CN104454362B - 一种往复式风力发电*** - Google Patents

一种往复式风力发电*** Download PDF

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CN104454362B
CN104454362B CN201410649971.9A CN201410649971A CN104454362B CN 104454362 B CN104454362 B CN 104454362B CN 201410649971 A CN201410649971 A CN 201410649971A CN 104454362 B CN104454362 B CN 104454362B
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blade
wind
shaft
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energy
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杨富春
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Shandong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/326—Rotor angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
    • F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种往复式风力发电***，包括集风器、桨叶***、传动***和发电机组件；其中，集风器采集各个方向的风能，传递给桨叶***，所述桨叶***的叶片进行往复运动，将风能转化为机械能，桨叶***通过传动***连接发电机组件；所述传动***将叶片的往复运动转换成直线运动后，可实现叶片往复运动到输出端的连续旋转运动及增速功能；所述发电机组件将机械能转换为电能，实现风能到电能的转换。本发明具有制造、安装、维护方便、不受风向影响、可微风发电及风能利用率高等优点。

Description

一种往复式风力发电***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种往复式风力发电***。
背景技术
随着能源短缺和生态环境的日益恶化，世界各国普遍意识到了新能源发电技术的重要性，在风能、核能、太阳能等领域展开了大量研究开发工作。风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源，得到了各国政府的大力鼓励，发展迅速，近10年来，全球风力发电装机容量以近30％的年增长率飞速发展，我国风电装机容量增长最快，已成为全球风电装机容量最大的国家。
目前，水平轴式风力机是风能利用的主要结构形式，但整个风机要发电***要安装于高于地面的塔架上，造成制造、安装和维护的高成本和高难度，在风机运行过程中，整个风机发电***还要根据风向进行偏航对风，增加了***的复杂性，降低了风能利用率。近年来，垂直轴风力机也获得了一定的发展和应用，虽然垂直轴风力发电机的传动***可以安装于地面，但其桨叶依然需要安装于塔架上，增加了***的维护难度，并且垂直轴桨叶的攻角一定，限制了其低风速下的应用。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题，提出了一种往复式风力发电***，本***通过双锥齿轮加单向离合器设计，实现了叶片往复运动到发电机所需的连续旋转运动之间的转换，可实现风力发电***的微风发电。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种往复式风力发电***，包括集风器、桨叶***、传动***和发电机组件；
其中，集风器采集各个方向的风能，传递给桨叶***，
所述桨叶***的叶片进行往复运动，将风能转化为机械能，
桨叶***通过传动***连接发电机组件，
所述传动***实现叶片往复运动到输出端的连续旋转运动及增速后，
所述发电机组件将机械能转换为电能，实现风能到电能的转换。
所述桨叶***包括上叶片、下叶片、叶片轴齿轮、变桨电机、变桨减速器、左侧行程开关和右侧行程开关；上叶片和下叶片通过叶片轴连接在一起，叶片轴安装在叶片轴承上，叶片轴齿轮安装在叶片轴上，叶片轴承与变桨电机连接，变桨电机通过变桨减速器将动力传递到叶片轴齿轮上，实现叶片的变桨，左侧行程开关和右侧行程开关控制变桨的方向。
所述传动***包括套筒、齿条、直齿轮、齿轮轴、上锥齿轮、下轴齿轮、上单向离合器、下单向离合器、输出锥齿轮和齿轮轴支撑；齿条安装在套筒内，套筒通过套筒支撑连接在地面上，齿条带动直齿轮旋转，直齿轮带动齿轮轴旋转，齿轮轴通过齿轮轴支撑连接在地面上，齿轮轴根据转向不同，通过上单向离合器与上锥齿轮连接或通过下单向离合器与下锥齿轮连接，上锥齿轮或下锥齿轮带动输出锥齿轮旋转。
所述发电机组件包括联轴器和发电机，发电机通过连接轴、联轴器与输出锥齿轮连接，实现风能到电能的转化。
进一步地，所述发电机组件包括多级发电机和联轴器，每个发电机分别通过连接轴、联轴器与输出锥齿轮连接，且连接轴的尺寸可调。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)叶片和传动***均布置在地面，降低了整个***成本和安装、维护难度；
(2)通过双锥齿轮加单向离合器设计，实现了叶片往复运动到发电机所需的连续旋转运动之间的转换；
(3)通过集风器收集风能，整个发电***不受风向的影响；
(4)通过变桨控制，改变叶片的攻角，可实现风力发电***的微风发电；
(5)通过多级发电***设计，大大提高了风能的利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构俯视图；
图2为本发明的结构侧视图；
图3为本发明有多级电力输出结构的示意图。
其中：1、发电机，2、联轴器，3、输出锥齿轮，4、下锥齿轮，5、下单向离合器，6、齿轮轴，7、直齿轮，8、齿轮轴支撑，9、齿条，10、上单向离合器，11、上锥齿轮，12、右侧行程开关，13、套筒支撑，14、套筒，15、左侧行程开关，16、下叶片，17、叶片轴，18、叶片轴承，19、变桨电机，20、变桨减速机，21、叶片轴齿轮，22、上叶片，23、集风器。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1、图2所示，集风器23将大气中的风能收集起来，如图中箭头线，收集的风能吹向上叶片22和下叶片16，上叶片22和下叶片16通过叶片轴17连接，叶片轴17与叶片轴承18连接，叶片轴承18与齿条9连接；齿条9上安装变桨电机19，变桨电机19通过变桨减速机20驱动叶片轴齿轮21转动，从而实现上叶片22和下叶片16的方向变化，进而改变齿条9的移动方向，实现齿条9的往复运动；齿条9安装在套筒14内，套筒14通过套筒支撑13固定在地面上，套筒14两侧分别装有左侧行程开关15和右侧行程开关12，用来控制变桨方向；齿条9与直齿轮7啮合，直齿轮7和齿轮轴6连接，齿轮轴6通过齿轮轴支撑8固定在地面上；上锥齿轮11通过上单向离合器10实现与齿轮轴6的单向旋转连接，下锥齿轮4通过下单向离合器5实现与齿轮轴6的单向旋转连接，上锥齿轮11和下锥齿轮4均与输出锥齿轮3相啮合，上单向离合器10和下单向离合器5控制转向相反，从而实现齿条9的往复运动变成输出锥齿轮3的连续旋转运动；输出锥齿轮3通过联轴器2与发电机1连接，实现最终发电。
如图3所示，增加发电机1至上叶片22之间的部分，如虚线内所示，可扩展为多级电力输出结构，并根据风速的变化调整每一级的尺寸，实现成本的最优化和风能的高效利用。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (3)

1.一种往复式风力发电***，其特征是：包括集风器、桨叶***、传动***和发电机组件；
其中，集风器采集各个方向的风能，传递给桨叶***，
所述桨叶***的叶片进行往复运动，将风能转化为机械能，
桨叶***通过传动***连接发电机组件，
所述传动***实现叶片往复运动到输出端的连续旋转运动及增速后，
所述发电机组件将机械能转换为电能，实现风能到电能的转换；
所述桨叶***的叶片和所述传动***均布置在地面；
所述桨叶***包括上叶片、下叶片、叶片轴齿轮、变桨电机、变桨减速器、左侧行程开关和右侧行程开关；上叶片和下叶片通过叶片轴连接在一起，叶片轴安装在叶片轴承上，叶片轴齿轮安装在叶片轴上，叶片轴承与变桨电机连接，变桨电机通过变桨减速器将动力传递到叶片轴齿轮上，实现叶片的变桨，左侧行程开关和右侧行程开关控制变桨的方向；
所述传动***包括套筒、齿条、直齿轮、齿轮轴、上锥齿轮、下锥齿轮、上单向离合器、下单向离合器、输出锥齿轮和齿轮轴支撑；齿条安装在套筒内，套筒通过套筒支撑连接在地面上，齿条带动直齿轮旋转，直齿轮带动齿轮轴旋转，齿轮轴通过齿轮轴支撑连接在地面上，齿轮轴根据转向不同，通过上单向离合器与上锥齿轮连接或通过下单向离合器与下锥齿轮连接，上锥齿轮或下锥齿轮带动输出锥齿轮旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种往复式风力发电***，其特征是：所述发电机组件包括联轴器和发电机，发电机通过连接轴、联轴器与输出锥齿轮连接，实现风能到电能的转化。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种往复式风力发电***，其特征是：所述发电机组件包括多级发电机和联轴器，每个发电机分别通过连接轴、联轴器与输出锥齿轮连接，且连接轴的尺寸可调。
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CN105240192B (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-07-11 孟玲琳 一种可逆拨轮发电装置
CN107084095B (zh) * 2017-06-22 2019-03-26 西北工业大学 一种海浪能风能自动补偿发电***
CN110307113B (zh) * 2019-06-25 2020-09-29 山东大学 一种摆动式波浪能发电***及航行器

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CN203532146U (zh) * 2013-11-13 2014-04-09 上海海洋大学 摆式波浪能发电装置
CN103742356A (zh) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-23 哈尔滨工程大学 联轴往复式风能潮流能转换装置
CN103925161B (zh) * 2014-04-29 2017-02-01 哈尔滨工程大学 轨道控制攻角的振动翼风能、潮流能转换装置

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