CN104428128A - 将金属结构性加强件固定到包括复合材料的气体涡轮叶片的一部分上的方法,以及实施该方法的注入模 - Google Patents

将金属结构性加强件固定到包括复合材料的气体涡轮叶片的一部分上的方法,以及实施该方法的注入模 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104428128A
CN104428128A CN201380036642.0A CN201380036642A CN104428128A CN 104428128 A CN104428128 A CN 104428128A CN 201380036642 A CN201380036642 A CN 201380036642A CN 104428128 A CN104428128 A CN 104428128A
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China
Prior art keywords
blade
metal reinforcement
structural metal
injection mould
mould
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Granted
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CN201380036642.0A
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CN104428128B (zh
Inventor
蒂里·戈登
布鲁诺·杰克斯·杰拉德·达米布瑞恩
弗兰克·伯纳德·利昂·瓦兰
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/542—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by injection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/04—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from several pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14008—Inserting articles into the mould
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14065—Positioning or centering articles in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1657—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles using means for adhering or bonding the layers or parts to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1671—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles with an insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26—Moulds
    • B29C45/2602—Mould construction elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12461—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
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    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将一金属结构性加强件(10)固定到由复合材料制成的气体涡轮叶片(1)的一部分(2)上的方法，包括将该金属结构性加强件定位在一注入模(20)内；将所述金属结构性加强件将固定于其上的叶片的该部分定位于该注入模内，该叶片部分与该金属结构性加强件在它们的最终位置相互定位，在它们之间留有一间隙(26)；将粘合剂注入到该金属结构性加强件与所述金属结构性加强件将固定于其上的叶片的该部分之间的该间隙内；聚合该粘合剂。本发明还涉及实施该方法的注入模。

Description

将金属结构性加强件固定到包括复合材料的气体涡轮叶片的一部分上的方法,以及实施该方法的注入模
技术领域
本发明涉及采用复合材料制成的航空发动机气体涡轮的一般领域，所述叶片带有装有金属结构性加强件的前缘和/或后缘。
本发明的应用领域是涡轮发动机风扇叶片或螺旋桨叶片领域。本发明的另一个应用领域是涡轮发动机出口导向叶片(OGV)领域。
背景技术
众所周知，复合材料制成的涡轮风扇叶片安装有金属结构性加强件，该加强件沿叶片全部高度延伸且延伸过其前缘。这种情况同样适用于出口导向叶片。
这种结构性加强件可以保护一组复合材料叶片，防止风扇被异物卡住，例如被发动机吞入的鸟。特别是，金属结构性加强件用来保护复合材料叶片前缘(或后缘)，避免出现分层、纤维断裂风险，或由于纤维和基体之间失去结合力而引起的实际损坏。
通常，结构性加强件包括从一整块材料上铣削而成的多片钛合金部件，这些钛合金部件直接粘结在需要保护的叶片的外型面上。
然而，粘结一块结构性金属加强件会引起诸多问题。特别是，在金属加强件与叶片之间的所有接触区域，很难获得令人满意的粘合剂厚度。此外，由于不同批次粘合剂之间的粘度不同，也不可能保证在恒定制作条件下粘合剂层厚度均等。
因此，需要一种方法可以确保结构性金属加强件能够以重复的方式粘结到叶片上，特别是，粘合剂层厚度得到很好控制。
发明内容
根据本发明，该目的通过一种将结构金属加强件紧固到一部分复合材料气体轮机叶片的方法来实现，纤维增强部分通过基体来致密，所述方法包括在注入模内置放结构金属加强件，将叶片与结构金属加强件紧固的部分置放于注入模内，所述叶片部分和结构金属加强件相对置放在其最终相对位置处，同时在二者之间留有间隙，将粘合剂注入结构金属加强件和叶片与结构金属加强件紧固的该部分之间的间隙内，以及使粘合剂聚合。
本发明的紧固方法的优点是基于一种树脂填充方法，即使用一种复合材料液体模塑成型(LCM)式的液体技术，而且特别是，一种树脂传递模塑(RTM)式或真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)式的树脂注入方法，从而将结构金属加强件粘结到叶片上。这些方法本身已为人们所熟知，为此，可以确保对结构金属加强件紧固方法的良好控制。特别是，采用这种方法时，可以对金属加强件和叶片之间接触区域内所有点处粘合剂层最终厚度实现良好控制。这样，在气体涡轮的所有叶片上，很容易进行金属加强件的反复粘结。
叶片可水平或垂直地置放于注入模内。同样，叶片也可部分地或全部地置放于注入模内。所以，本发明的方法在使用时具有很大的自由性。
优选地，该方法进一步包括，在注入粘合剂之前，在结构性金属加强件和叶片上紧固结构金属加强件的部分之间的间隙中，形成真空。形成真空可确保粘合剂完全均匀地分布在间隙内。
同样优选的是，结构性金属加强件通过真空或通过吸盘效应而保持在注入模内部。为此，注入模可用两部分制成，两个部分采用铰链相互连接，注入模的每个部分容纳结构性金属加强件的各自侧翼。
本发明还提供了上述方法的使用，所述方法用来将结构性金属加强件紧固到复合材料制成的风扇叶片或螺旋桨叶片或出口导向叶片的前缘、后缘，或叶片尖部，并适用于涡轮发动机。
本发明还提供了一种实施上述方法的注入模，所述模具包括容纳紧固在一部分叶片上的结构性金属加强件的部位，和将所述结构性金属加强件保持在模具内的装置。所述模具可包括用铰链连接在一起的两部分。
附图说明
通过如下参照附图给出的说明，本发明的其它特性和优点会显现出来，附图所示实施方式不具有限定性。附图如下：
图1为一段复合材料制成的涡轮发动机风扇叶片的示意图，所示风扇叶片前缘用结构性金属加强件覆盖；
图2至图5示出了本发明方法的各个不同步骤，所示方法用来将结构性金属加强件紧固到图1所示叶片前缘上；
图6示出了复合材料制成的结构性导向叶片的剖面图，所示叶片前缘用结构性金属加强件覆盖；以及
图7示出了本发明方法的一个步骤，所示步骤将结构性金属加强件紧固在图6所示叶片前缘上。
具体实施方式
本发明适用于航空发动机的由复合材料制成的任何气体涡轮叶片，其具体涉及图1中所示的涡轮引擎风扇叶片。
按已知方式，风扇叶片1具有叶型表面，该叶型表面具体在前缘2与后缘3之间延伸。风扇叶片的叶型表面还具有压力侧面4和吸力侧面5，所述压力侧面4和吸力侧面5形成使前缘和后缘互相连接的叶片的两个侧面。
风扇叶片1由复合材料制成，具有由基体密化的纤维加强件。例如，该叶片可通过三维编织一纤维预形成件并用基体灌注该预形成件而制成，该组件通过使用一种VARTM型的真空辅助树脂注入方法来浇注而形成。
风扇叶片1的结构性金属加强件10粘结到其前缘2上，并轴向延伸过叶片的前缘，以及径向延伸过前缘的整个高度(即从叶片的根部到叶片的叶端-图1中未示出)。
更确切地说，该结构性金属加强件10紧密地安装到该叶片的前缘2的形状上，其延伸而形成金属前缘2a。在叶片的前缘外，该结构性金属加强件紧密地安装到叶片压力侧面4和吸力侧面5的轮廓的部分上。
该结构性金属加强件10的右截面大体为圆滑的V形的形式，其具有基底11，该基底11紧密安装到叶片的前缘2上，并通过两个侧翼12和13延伸，所述侧翼12和13紧密地安装到该叶片的压力侧面4和吸力侧面5上，使得基部延伸。该结构性金属加强件的每个侧翼12和13的轮廓向叶片后缘逐渐变细。
该结构性金属加强件10为一单件零件，其优选基于钛。此材料具有吸收由冲击产生的能量的巨大能力。
应观察到，结构性金属加强件可以相同方式固定到叶片的后缘或或叶片的尖端，而不是该结构性金属加强件固定到前缘，或既固定到前缘又固定到后缘。
通过以下参照图2至图5所描述的本发明的一种紧固方法，该结构性金属加强件10紧固到风扇叶片1的前缘2上。
首先，将紧固到风扇叶片的前缘上的结构性金属加强件10放置于一注入模20内侧。
如图2所示，注入模20的轮廓的内侧表面大体对应于该结构性金属加强件10的外侧轮廓，特别是具有容纳该结构性金属加强件的基底11的底部21，和分别容纳该加强件的侧翼12和13的两个边缘22和23。
在图2至图5所示的例中，结构性金属加强件10通过建立一真空而固定在注入模20的内侧。为此，注入模的边缘22和23具有通道24，，用于在注入模的内表面与该结构性金属加强件的外表面之间建立一真空，以确保该加强件固定在注入模的内侧。
自然，可设想提供此种保持力的其他装置。例如，注入模的内侧表面可配备有吸盘，该结构性金属加强件压靠在该吸盘上。
而且，在此描述的实施方式中，注入模采用两部分制成，该两部分用铰链25相互连接在一起。特别是，该两个铰接的部分对应于注入模的两个边缘22和23。自然地，可设想注入模可采用任何其他类型的封闭。
一旦该结构性金属加强件10已正确定位并固定在注入模的内侧，将被覆盖的风扇叶片的前缘即放置到位。为此，如图3所示，注入模20(通过将边缘22,23移开，以使叶片的前缘2得以***注入模内)而打开。
例如，通过叶片根部和/或其后缘将叶片夹持在工具的固定部分中，而将叶片的前缘2固定在此位置。然后，可将注入模边缘22和23返回到它们的初始位置而封闭注入模20。
在此位置(图4)，叶片的前缘2和结构性金属加强件相互固定在它们的最终相对位置，即在二者之间留有间隙26，该间隙根据需要注入的粘合剂的量而调整。
如图5所示，该方法的下一个步骤是将粘合剂注入该结构性金属加强件10与叶片的前缘2之间形成的间隙26内。为此，在该结构性金属加强件两个侧翼12和13的端部周围的注入模上设置一密封垫片27，粘合剂可通过叶片前缘的任何周边的点注入(该粘合剂注入点在图5中用箭头28表示)。粘合剂充满间隙26的全部容积。
优选地，在该结构性金属加强件10与叶片的前缘2之间的间隙26中的真空初步建立后，注入粘合剂，以确保粘合剂以完全均匀的方式分布。
为此，可通过叶片前缘的任何周边部分(其不同于粘合剂注入点28)来从该间隙中吸出空气。应观察到，该间隙内部的真空度不许妨碍该结构性金属加强件保持在注入模的内侧。特别是，应建立此空气真空，同时在所述间隙与在该注入模和该结构性金属加强件之间限定的空间之间保持一压力梯度，同时确保该压力梯度足以避免该结构性金属加强件从注入模分离。
注入在该结构性金属加强件10与叶片的前缘2之间的间隙26内的粘合剂可以是一种聚酯、聚亚安酯、聚环氧树脂、双马来酰亚胺的聚合物，和/或酚类的，而且，其可以是糊的形式。
该粘结剂随后聚合。例如，该粘合剂为180℃级的环氧类型时，在注入后，通过将温度升高至140℃保持两小时来进行聚合。
此后，叶片的前缘从注入模中取出。为此，如参照图3所述的那样，通过将注入模的边缘22和23相互分开，而再次打开注入模应是有用的。
参照图6和图7，下面介绍本发明的方法的另一个实施例。
在此例中，具有结构性金属加强件的叶片为涡轮引擎出口导向叶片(OGV)。
如图6所示，OGV 1'具有一叶型表面，该叶型表面具***于前缘2'和后缘3'之间延伸。
就上述风扇叶片而言，OGV 1’叶片由复合材料制成，结构性金属加强件10’粘结到其前缘2’上，并沿轴向延伸过叶片的前缘，沿径向延伸过前缘的整个高度。
将结构性金属加强件10’紧固到叶片1’的前缘2’上的方法与上述方法相同。特别是，其主要在于将结构性金属加强件10’定位在注入模20’内，随后将叶片的前缘2’定位在注射模内，以使叶片和该结构性金属加强件在它们的最终相对位置相互定位，同时在二者之间留出一间隙26’。随后，通过位于叶片的前缘的周边的粘合剂注入点28’注入粘合剂。在粘合剂聚合后，叶片和其前缘可从注入模中取出。
与针对风扇叶片所述的实施例相比，在此实施例中所使用的注入模不必使用铰接的两部分制成。如果OGV不是拱形形状时，则不必能够打开注入模以将叶片的前缘放置到位。
下面介绍上述两种实施例的共同特性。
根据需要，叶片(风扇叶片或OGV)可以垂直或水平地定位于注入模内。其也可部分地或全部地定位于注入模内。
如附图所示，可以经前缘的周边，或者经由该结构性金属加强件两个径向端部中的一个，将粘合剂注入到该结构性金属加强件与该叶片的前缘之间的间隙内。还可设想经由该结构性金属加强件的基底的一个或多个孔来注入粘结剂，这些孔随后(通过例如激光堆焊)而被堵死。
而且，在将粘合剂注入到注入模中的过程中，可将一聚亚氨酯的薄膜粘结到叶片的压力侧面和/或吸力侧面上。这种薄膜的作用是保护其所覆盖的叶片表面不受腐蚀。
在上述例中，结构性金属加强件定位在叶片的前缘上。自然地，该构件同样可应用于将结构性金属加强件紧固到叶片的后缘或叶片的尖端。特别是，如果必须将这种加强件固定到叶片前缘和后缘上，则这些操作可使用该相同注入方法来同时进行。同样，本发明方法也完全适用于涡轮螺旋桨式航空引擎的螺旋桨叶片。

Claims (7)

1.一种将结构性金属加强件(10；10′)固定到一气体涡轮叶片(1；1′)的一部分(2；2′)上的方法，该气体涡轮叶片(1；1′)由复合材料制成，所述复合材料具有由一基体致密的纤维加强件，该方法包括：
将该结构性金属加强件定位在一注入模(20；20′)内；
把该结构性金属加强件将固定于其上的所述叶片的部分放置于该注射模内，叶片的该部分与该结构性金属加强件在它们的最终相对位置相互定位，同时在它们之间留有一间隙(26；26′)；
将粘合剂注入到该结构性金属加强件与该结构性金属加强件将固定于其上的叶片的该部分之间的间隙内，并聚合该粘合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括，在注入粘合剂之前，在所述结构金属加强件与该结构性金属加强件将固定于其上的叶片的该部分之间的间隙内建立一真空。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述结构性金属加强件通过真空或通过吸盘效应而保持在所述注入模的内侧。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的方法，其中，所述粘合剂是聚合物。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的方法的应用，用于将结构性金属加强件(10；10′)紧固到由复合材料制成的风扇叶片(1)、螺旋桨叶片或出口导向叶片(1′)的前缘(2；2′)、后缘(3；3′)或尖端上，以及用于一涡轮引擎。
6.一种实施根据权利要求1至4中任何一项所述方法的注入模(20；20′)，包括用来容纳将固定到该叶片的一部分上的结构性金属加强件的位置，以及用来将所述结构性金属加强件保持在所述注入模内的装置(24)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的注入模，包括通过一铰链连接在一起的两个部分(22,23)。
CN201380036642.0A 2012-07-09 2013-07-03 将金属结构性加强件固定到包括复合材料的气体涡轮叶片的一部分上的方法，以及实施该方法的注入模 Active CN104428128B (zh)

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