CN104431660A - Vegetable pesticide residue reducing method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vegetable pesticide residue reducing method and an application thereof. At present, every country attaches great importance to environmental, green and safe vegetables and is very strict to pesticide residue control, especially for export vegetables. The concentration of pesticide residues in the vegetables unified-purchased from farmers is usually around 16 mg/kg, which does not meet the requirements of food safety of vegetables, and thus the vegetables cannot be exported. The new method uses a vacuum cooling machine to cool the vegetables, and can generally cool the vegetables to 3 DEG C-5 DEG C. By cooling the vegetables and at the same time exhausting the air during the cooling process, the pesticide residues of the fresh vegetables can be reduced to 8.6 mg/kg-9 mg/kg, and the pesticide residues of the dehydrated vegetables can be reduced to 5 mg/kg-6 mg/kg, which meets the export vegetable standard that the concentration of pesticide residues in the export vegetables must not exceed 9 mg/kg.

Description

A kind of method and application of lowering vegetable pesticide residue

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable pesticide residue.

Background technology:

In recent years, country and local government in succession work out and implement multiple standard relevant to vegetable safety and regulation, have made specified in more detail to the agricultural chemicals maximum residue limit of listing vegetables, and vegetables against regulation can not come into the market to sell.All parts of the country are being vigorously implemented " quality-assured vegetables engineering ".When choosing vegetables, its exterior quality will have due feature when can search for food, ripe appropriateness, fresh tender and crisp, and profile, good colour are clean, have the distinctive taste of vegetables self, without the disease and pest that impact is edible, have no mechanical damage.

Pesticide Residues in Vegetables is to the harm of human body: there are some researches show, the long-term accumulation of the residues of pesticides in vegetables in human body retains and can bring threat to health.Agricultural chemicals can produce and directly damage nerve system of human body, hematological system, respiratory system and liver, kidney and other organs system, and agricultural chemicals is accumulated in vivo and not easily discharged, acute or slow poisoning can be caused to be detrimental to health even life-threatening safety when reaching a certain amount of.The organophosphorus pesticide of such as early application has larger toxicity to people or mammal, and it is even dead that a large amount of contact or absorption can cause acute poisoning.And some agricultural chemicals also to enter in fetus body by placenta and have certain teratogenesis, also can pass to the next generation by mother and baby and lactation.

The main source of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables: applying pesticides is to the direct pollution of vegetables: residues of pesticides are present in appearance or the inside of vegetables, its pollution level depends primarily on the concentration of the character of agricultural chemicals, formulation, application process and institute's pesticide grown, the time interval, frequency, the kind of vegetables, growth and development stage and edible part, in addition, temperature, sunshine, wind speed and rainfall etc. all can affect removing and the degraded of agricultural chemicals; Vegetables absorb agricultural chemicals from the environment polluted: due to chronic administration agricultural chemicals and the pollution of industry " waste gas, waste liquid, waste residue ", a large amount of agricultural chemicals enters air, water and soil, becomes environmental contaminants.Some agricultural chemicals even need the time of a century just can decompose, and vegetables just especially can absorb agricultural chemicals for a long time from the environment polluted from soil and water; By pollution of food chain food: such as, after the contaminated or applying pesticides of vegetables, its residual agricultural chemicals can enter in animal or human's body along with feed or food, and people increases the residual quantity of agricultural chemicals in body by the edible animal food such as meat, egg, milk polluted ... this also just agricultural chemicals concentrated step by step by food chain.In addition, vegetables in storage, processing, transport, to sell and animal feeding, agricultural chemicals not to be eaten etc. in process and all may be caused a large amount of residual of agricultural chemicals.

Vegetable pesticide residue is the reality faced by we have to, and how this reduces the residual injury to health of agriculture:

1. vegetables and fruits decortication method.Residual agricultural chemicals lodges in vegetables and fruits top layer more, and peeling reduces agriculture the simplest residual method.Weak point be the water soluble vitamin of vegetables and fruits epidermis and dietary fiber abundanter, peeling can reduce the absorption of these nutrients.

2. rice washing water ablution.The organophosphorus pesticides such as the current large multiplex acephatemet of China, phoxim, acidic materials met by these agricultural chemicals one will lose toxicity.Rice washing water is faintly acid, vegetables and fruits is soaked about 10 minutes in rice washing water, rinses well with clear water, just can make the residual minimizing of vegetables agriculture.

3. light salt brine ablution.General vegetables and fruits clear water rinses several times, and then light salt brine soaks 10 minutes, then rinses well with circulating water.

4. blanch method.The best sweep-out method residual to the agriculture of organophosphorus pesticide is boiling hot, as cauliflower, fresh kidney beans, celery etc.Vegetables cook fry or burn before preferably first with boiling water scald, according to test, can remove more than 90% agriculture residual.

5, placement methods:.Fresh vegetables should be stored after buying at low temperatures, and solanaceous vegetables is stored within the scope of 8-12 DEG C, and leaf vegetables and root vegetables can be stored within the scope of 1-5 DEG C, and period of storage more

Short better.

6, the higher ID product of security is bought: organic vegetable comes into the dining table of people gradually at present, owing to not using the material such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, feed addictive of chemical synthesis in production, and transgenic technology is not adopted to become the Typical Representative of " safety, nutrition, health ".In addition, there is comparatively strict regulation in green and pollution-free food selects at agricultural chemicals, remain etc., pay the utmost attention to during suggestion purchase.

How no matter adopt, the residues of pesticides in agricultural product will be removed completely, be particularly difficult to accomplish to a small amount of residues of pesticides entering agricultural product interior tissue;

Test proves, washes by rubbing with the hands a little again, just can remove the residues of pesticides of 15%-60% after vegetables being soaked 10-60 minute with running water.Soak with special vegetable and fruit washing agent, more effective for the attachment reducing agricultural chemicals.Washing agent is soaked fruits and vegetables by after the ratios with water dilution of 1: 200, and in 10-60 minute, persticide residue can reduce 50%-80%; Particularly in first 10 minutes that soak, residues of pesticides decline clearly, can reach about 50%.Then, wash by rubbing with the hands a little, rinse well with clear water and just substantially can remove residues of pesticides.

Summary of the invention:

Generally from the vegetables that vegetable grower's purchase is returned, vegetable pesticide residue all can higher than 16%mg/kg, vegetables not easily fresh-keeping and how to lower vegetable pesticide residue fast and become a difficult point, the invention provides a kind of method solving fresh-keeping and quick reduction vegetable pesticide residue.

Present various countries pay much attention to environmental protection, green, safe vegetables, and the control residual to agriculture is very strict, especially export vegetable.From the vegetables that vegetable grower's unified purchase is returned, agriculture residual general meeting is at about 16 mg/kg, and this is the edible safety not meeting vegetables, can not export.A kind of new method is adopted namely to lower the temperature to vegetables with vacuum precooling machine, general to cooling to 3 DEG C--5 DEG C, in the process of cooling, lower the temperature while exhausting, like this, the agriculture of fresh vegetables is residual just can drop to 8.6mg/kg--9mg/kg, and dehydrated vegetables can 5mg/kg--6mg/kg, has met the standard that export vegetable is no more than 9mg/kg.

The basic method of fresh-keeping of vegetables still shortens the time, especially export vegetable, and it is residual that this method not only effectively can lower vegetables agriculture, can also to fresh-keeping of vegetables, lowers the residual vegetables of agriculture and can pack at once entruck and carry away, also directly can enter freezer and preserve.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are vacuum precooling machine figure

Specific implementation method:

1, the vegetables of vegetable grower are purchased

2, shrink-wrap enters vacuum precooling machine

3, arrange vacuum precooling machine temperature, general vegetables are set to 3 DEG C--and between 5 DEG C, open the extractor fan of vacuum precooling machine simultaneously, start to take vegetables agriculture away residual.

4, to vegetables packed and transported or enter Storage in cold bank.

Claims (1)

1. reduce the residual method of vegetables agriculture, feature adopts vacuum precooling machine cooling, and temperature is set to 3 DEG C--between 5 DEG C, open the extractor fan of vacuum precooling machine simultaneously.