CN104459818A - Oil-gas migration simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Oil-gas migration simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104459818A CN104459818A CN201310436136.2A CN201310436136A CN104459818A CN 104459818 A CN104459818 A CN 104459818A CN 201310436136 A CN201310436136 A CN 201310436136A CN 104459818 A CN104459818 A CN 104459818A
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil-gas migration simulation experiment device and method and belongs to the field of physical geography. The device comprises a fluid input part, a model part and an ultrasonic detection part. The fluid input part is used for selecting the type of input fluid and controlling the flow of the input fluid. The model part comprises a single layer or multiple layers of seepage materials, and if the multiple layers of seepage materials are adopted, the seepage materials are arranged from bottom to top sequentially. An injection hole is formed in the lower portion of the model part and an outlet of the fluid input part is communicated with the injection hole through a pipeline. The ultrasonic detection part comprises ultrasonic transmitting probes and a face scanning vibration meter. The ultrasonic transmitting probes are laid on the two sides of the upper surface of the model part and used for simulating a field focus. Measuring points are arranged at the portion, between the ultrasonic transmitting probes on the two sides, of the upper surface of the model part. A scanning laser head of the face scanning vibration meter is lifted at the upper end of the center of the model part and used for measuring vibration of each measuring point.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geophysics field, be specifically related to a kind of oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation and method.
Background technology
Petroleum prospecting develops into today, and large-scale oil gas field finds substantially.Therefore, improve maturing field recovery ratio and seemed more and more important.The unique effective way improving existing hydrocarbon-bearing pool recovery ratio understands fully nonuniformity and the rock interior fluid mobility status of rock interior structure further.In order to accomplish this point, normal employing seismic surveying method.So-called seismic surveying refers to using explosive as focus (i.e. so-called artificial earthquake), utilizes seismic reflection sonic detection strata condition.When containing fluid in rock stratum with during containing fluid or containing different fluid, the velocity of wave of reflection wave and amplitude can change.Utilize this change, migration and the diffusion of underground fluid can be monitored.Time lapse seismic (Time-lapse seismic) utilizes repeatedly seismic surveying to monitor oil reservoir dynamic change in time.It can not only be monitored the change on oil gas border and inject fluid (as water, steam, CO
2gentle etc.) movement, and can detect and find region of bypassed oil, carrying out Remaining Oil And Gas prediction, and then instruct the reasonable Arrangement of oil-field development well location, improving ultimate recovery factor.
In order to clearer understanding oil gas is in the transport conditions of oil storage (gas) rock stratum, and its rule is studied, need to simulate in indoor.Current oil-gas migration lab simulation method has two kinds, numerical simulation and physical simulation.
So-called method for numerical simulation is exactly solve by the method for numerical value the mathematical model describing flow of oil seepage flow characteristics.Its advantage to repeat, and simulation required time is short, and cost is low, can simulate multiple situation.Its shortcoming is that model has certain assumed condition, has difference with truth, and simulation needs quiet, the dynamic parameter that depend on oil reservoir.
Physical simulation is the method for room physical simulation experiment actual physical process by experiment.The model that reduces of actual landform physics is placed in experiment body, utilizes ultrasound examination to simulate sonic detection.On the basis meeting basic simlarity condition, the principal character of Reality simulation process, as oil-gas migration and Diffusion Law.Physical simulation can keep the physical features of prototype, is used for study mechanism, and the unclear problem of corresponding seepage flow mechanism is very important.Physical simulation provides necessary parameter for numerical simulation, and proposes new mathematical model, and therefore physical simulation is the basis of numerical simulation.
Actual oil-gas migration is subject to the impact of many factors.Comprising factor of porosity, the permeability of the oil bearing reservoir rock at migration place, saturation degree, the pressure of fluid, the pressure etc. of temperature and rock mass periphery.
But there are certain shortcomings and limitations in existing oil-gas migration analogy method
1. method for numerical simulation.
Shortcoming is that simulation needs certain assumed condition, needs quiet, the dynamic parameter that depend on oil reservoir.And assumed condition has difference with these parameters and truth.
2. physical simulating method
Problem below existing physical simulating method and device exist when simulating oil-gas migration
(1) automatically can not select input fluid, automatically can not control injection rate;
(2) can not carry out high density detection, what bring is that check point is close not with consequence, and such imaging definition is poor;
(3) repeatability is good not.Detection speed is slow, affects accuracy of detection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, a kind of oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation and method be provided, the actual oil-gas migration process of real simulation, and can carry out continuously this process, precision, fast monitored.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation, comprises fluid importation, model part and ultrasound examination part;
Described fluid importation is for the flow of the kind and control inputs fluid of selecting input fluid;
Described model part comprises single or multiple lift penetration material, if be Multi-layered osmotic material, then each layer penetration material is arranged in order from bottom to up;
Be provided with filling orifice in the bottom of model part, the outlet of described fluid importation is communicated with this filling orifice by pipeline;
Described ultrasound examination part comprises ultrasound wave transmitting probe and Surface scan vialog;
Described ultrasound wave transmitting probe is laid on the both sides of the upper surface of model part, for simulating field focus; The upper surface of the model part between the ultrasound wave transmitting probe of both sides is provided with check point;
The scanning laser head of described Surface scan vialog is lifted on the upper end at the center of model part, for measuring the vibration of each check point.
Described ultrasound wave transmitting probe is the both sides of the upper surface being evenly distributed on model part.
Described check point be evenly distributed on both sides ultrasound wave transmitting probe between model part upper surface on.
Be equipped with encapsulant in the bottom of described model part and each side, be used for shutting bottom with each side in case fluid leaks.
Described encapsulant adopts epoxy resin or polyurethane.
Liquid outlet is provided with at the avris of described model part.
A kind of oil-gas migration analogue experiment method, comprising:
Determine kind and the flow of input fluid, then by the first fluid injection model part, until reach capacity;
Start each ultrasound wave transmitting probe successively, to the internal emission ultrasonic pulse signal of model part, utilize scanning laser head to detect the vibration of all check points, obtain the vibration information of all check points corresponding to each ultrasound wave transmitting probe, as the master record of this ultrasound wave transmitting probe;
Inject the second fluid (can slowly inject, repetitive measurement, thus obtain the spread data of different time), then each ultrasound wave transmitting probe is started successively, to the internal emission ultrasonic pulse signal of model part, scanning laser head is utilized to detect the vibration of all check points, obtain the vibration information of each check point corresponding to each ultrasound wave transmitting probe, as the new record of this ultrasound wave transmitting probe.
In each moment, only have at most a ultrasound wave transmitting probe at transmitting ultrasound wave, when after the measurement completing all check points, close this ultrasound wave transmitting probe, then start next ultrasound wave transmitting probe.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) complete procedure of field seismic method test fluid migration can be simulated with this invention;
(2) this invention adopts high-density acquisition method, can collect enough high accuracy datas, can obtain the image of fluid migration clearly.
(3) adopt this invention to carry out Quick Measurement, monitoring real-time is better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of oil-gas migration analogue experiment method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
The present invention devises a set of oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation and method.By fluid input control, fluid test model and ultrasound examination simulation field time-lapse seismic method of exploration, can be used for oil gas and the research of other fluid migrations.
The experimental provision that oil-gas migration analogy method uses is automatically injected device and ultrasound wave fast light detecting portion composition primarily of fluid, can carry out oil-gas migration simulation and ultrasound examination.Its summary of the invention comprises these points:
(1) hardware structure of oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation
Oil-gas migration analogy method use experimental provision as shown in Figure 1:
Experimental provision is primarily of fluid importation, model part and ultrasound examination part composition.The each several part of device is existing substantially, as the high-voltage pulse generator in Fig. 2 adopts 5077pr or 5058pr of Olympus company, ultrasound wave transmitting probe adopts the panametrics-ndt of Panametrics Inc., multi-frequency laser vibration measurer adopts the PSV-400 whole audience scanning type laser non-contacting vibration measuring system of German POLYTEC, constant speed and constant pressure pump adopts Jiangsu Ke Di petroleum machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd, flow 0.01-30 ml/min.These parts be together form the device that can realize oil-gas migration simulated experiment by the present invention.
Wherein, the selection of fluid importation control inputs fluid and flow, flow control can adopt Isobarically Control and current constant control two kinds of modes.Isobarically Control refers to that, in fluid input process, the injection pressure of fluid remains unchanged; Current constant control refers to that the flow injecting fluid is constant.The dust trajectory of fluid can change with injection rate, and the top of the direct arrival mode of its possibility, also directly may arrive the rising pipe of avris.
Model part is experimental subjects, and model part can be single or multiple lift, and what Fig. 1 provided is the embodiment had three layers, and the number of plies can change according to demand.Penetration material can be natural material as sandstone, shale etc., also can be that the material of manual manufacture is as the material formed with the bonding compacting of little sand (sand) grain).From model bottom input fluid, bottom and side epoxy resin or the polyurethane etc. of model are shut with anti-leak.But the avris of model can be equipped with liquid outlet (as water swivel), so that when needed by fluid expulsion, also can not fill liquid outlet, directly ooze out from upper surface.The fluid injected can be water, oil and gas etc.
Ultrasound examination part is launched primarily of ultrasound wave and Surface scan vialog composition.Ultrasound wave transmitting probe is laid in the upper surface both sides of model, and they are for simulating field focus.Its major function is to model internal emission ultrasound wave, each moment, only has at most a ultrasound wave transmitting probe to launch ultrasound wave (when specifically implementing, being start each transmitting probe successively).The upper end lifting one scan laser head of model center, it can be measured the vibration of the model surface between the ultrasound wave transmitting probe of both sides (this vibration directly to be propagated at model surface by the ultrasound wave launched to cause with model internal reflection etc.).Its one-shot measurement detects at most counts and can reach 512 × 512.Laser vibration measurer is adopted to carry out vibration detection.The scanning laser head of Surface scan vialog is placed on above tested model, belongs to non-cpntact measurement.Namely detect the check point that model is preset from afar, the position (coordinate) of these points defines before all measuring certainly, and laser vibration measurer, with camera, has the function accurately determining measurement range and check point coordinate.In fact, laser head selects check point by the angle adjusting inner reflective mirror, and the check point therefore on model does not need to install other device.As long as the distribution of shot point and check point meets accurate positioning, is evenly distributed and covers evenly, existing seismic data process program just can be adopted after acquisition to process, and finally obtain the image of corresponding fluid migration.
During concrete enforcement, after certain ultrasound wave transmitting probe is opened, it will be launched repeatedly.Reason is the vibration that laser also can only detect and record at every turn a check point, then by controlling the reflective mirror angular movement of laser head inside to next check point, ultrasound wave transmitting probe launches ultrasonic pulse signal again, and laser again detects and records the vibration of this check point.By that analogy, until whole point has detected this transmitting probe of closedown.Depend mainly on that detection is counted, length of record detection time.Because the laser detection time is faster, the repeatability of the ultrasonic pulse signal that transmitting probe sends is fabulous, and be therefore equivalent to a transmitting from macroscopically saying, multiple point receives simultaneously.
Such as oily expelling water experiment.Before kerosene (or gas) injects, first slowly by water injection model until saturated, then the detection of ultrasound wave 3 dimension is carried out to water saturation model and (namely launch ultrasound wave, then the vibration of check point is detected), obtain master record (namely often to start a transmitting probe and just obtain one group of master record, after whole transmitting probe all starts one time, obtain organizing master record) more, carry out ultrasound wave 3 after injecting kerosene (or gas) again and tie up detection, obtain new record.Due to the invariant position of transmitting and receiving point, two record corresponding point obtain oily dust trajectory figure after subtracting each other.Specifically, a corresponding reflection spot, has a master record and a new record, the master record of each reflection spot and new record is subtracted each other successively, obtain oily dust trajectory figure.
In simple terms, if the signal amplitude A received is the function of position x and time t
I.e. A=f (x, t),
There is A
0=f (x, t
0), A
1=f (x, t
1), A
2=f (x, t
2)
Then A
1-A
0reflect t
0to t
1every angle value change, A
2-A
1reflect t
0to t
1range value changes, and also reflects oil-gas migration situation simultaneously.
Actual data handling procedure is more complex, carry out various process.As time adjustment, equilibrium, coupling etc., generally process with mainframe computer.Emphasis of the present invention is in simulation oil-gas migration, as the process of concrete data, not within the scope of the invention.
(2) multiple fluid selects injection mode, can simulate multiple fluid displacement test
Displacement test is the experiment that a kind of fluid drives away the another kind of one other fluid existed in a model, and the present invention can carry out the multiple displacement tests such as oily expelling water, gas drive water, water displacing oil, the experiment of water drive gas.
1. bilateral laying emission sensor mode can detect the maximum region of test model, all regions of model below check point can be detected in other words;
2. (shot point of the simulation ground observation) fixed installation of ultrasound wave transmitting probe and laser scanning collection (analog acquisition point) acquisition mode is adopted.
Due to laser probe be fixed on above model, ultrasound wave transmitting probe is fixed and is pasted onto model surface, saves the Mechanical Moving time, can carry out fast like this, real-time ultrasound ripple gathers and reproducible.As long as the simultaneously distribution of shot point and check point meet accurate positioning (point namely detected and the point coordinate inregister of setting, accurate with regard to follow-up process, imaging can be ensured like this.The positioning precision of laser can reach micron order, and general contact vibration transducer is not accomplished), be evenly distributed and cover evenly, just (collection point vibration signal data can be obtained) after acquisition and adopt existing seismic data process program and imaging software (the OMEGA software of Western company of the U.S., the CGG software etc. of CGG company of France, these softwares all comprise process, explain and imaging function.) process, and the image of permeable areas in the reflection model finally obtaining the corresponding moment.
As shown in Figure 2, principle of the present invention is as follows:
High-voltage pulse generator sends ultrasonic signal by some probes in output selector switch gating ultrasound wave transmitting probe group, the fluids such as water, oil, gas are selected by input fluid and fluid control device (i.e. fluid importation) is input in tested earthquake fluid model (i.e. model part), transmitting probe group launches ultrasound wave to tested earthquake fluid model, the vibration signal of scanning laser vibration measurer laser head detection model, is then processed for signal by the storage of controller, code translator and data, figure display etc.What vibration signals collecting, vibration signal processing, explanation and final imaging all adopted is that business software has come.
What Surface scan vialog of the present invention adopted is PSV-400 whole audience scanning type laser non-contacting vibration measuring system, it is mainly used under outfield and indoor contactless state, measurement mechanical equipment, accurate device, compound substance, piezoelectric, the entirety of large scale structure etc. and other each parts are under vibrating conditions, the vibrational state at each position, amplitude size and frequency response, , each order frequency vibration shape, transmit and contain number etc., and the position of resonance point can be analyzed, and by measurement result with chart, the form of figure shows. and this equipment can help scientific research personnel within the short time of a few minutes, if obtain the vibration characteristics of the thousands of point of target and each first order mode. paste approach sensor by tradition, need how manually to do a couple of days, therefore can increase work efficiency greatly, it is a tremendous improvement of mode measurement aspect.
The present invention be one in room conditions, by injecting fluid simulation oil and gas secondary migration to artificial model or natural reservoirs rock, and ultrasonic wave fast detecting method is used to detect this migration process to simulate the experimental technique of field seismic survey method monitoring oil reservoir dynamic change in time.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and the method be not limited only to described by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (8)
1. an oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation, is characterized in that: described device comprises fluid importation, model part and ultrasound examination part;
Described fluid importation is for the flow of the kind and control inputs fluid of selecting input fluid;
Described model part comprises single or multiple lift penetration material, if be Multi-layered osmotic material, then each layer penetration material is arranged in order from bottom to up;
Be provided with filling orifice in the bottom of model part, the outlet of described fluid importation is communicated with this filling orifice by pipeline;
Described ultrasound examination part comprises ultrasound wave transmitting probe and Surface scan vialog;
Described ultrasound wave transmitting probe is laid on the both sides of the upper surface of model part, for simulating field focus; The upper surface of the model part between the ultrasound wave transmitting probe of both sides is provided with check point;
The scanning laser head of described Surface scan vialog is lifted on the upper end at the center of model part, for measuring the vibration of each check point.
2. oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ultrasound wave transmitting probe is the both sides of the upper surface being evenly distributed on model part.
3. oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described check point be evenly distributed on both sides ultrasound wave transmitting probe between model part upper surface on.
4., according to the arbitrary described oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: be equipped with encapsulant in the bottom of described model part and each side.
5. oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described encapsulant adopts epoxy resin or polyurethane.
6. oil-gas migration analogue experiment installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that: be provided with liquid outlet at the avris of described model part.
7. an oil-gas migration analogue experiment method, is characterized in that: described method comprises:
Determine kind and the flow of input fluid, then by the first fluid injection model part, until reach capacity;
Start each ultrasound wave transmitting probe successively, to the internal emission ultrasonic pulse signal of model part, utilize scanning laser head to detect the vibration of all check points, obtain the vibration information of all check points corresponding to each ultrasound wave transmitting probe, as the master record of this ultrasound wave transmitting probe;
Inject the second fluid, then each ultrasound wave transmitting probe is started successively, to the internal emission ultrasonic pulse signal of model part, scanning laser head is utilized to detect the vibration of all check points, obtain the vibration information of each check point corresponding to each ultrasound wave transmitting probe, as the new record of this ultrasound wave transmitting probe.
8. oil-gas migration analogue experiment method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: each moment, only has at most a ultrasound wave transmitting probe at transmitting ultrasound wave, when after the measurement completing all check points, close this ultrasound wave transmitting probe, then start next ultrasound wave transmitting probe.
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| CN105023496A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fault zone mudstone smearing sealed oil-gas migration experiment device and experiment method |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |