CN104435866A - 一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物 - Google Patents

一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物 Download PDF

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CN104435866A
CN104435866A CN201410843184.8A CN201410843184A CN104435866A CN 104435866 A CN104435866 A CN 104435866A CN 201410843184 A CN201410843184 A CN 201410843184A CN 104435866 A CN104435866 A CN 104435866A
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刘春蕾
王玉
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Abstract

本发明属于中医中药技术领域，特别涉及一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物。其中由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成，口服药物：当归5～15份、龟板5～10份、三七粉6～12份、生黄芪3～8份、桂枝3～8份；外用药物：云南白药6～12份、三七粉6～12份、扶芳藤3～8份、蒲公英3～8份、地榆5～10份、仙鹤草15～20份、龙骨3～8份、白芨5～10份、紫草3～8份、茜草3～8份、乌贼骨3～8份、白茅根3～8份。制备方法水煎剂配合外用止血粉，从根本上对出血情况进行救治，益气止血，降低大面积创伤后出血造成的死亡率。

Description

一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物
技术领域
本发明属于中医中药技术领域，特别涉及一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物。
背景技术
成人体内的血液有4000-4500ml，占到人体总体重的8％左右。一般来说，小伤口的出血可由血液自身的凝血功能以及外加的一些护理措施而得以抑制；但如果失血达到20％或以上时，就会血压下降，出现休克等严重症状；失血量更多达到40％以上就有生命危险。所以出血时，要及时处理，避免大量出血。
紧急救生止血剂(Life-Saving Rapid Hemostatic Agent，LSRHA)在国际上是一个新兴的领域，主要针对外伤中血流不止的情况而开发的。目前，关于LSRHA的研究在国外才刚刚起步，在国内用于中、重度出血的紧急救生止血产品极少。据***的统计，每年各类伤害发生约2亿人次，其中伤害人数约占死亡总人数的9％左右，位居死亡原因前列。大面积创伤后失血过多是导致创伤死亡的最大因素，约67％的人死于无法控制的失血。因此，若能在战争、交通事故、自然灾害以及日常生活紧急救护中对伤员的出血进行及时地控制，则可极大地降低死亡率，挽救更多的生命。
中国专利(CN102133421A)公开了一种快速止血创伤敷料及其制备方法与应用，包括沸石和吸水性树脂，但采用沸石进行外用吸水而止血，达到水分饱和后便会失效，具有一定的局限性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，通过中药的收敛止血、大补元气、急救回阳之效，使局部血管收缩，增加血小板数，缩短凝血活酶生成时间，防止气随血脱，从根本上对出血情况进行救治，益气止血，降低大面积创伤后出血造成的死亡率。
本发明提供一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其中口服药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归5～15份、龟板5～10份、三七粉6～12份、生黄芪3～8份、桂枝3～8份；外用药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药6～12份、三七粉6～12份、扶芳藤3～8份、蒲公英3～8份、地榆5～10份、仙鹤草15～20份、龙骨3～8份、白芨5～10份、紫草3～8份、茜草3～8份、乌贼骨3～8份、白茅根3～8份。
口服药物进一步优选为由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归10份、龟板8份、三七粉11份、生黄芪5份、桂枝5份。
外用药物进一步优选为由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药8份、三七粉9份、扶芳藤5份、蒲公英6份、地榆8份、仙鹤草17份、龙骨5份、白芨7份、紫草6份、茜草7份、乌贼骨5份、白茅根6份。
制备方法为：1、口服药物为水煎剂；2、外用药物按重量份数称取，洗净、捣碎，制成敷料即可。
药理分析：
当归：甘、辛、温；具有抗缺氧作用；调节机体免疫功能、具有抗癌作用；护肤美容作用；补血活血作用；抑菌、抗动脉硬化作用。
龟板：咸甘，平；入心、脾、肝三经。功效滋阴，潜阳，补肾，健骨；主治肾阴不足，骨蒸劳热，吐血，衄血，久咳，遗精，崩漏，带下，腰痛，骨痿，阴虚风动，久痢，久疟，痔疮。
三七粉：味甘、微苦，性温，归肺、胃、心、肝、大肠经。功能止血散瘀，消肿定痛，补血生血。主治胸痹心痛，血瘀经闭，症瘕，痛经，产后瘀血腹痛，吐血，衄血，咯血，崩漏，外伤出血，跌打肿痛、疮痈肿毒等。三七能通能补，可散可收。
生黄芪：味甘，性微温，归脾、肺经，入气分，可升可降。功效补气升阳，固表止汗，行水消肿，脱毒生肌。主治内伤劳倦，神疲乏力，脾虚泄泻，肺虚咳嗽，内脏下垂，脾不统血之出血，自汗，盗汗等。古籍《本草经》述：“补元阳，充腠理，治劳伤，长肌肉。”《本草汇言》曰：“补肺健脾，实卫敛汗，祛风运毒。”《衷中参西录·药物》述：“善利小便”，“善治肢体痿废。”现代药理研究报道，黄芪有明显的提高免疫功能、保护心肌、保护和改善造血***、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、利尿保肾、调节血糖、调节神经***、抗菌、抗病毒和促进消化功能等作用。
桂枝：性味辛、甘，温，入肺、心、膀胱经，是主治里寒常用的温里药，具有补元阳、通血脉、暖脾胃之功效，常与补肝肾药、补气血药配伍，治疗肾阳不足、命门火衰、肢冷脉微，与其它温里药配伍治疗脘腹冷痛、寒痹腰痛，具有明显的镇痛和抗癌防癌的作用。
云南白药：云南白药能显著缩短家兔和人的凝血时间，缩短家兔的凝血酶原时间，缩短大鼠出血时间，能对抗肝素及双香豆素的抗凝作用。其凝血作用机制是通过使血小板膜通透性增加，引起血小板成分，包括腺苷酸和钙的释放而产生的，与凝血酶诱发的血小板反应相似，其止血作用主要来自药物中的有效成分，与其PH及血管收缩无关。
扶芳藤：味苦，小温，无毒；功能舒筋活络，止血消瘀；主治腰肌劳损，风湿痹痛，咯血，血崩，***，跌打骨折，创伤出血。
蒲公英：味甘、微苦，性寒，归肝、胃、肾经。功能清热解毒，消肿散结，除湿利尿。主治一切热毒所致之痈疮肿毒，痄腮，瘰疬；热邪所致之咽痛，目赤，胃脘疼痛，泄泻痢疾，黄疸，尿频尿痛，噎嗝癌肿，虫蛇咬伤等。
地榆：苦酸，寒，无毒；归肝，肺，肾，大肠经。功效凉血止血，清热解毒，消肿敛疮；主治吐血，咯血，衄血，尿血，便血，痔血，血痢，崩漏，赤白带下，疮痈肿痛，湿疹，阴痒，水火烫伤，蛇虫咬伤，血痢不止，大便下血，小儿湿疮，小儿面疮。
仙鹤草：性平，味苦、涩；归胃、肝、脾、肺、大肠经。功能败毒抗癌、凉血止血、养伤退肿,收敛止血，截疟，止痢，解毒；用于咳血、吐血、治流鼻血有特效、疟疾、脱力劳伤、痈肿。
龙骨：性味甘涩，平；入心、肝、肾、大肠经。功能重镇安神，镇惊安神，敛汗固精，止血涩肠，生肌敛疮；主治惊痫癫狂，怔忡健忘，失眠多梦，自汗盗汗，遗精淋浊，吐衄便血，崩漏带下，泻痢脱肛，溃疡久不收口。
白芨：味苦、甘、涩，性寒，归肺、肝、胃经。有收敛止血，消肿生肌之功，用于内外出血诸证及痈肿、烫伤、手足皲裂、肛裂等。
紫草：味甘、咸，性寒，归心、肝经。功能凉血活血、解毒透疹。主治血热毒盛，斑疹紫黑，麻疹不透，疮疡，湿疹，水火烫伤，尿血，血淋，血痢，疮疡，丹毒，烧伤，热结便秘，恶虫咬伤等。现代药理研究显示紫草有镇痛、镇静、解热、护肝、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒等作用，并有一定的抗癌作用。
茜草：功效凉血活血，祛瘀，通经；用于吐血、衄血、崩漏下血、外伤出血、经闭瘀阻、关节痹痛、跌扑肿痛。凉血止血，活血祛瘀：本品止血而不留瘀，用于热证出血、经闭腹痛、跌打损伤。
乌贼骨：为乌鲗科动物无针乌鲗或金乌鲗的内壳，中医用做止血药。具有制酸止痛、止血、接骨、骨缺损修复、抗辐射、抗肿瘤、抗溃疡等作用。
白茅根：主治凉血止血，清热解毒。治热病烦渴，吐血，衄血，肺热喘急，胃热哕逆，淋病，小便不利，水肿，黄疸。
本发明的中药，通过中药的收敛止血、大补元气、急救回阳之效，内服与外用药物结合使用，使局部血管收缩，增加血小板数，缩短凝血活酶生成时间，防止气随血脱，从根本上对出血情况进行救治，益气止血，降低大面积创伤后出血造成的死亡率。
疗效判断：
显效：口服煎剂及敷药后15min内创伤面不再出血，病人生命体征趋于正常；
有效：口服煎剂及敷药后15min内创伤面无大量出血，病人生命体征逐渐趋于正常；
无效：诸症无改善。
治疗结果：给145名手术后患者使用，口服一剂煎剂后，根据出血量在创伤面撒上外用药物，显效130例，占89.6％，有效13例，占9.0％，无效2例，占1.4％。
附几例病例作进一步说明：
病例1：郑某某，男，35岁，因车祸造成身体大面积创伤，流血不止，遂实用本发明药物，口服煎剂的同时，在创伤面撒上外用药物，10min后创伤面不再大量流血，经后续抢救，生命体征恢复正常。
病例2：王某，女，59岁，因从山上摔下造成身体大面积创伤出血，生命危在旦夕，遂马上使用本发明药物，口服煎剂的同时，在创伤面撒上外用药物，13min后创伤面不再流血，经后续抢救，生命体征恢复正常。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其中口服药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归10份、龟板8份、三七粉11份、生黄芪5份、桂枝5份；外用药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药8份、三七粉9份、扶芳藤5份、蒲公英6份、地榆8份、仙鹤草17份、龙骨5份、白芨7份、紫草6份、茜草7份、乌贼骨5份、白茅根6份。
制备方法为：1、口服药物为水煎剂；2、外用药物按重量份数称取，洗净、晾干，混合共研成细末，辐照消毒后即可。
实施例2：
一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其中口服药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归5份、龟板10份、三七粉6份、生黄芪8份、桂枝3份；外用药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药12份、三七粉6份、扶芳藤8份、蒲公英3份、地榆10份、仙鹤草15份、龙骨8份、白芨5份、紫草8份、茜草3份、乌贼骨8份、白茅根3份。
制备方法为：1、口服药物为水煎剂；2、外用药物按重量份数称取，洗净、晾干，混合共研成细末，辐照消毒后即可。
实施例3：
一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其中口服药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归15份、龟板5份、三七粉12份、生黄芪3份、桂枝8份；外用药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药6份、三七粉12份、扶芳藤3份、蒲公英8份、地榆5份、仙鹤草20份、龙骨3份、白芨10份、紫草3份、茜草8份、乌贼骨3份、白茅根8份。
制备方法为：1、口服药物为水煎剂；2、外用药物按重量份数称取，洗净、晾干，混合共研成细末，辐照消毒后即可。
以上已将本发明做一详细说明，以上所述，仅为本发明之较佳实施例而已，当不能限定本发明实施范围，即凡依本申请范围所作均等变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明涵盖范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其特征在于其中口服药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归5～15份、龟板5～10份、三七粉6～12份、生黄芪3～8份、桂枝3～8份；外用药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药6～12份、三七粉6～12份、扶芳藤3～8份、蒲公英3～8份、地榆5～10份、仙鹤草15～20份、龙骨3～8份、白芨5～10份、紫草3～8份、茜草3～8份、乌贼骨3～8份、白茅根3～8份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其特征在于口服药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：当归10份、龟板8份、三七粉11份、生黄芪5份、桂枝5份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种用于大面积创伤后止血的中药组合物，其特征在于外用药物由以下重量份数的中药原料配制而成：云南白药8份、三七粉9份、扶芳藤5份、蒲公英6份、地榆8份、仙鹤草17份、龙骨5份、白芨7份、紫草6份、茜草7份、乌贼骨5份、白茅根6份。
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