065℃烧结2小时，快冷风冷后，抽真空在1100～1140℃二次烧结2小时，经815～855℃回火处理3 h取出得到成品。
本发明由不同粒径的磁粉，添加多种活性纳米粉末，混合均匀通过特殊烧结工艺烧结而成，通过该工艺形成晶粒细小、晶界相均匀分布与晶粒取向完整的钕铁硼磁体，该钕铁硼磁体具有更高的矫顽力，而且有效保证了其高的磁能积，获得高矫顽力与高磁能积的均衡。 用NIM-10000型磁性能测试仪测量样品的磁性能，结果如下见表1。
具体实施方式
下面给出的实施例拟对本发明作进一步说明，但不能理解为是对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域技术人员根据本发明内容对本发明的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：（1）按照质量百分比Nd 23.6%、B 1.11%、Cu 0.19%、Co 0.32%、Ga 0.13%、Nb 0.39%、Pr 3.1%、Tb 0.25%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.15～0.25mm 之间的薄片；
（2）将步骤（1）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在560℃脱氢6小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为1～2μm 的磁粉；
（3）按照质量百分比Nd 14.2%、B 0.96%、Cu 0.13%、Co 0.22%、Nb 0.30%、Pr 2.6%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.25～0.35mm 之间的薄片；
（4）将步骤（4）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在585℃脱氢4小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为2.5～3.5μm 的磁粉；
（5）取步骤（2）的磁粉85千克、步骤（4）中的磁粉15千克、纳米钯黑0.4千克、纳米钛粉0.9千克、纳米氮化钛粉1.8千克加入到混合机中混合均匀，使纳米粉末均匀吸附于钕铁硼磁粉主相周围，得混合粉料；
（6）将步骤（5）中的混合粉料在磁场压机中取向，冷等静压成型，放入高真空烧结炉内1050℃烧结2小时，快冷风冷后，抽真空在1120℃二次烧结2小时，经845℃回火处理3 h取出得到成品。
实施例2：（1）按照质量百分比Nd 23.8%、B 1.11%、Cu 0.19%、Co 0.31%、Ga 0.13%、Nb 0.39%、Pr 3.1%、Tb 0.25%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.15～0.25mm 之间的薄片；
（2）将步骤（1）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在550℃脱氢6小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为1～2μm 的磁粉；
（3）按照质量百分比Nd 14.1%、B 0.96%、Cu 0.12%、Co 0.23%、Nb 0.29%、Pr 2.6%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.25～0.35mm 之间的薄片；
（4）将步骤（4）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在580℃脱氢4小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为2.5～3.5μm 的磁粉；
（5）取步骤（2）的磁粉85千克、步骤（4）中的磁粉15千克、纳米钯黑0.4千克、纳米钛粉0.9千克、纳米氮化钛粉1.8千克加入到混合机中混合均匀，得混合粉料；
（6）将步骤（5）中的混合粉料在磁场压机中取向，冷等静压成型，放入高真空烧结炉内1030℃烧结2小时，快冷风冷后，抽真空在1100℃二次烧结2小时，经815℃回火处理3 h取出得到成品。
实施例3：（1）按照质量百分比Nd 23.8%、B 1.05%、Cu 0.19%、Co 0.32%、Ga 0.13%、Nb 0.37%、Pr 3.1%、Tb 0.22%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.15～0.25mm 之间的薄片；
（2）将步骤（1）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在570℃脱氢6小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为1～2μm 的磁粉；
（3）按照质量百分比Nd 14.0%、B 0.99%、Cu 0.13%、Co 0.22%、Nb 0.28%、Pr 2.7%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.25～0.35mm 之间的薄片；
（4）将步骤（4）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在590℃脱氢4小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为2.5～3.5μm 的磁粉；
（5）取步骤（2）的磁粉85千克、步骤（4）中的磁粉15千克、纳米钯黑0.4千克、纳米钛粉0.9千克、纳米氮化钛粉1.8千克加入到混合机中混合均匀，得混合粉料；
（6）将步骤（5）中的混合粉料在磁场压机中取向，冷等静压成型，放入高真空烧结炉内1065℃烧结2小时，快冷风冷后，抽真空在1140℃二次烧结2小时，经855℃回火处理3 h取出得到成品。
Claims (3)
1.一种高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料；其特征在于由以下组分及质量百分比的合金粉末：
Nd 16～24%、B 0.95～1.12%、Cu 0.12～0.19%、Co 0.21～0.32%、Ga 0.05～0.13%、Nb 0.28～0.40%、 Pr 2.1～3.1%、Tb 0.12～0.25%、余量为 Fe；添加纳米钯黑、纳米钛粉、纳米氮化钛粉烧结而成而成。
2.根据权利求1所述的高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料；其特征在于在所述纳米钯黑平均粒径为10nm、纳米钛粉平均粒径为40nm、纳米氮化钛粉平均粒径为60nm。
3.一种制备权利要求1或2所述高矫顽力钕铁硼永磁材料的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）按照质量百分比Nd 23.6%、B 1.11%、Cu 0.19%、Co 0.32%、Ga 0.13%、Nb 0.39%、Pr 3.1%、Tb 0.25%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.15～0.25mm 之间的薄片；
（2）将步骤（1）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在550～570℃脱氢6小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为1～2μm 的磁粉；
（3）按照质量百分比Nd 14.2%、B 0.96%、Cu 0.13%、Co 0.22%、Nb 0.30%、Pr 2.6%、余量为 Fe配比原料，将该原料放入真空速凝甩带炉中，熔炼成厚度在0.25～0.35mm 之间的薄片；
（4）将步骤（4）中的薄片，加入氢破炉，并在580～590℃脱氢4小时制成氢爆粉；然后经过气流磨后制成平均粒度均为2.5～3.5μm 的磁粉；
（5）将步骤（2）和步骤（4）中的磁粉、纳米钯黑、纳米钛粉、纳米氮化钛粉按质量比为850:150:4:9:18加入到混合机中混合均匀，得混合粉料；
（6）将步骤（5）中的混合粉料在磁场压机中取向，冷等静压成型，放入高真空烧结炉内1030～1065℃烧结2小时，快冷风冷后，抽真空在1100～1140℃二次烧结2小时，经815～855℃回火处理3 h取出得到成品。
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| CN109627916A (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 |
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| CN108831645A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-16 | 湖南京湘磁业有限公司 | 一种低磁能积高矫顽力纳米结构钕铁硼粉末及其制备方法 |
| CN113096911B (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-11-29 | 赣州嘉通新材料有限公司 | 一种高性能多层式烧结钕铁硼永磁体及其制备方法 |
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