CN104459061A - Method for detecting fruit texture in apple crossbreeding - Google Patents
Method for detecting fruit texture in apple crossbreeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN104459061A CN104459061A CN201410610642.3A CN201410610642A CN104459061A CN 104459061 A CN104459061 A CN 104459061A CN 201410610642 A CN201410610642 A CN 201410610642A CN 104459061 A CN104459061 A CN 104459061A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting fruit texture in apple crossbreeding. The method comprises the following steps: selecting an apple sample; treating the apple sample; and performing sensory detection on the fruit texture types: instrument detection of fruit hardness and crispness, namely in specific application, preliminarily dividing the fruit texture into three types such as softness, crispness and hardness by virtue of sensory detection, further detecting fruits with the texture type of crispness by using a texture analyzer, and finally determining the texture characteristics of the fruits by combining the two detection results. Compared with the conventional detection method, the sensory detection method is convenient, and the texture types of the fruits can be easily distinguished by a person who does not have experience on apple judgment; and moreover, the crispness of the fruits with texture type of crispness is subjected to instrument detection on the basis of sensory detection, so that the subjectivity of sensory detection can be avoided as much as possible, and finally, the texture characteristics of the fruits are measured from two aspects such as the fruit texture types and the fruit crispness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit texture detection method, specifically detect the detection method of a kind of fruit texture in apple cross breeding combined based on organoleptic detection and instrument, belong to breeding detection field.
Background technology
Apple is one of most important fruit in the world, and have long cultivation history, the seed selection of Variety of Apple is significant for the development of Apple Industry.Crossbreeding is the main method of current Variety of Apple seed selection.In recent years, the development of producing along with fruit industry and the raising of the fruit level of consumption, while increase fruits output, breeder focuses on the raising of fruit quality day by day.The fruit quality proterties of apple is divided into Appearance Quality Traits and interior quality proterties.Appearance Quality Traits comprises fruit size, shape, color and luster etc.; Fruit interior quality is formed primarily of elements such as fruit texture, saccharic acid, vitamins.Fruit texture characteristic is one of important qualitative characteristics of apple as hardness, brittleness etc., is affect the main factor of consumer to its acceptability.The Variety of Apple cultivating the delicate succulence of meat is the target of breeder.
The hardness, fragility, chewiness etc. of Apple reflect the texture characteristic of fruit.The detection method of fruit texture mainly contains organoleptic detection and instrument detects.The sense organ detection method of fruit texture is referred to as subjective detection method, and the quantitative detecting method of instrument to fruit texture is called objective detection method.Sense organ detection method is subjective judgement method, is the sense organ of the person of being tested and appraised, and judge the quality of fruit quality, organoleptic detection has simple, convenient and rapid, does not need the advantage of Special complex instrument and reagent, in most cases the restriction in not examined place.But sense organ detects and is subject to the impact of tester's sense organ acuity and detection experience, with subjectivity, and unlike instrument detects, there is exact numerical values recited and represent.Expert is devoted to the detection method studying the fruit texture objective, simple, easy, standardization level is high always both at home and abroad at present, describe accurately and control fruit texture, to guarantee the objective and accurate property of testing result, provide scientific basis for cultivating high quality apple kind.But also do not find the detection method of fruit texture in the apple cross breeding of the comparison science of open report at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcomings and deficiencies existed for existing Apple quality detection method, reduce the error of organoleptic detection as much as possible, detect in conjunction with organoleptic detection and instrument, provide a kind of detection method of fruit texture in apple cross breeding, and the correlativity analyzed between fruit texture Instrumental results and organoleptic detection result, by the correlation analysis between fruit brittleness organoleptic detection result and Instrumental results, thus list the equation of brittleness organoleptic detection.
Embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
A. choose apple sample: choose the healthy and strong apple tree that cultivation condition is consistent, growing way is close, choose size evenly, the fruit timely collecting of anosis insect bite period at fruit maturation, every strain fruit tree gets the fruit of more than 6 or 6 at random;
B. the process of apple sample: fruit to be detected is longitudinally evenly cut dimidiation along carpopodium;
C. the organoleptic detection of fruit texture type: fruit texture type is divided into three kinds: continuous, crisp, hard, texture type " silk floss " refers to that flesh firmness is low, and chew grittiness sense, juice is less; Texture type " crisp " refers to that flesh firmness is moderate, and entrance fracture has brilliance, and fruit juice enriches; Texture type " firmly " refers to that flesh firmness is high, and chew and comparatively require great effort, juice content is general; Get wherein half apple and carry out organoleptic detection, organoleptic detection group is made up of 7 people or the odd number people that is greater than 7, sample is divided into the block number equal with number, determining that fruit texture belongs to wherein a kind of in three types by tasting, getting the maximum types results of approval number for the final texture type of this sample;
D. the instrument of the hardness of fruit and brittleness detects: use card punch make a call on other half fruit more than 4 or 4 cylinder, then position placed in the middle small cylinder sample is cut with cutter, Texture instrument is utilized to detect the texture characteristic of obtained sample with TPA detection method, Texture instrument is TA.XT Plus/50 texture analyser, detection method is that TPA detects, probe is P/50, and read wherein hardness number and brittleness value, get the hardness of mean value as this fruit and the end value of brittleness of more than 4 times or 4 times testing results.
The present invention's tool compared with existing detection method has the following advantages: first utilize organoleptic detection to carry out classification to fruit texture type, more more convenient than traditional organoleptic detection method, even if judge to apple the texture type that inexperienced people also can tell fruit easily; Then, on the basis of organoleptic detection, instrument detection is carried out to the brittleness that testing result is crisp type fruit, thus the subjectivity of organoleptic detection can be avoided as far as possible.The result that two kinds of detection methods obtain the most at last combines, and weighs the texture characteristic of fruit from fruit texture type and fruit brittleness two aspects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the testing result figure of embodiment of the present invention fruit Texture instrument TPA.
Accompanying drawing 2 is that embodiment of the present invention fruit matter structure brittleness and sense organ brittleness are marked correlation analysis figure.
Accompanying drawing 3 graph of a relation that to be embodiment of the present invention matter structure types be between continuous its brittleness organoleptic detection result of sample and brittleness matter structure testing result.
Accompanying drawing 4 graph of a relation that to be embodiment of the present invention matter structure types be between hard its brittleness organoleptic detection result of sample and brittleness matter structure testing result.
embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.Concrete detection method method comprises the following steps:
A. apple sample is chosen
Sample is selected to be the fruit of filial generation of Fuji, Qin Guan, cockscomb, Jin Guan, Pink Lady, state's light, crisp, bright and beautiful 8 apple varieties of Japan of honey and 66 Qin Guan, Fuji apple, choose the healthy and strong apple tree that cultivation condition is consistent, growing way is close, choose the fruit timely collecting of size even, anosis insect bite period at fruit maturation, every strain fruit tree gets 6 fruits at random;
B. the process of apple sample
Fruit to be detected is longitudinally evenly cut dimidiation along carpopodium;
C. the organoleptic detection of fruit texture type
Fruit texture type is divided into three kinds: continuous, crisp, hard, get wherein half apple and carry out organoleptic detection, organoleptic detection group is made up of 7 people, sample is divided into 7 pieces, determine that fruit texture belongs to wherein a kind of in three types by tasting, that type of getting approval number maximum is the final texture type result of this sample;
D. the instrument of the hardness of fruit and brittleness detects
Internal diameter card punch is used to make a call to the thick cylinder of 4 10mm on other half fruit, then span access location length 10mm small cylinder sample placed in the middle is cut with cutter, sample is placed under TA.XT Plus/50 Texture instrument P/50 pops one's head in and does TPA detection, TPA optimum configurations: precompressed speed 1.00mm/s, press down speed 0.5mm/s, speed uplink 1.00mm/s after pressure, two second compression intermediate hold 5s, sample compressive deformation 60%, trigger force value 0.1N, Texture instrument TPA pattern is defined as fruit fragility: all might not produce in compression process and break, if produce fracture phenomena in first time compression process, an obvious peak is there is in curve, this peak value is just defined as fragility, if there are two peaks in compression curve in the first time in TPA quality collection of illustrative plates, then first peak is defined as fragility, second is defined as hardness, if only have a peak value, be then defined as hardness, without fragility value, obtain by texture characteristic curve the parameter characterizing pulp brittleness, the mean value getting 4 testing results is the final brittleness result of this fruit.
According to step c testing result, all samples are divided into silk floss, crisp, hard three groups, then give a mark to sample pulp brittleness, fruit organoleptic detection brittleness value and instrument detect the correlativity between brittleness value.Marking value is 1-9, brittleness grade scale is as follows: 9=is fabulous, 8=is good, 7=is good, 6=time good, 5=is general, 4=is general slightly poor, 3=is poor, 2=is very poor, 1=extreme difference, average as net result, concrete scoring criterion is with reference to following kind: Japan's brocade brittleness appraisal result is 1.33, cockscomb brittleness appraisal result is 2, Qin Guan brittleness appraisal result is 3.33, Pink Lady brittleness appraisal result is 5.33, gold hat brittleness appraisal result is 6.67, honey brittleness appraisal result is 8, state's light brittleness appraisal result is 8.33, Fuji's brittleness appraisal result is 8.5.In organoleptic detection, texture separate is continuous fruit, part is had brittleness value not detected in its matter structure testing result, in the fruit that organoleptic detection is hard, matter structure detect hardness and brittleness all higher, show that texture type is in tender hard sample, fruit organoleptic detection brittleness value and matter structure detect brittleness value without obvious correlativity, its matter structure brittleness value of fruit illustrating for this two type directly can not be used for representing the true brittleness of fruit, and be hard fruit for organoleptic detection, its matter structure detects between hardness and brittleness has extremely significant correlativity, illustrate that brittleness matter structure testing result more illustrates hardness instead of the brittleness of fruit, and in the sample that texture type is crisp, fruit organoleptic detection brittleness value and matter structure detect brittleness value and have pole significant correlation, therefore instrument is detected and be combined together with organoleptic detection, set up a method evaluating the brittleness of fruit comparatively feasible.The scatter diagram of brittleness and organoleptic detection brittleness value is detected as can be seen from Fig. 3 fruit matter structure, along with fruit matter structure detects the increase of brittleness value, fruit organoleptic detection brittleness value cloth does not linearly increase, but distribute without evident regularity, the fruit of three kinds of texture types does the scatter diagram between matter structure brittleness value and brittleness organoleptic detection relation respectively, be continuous at texture type, in hard fruit, non-correlation between its matter structure brittleness value and sense organ brittleness value, therebetween relation scatter diagram presents irregular distribution, in the fruit that texture type is crisp, relation scatter diagram between its matter structure brittleness value and sense organ brittleness value presents the feature of linear distribution, can be used for building linear regression model (LRM) further.It is that crisp group sample by quality organoleptic detection result, the correlativity between numerical value is detected based on brittleness organoleptic detection numerical value and brittleness instrument, set up brittleness linear regression model (LRM), be crisp fruit for texture type in first organoleptic detection, its brittleness matter structure detects and brittleness Analyses Methods for Sensory Evaluation Results has significant correlativity, and along with brittleness texture testing value raises, organoleptic detection value also linearly increases, therebetween linear equation is: y=0.2425x-1.9244, R
2=0.7646.As shown in Table 2 for the fruit that texture type is crisp, the related coefficient of sensory evaluation score value and matter structure brittleness value also very high (0.869), also show that the actual brittleness that the matter structure brittleness testing result of the fruit of this texture type is directly used for representing fruit is reliable further, therefore first fruit texture can be tentatively divided into silk floss, crisp, soft three types by sensory evaluation in actual applications, and then be that crisp fruit uses Texture instrument further to detect to texture type, the result that two kinds of detection methods obtain the most at last combines to detect the texture characteristic of fruit.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, embodiments of the invention are by detecting in conjunction with organoleptic detection and instrument the method that two kinds are detected fruit texture, establish comparatively convenient, the reliable fruit texture detection method of one, thus the method can be utilized to carry out detection screening to the fruit texture of filial generation in crossbreeding.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle that do not come off; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Table 1 is the hardness of fruit, brittleness Instrument measuring and sensory evaluation classification, brittleness appraisal result
Table 2 is its brittleness Analyses Methods for Sensory Evaluation Results of fruit differing texture type of sample and brittleness texture testing result related coefficient
* is at the upper significant correlation of 0.01 level (bilateral).
* at the upper significant correlation of 0.05 level (bilateral).
Claims (2)
1. the detection method of fruit texture in apple cross breeding, is characterized in that embodiment comprises the following steps:
A. choose apple sample: choose the healthy and strong apple tree that cultivation condition is consistent, growing way is close, choose size evenly, the fruit timely collecting of anosis insect bite period at fruit maturation, every strain fruit tree gets the fruit of more than 6 or 6 at random;
B. the process of apple sample: fruit to be detected is longitudinally evenly cut dimidiation along carpopodium;
C. the organoleptic detection of fruit texture type: fruit texture type is divided into three kinds: continuous, crisp, hard, texture type " silk floss " refers to that flesh firmness is low, and chew grittiness sense, juice is less; Texture type " crisp " refers to that flesh firmness is moderate, and entrance fracture has brilliance, and fruit juice enriches; Texture type " firmly " refers to that flesh firmness is high, and chew and comparatively require great effort, juice content is general; Get wherein half apple and carry out organoleptic detection, organoleptic detection group is made up of 7 people or the odd number people that is greater than 7, sample is divided into the block number equal with number, determining that fruit texture belongs to wherein a kind of in three types by tasting, getting the maximum types results of approval number for the final texture type of this sample;
D. the instrument of the hardness of fruit and brittleness detects: use card punch make a call on other half fruit more than 4 or 4 cylinder, then position placed in the middle small cylinder sample is cut with cutter, Texture instrument is utilized to detect the texture characteristic of obtained sample with TPA detection method, Texture instrument is TA.XT Plus/50 texture analyser, detection method is that TPA detects, probe is P/50, and read wherein hardness number and brittleness value, get the hardness of mean value as this fruit and the end value of brittleness of more than 4 times or 4 times testing results.
2. the detection method of a kind of fruit texture in apple cross breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
A. sample is selected to be the fruit of filial generation of Fuji, Qin Guan, cockscomb, Jin Guan, Pink Lady, state's light, crisp, bright and beautiful 8 apple varieties of Japan of honey and 66 Qin Guan, Fuji apple, choose the healthy and strong apple tree that cultivation condition is consistent, growing way is close, every strain fruit tree gets 6 fruits at random;
C. organoleptic detection group is made up of 7 people, sample is divided into 7 pieces, and determine that fruit texture belongs to wherein a kind of in three types by tasting, that type of getting approval number maximum is the final texture type result of this sample;
D. internal diameter card punch is used to make a call to the thick cylinder of 4 10mm on other half fruit, then span access location length 10mm small cylinder sample placed in the middle is cut with cutter, sample is placed under TA.XT Plus/50 Texture instrument P/50 pops one's head in and does TPA detection, TPA optimum configurations: precompressed speed 1.00mm/s, press down speed 0.5mm/s, speed uplink 1.00mm/s after pressure, two second compression intermediate hold 5s, sample compressive deformation 60%, trigger force value 0.1N, Texture instrument TPA pattern is defined as fruit fragility: all might not produce in compression process and break, if produce fracture phenomena in first time compression process, an obvious peak is there is in curve, this peak value is just defined as fragility, if there are two peaks in compression curve in the first time in TPA quality collection of illustrative plates, then first peak is defined as fragility, second is defined as hardness, if only have a peak value, be then defined as hardness, without fragility value, obtain by texture characteristic curve the parameter characterizing pulp brittleness, the mean value getting 4 testing results is the final brittleness result of this fruit.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106018716A (en) * | 2016-05-22 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳特亦佳玉米科技有限公司 | Method for identifying crisp and tender degree of fresh corn peel |
| CN115097085A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Apple fruit brittleness grading method |
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| CN1865997A (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2006-11-22 | 南京农业大学 | Non-destructive detection method for quality of apple when stored in refrigerator and shelf |
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| CN1865997A (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2006-11-22 | 南京农业大学 | Non-destructive detection method for quality of apple when stored in refrigerator and shelf |
| CN103776974A (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-05-07 | 兰海鹏 | Fruit maturity evaluation method based on fruit hardness |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 姜松等: "TPA质构分析及测试条件对苹果TPA质构分析的影响", 《食品科学》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106018716A (en) * | 2016-05-22 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳特亦佳玉米科技有限公司 | Method for identifying crisp and tender degree of fresh corn peel |
| CN115097085A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Apple fruit brittleness grading method |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |