CN104415922A - Rotary wiping support for electric coagulation forceps - Google Patents
Rotary wiping support for electric coagulation forceps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104415922A CN104415922A CN201310385992.XA CN201310385992A CN104415922A CN 104415922 A CN104415922 A CN 104415922A CN 201310385992 A CN201310385992 A CN 201310385992A CN 104415922 A CN104415922 A CN 104415922A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wiping
- motor
- hole
- cavity volume
- pedestal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
- B08B1/14—Wipes; Absorbent members, e.g. swabs or sponges
- B08B1/143—Wipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00589—Coagulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00964—Features of probes
- A61B2018/0097—Cleaning probe surfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00964—Features of probes
- A61B2018/0097—Cleaning probe surfaces
- A61B2018/00976—Cleaning probe surfaces with scraping means
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary wiping support for a pair of electric coagulation forceps. The rotary wiping support comprises a pedestal, wherein the pedestal is provided with two through holes; an accommodating cavity is connected below each through hole; the key points are that the inner wall of each accommodating cavity is provided with a spiral groove, the bottom of each accommodating cavity is fixedly provided with a first motor, an output end of each accommodating cavity is connected with a right-angle turning rod, an end part of each right-angle turning rod is connected with a sliding rod, and the top of each sliding rod penetrates into each through hole in a shell of a second motor; one side of each second motor is connected with a pulley; each pulley is clamped in the corresponding spiral groove; an induction device and two drum type wiping boxes are also arranged above the pedestal; coil springs are arranged in the drum type wiping boxes; flexible wiping belts are wound on the coil springs; pull-out ends of the flexible wiping belts are fixedly arranged on the second motors; a single-chip microprocessor is also arranged in the pedestal. The winding of the flexible wiping belts on forceps rods is realized through rotation of the first motors, and wiping of the forceps rods is realized through rotation of the second motors; the rotary wiping support has the advantages of simple principle, convenience in use, capability of greatly saving the manpower and material resources, low manufacturing cost and high practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device of diathermy forceps sterilize wiping.
Background technology
Existing diathermy forceps comprises tweezer point, insulation tweezer bar and electrode tip holder successively, the plug at electrode tip holder rear portion is connected with the main frame of outside by wire, the tweezer point of diathermy forceps provides high-frequency electrical energy to lesion tissue, makes the protein dehydration between tweezer point two ends and solidifies, reaching the object of hemostasis.Sphere of action due to it is only limited between two tweezer points, therefore to the degree of injury of adjacent tissue and coverage very little, quite safe.
After diathermy forceps is finished using, be generally placed directly in pallet.Before reusing, cleaning-sterilizing must be carried out to two tweezer nose parts.Common way be artificial use the cotton balls of dipped alcohol or distilled water, hospital gauze carries out wiping to tweezer point, or use the methods such as radiation sterilization, high-temperature steam sterilization or medicining liquid dipping sterilization, but this kind of method needs manually to do specially, and lose time, efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of diathermy forceps and rotate wiping bearing.
To achieve these goals, by the following technical solutions, a kind of diathermy forceps rotates wiping bearing, comprises base, base has two through holes, and below through hole, each connection cavity volume, is characterized in that: described cavity volume inwall is provided with helicla flute; Be fixed with the first motor bottom cavity volume, its output is connected with a right angle bull stick, and the end of this right angle bull stick connects a sliding bar, and sliding bar top penetrates the through hole on the second motor housing; The side of described second motor is connected with pulley, and this pulley is stuck in the helicla flute of cavity volume inwall; Also be provided with induction installation and two roll type wiping boxes above described base, be provided with wind spring in described roll type wiping box, wind spring be wound with flexible wiper cord; The pull-out end of described flexible wiper cord is fixed on the second motor; Also there is single-chip microcomputer in described base.
Described flexible wiper cord speckles with Medical antiseptic solution.
Through hole on described second motor housing and the shape of sliding bar and size adapt.
In the present invention, the first electric machine rotation realizes the winding of flexible wiper cord to tweezer bar, and the second electric machine rotation realizes the wiping to tweezer bar, and its principle is simple, easy to use, saves human and material resources greatly, and cheap for manufacturing cost, has stronger practical value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of roll type wiping box in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the top view of the second motor in Fig. 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of diathermy forceps rotates wiping bearing, comprises base 1, base 1 has two through holes 2, each connection cavity volume 3 below through hole 2, and described cavity volume 3 inwall is provided with helicla flute 4; Be fixed with the first motor 5 bottom cavity volume 3, its output is connected with a right angle bull stick 6, and the end of this right angle bull stick 6 connects a sliding bar 7, and sliding bar 7 top penetrates the through hole 15 on the second motor 9 shell; The side of described second motor 9 is connected with pulley 8, and this pulley 8 is stuck in the helicla flute 4 of cavity volume 3 inwall; Also be provided with induction installation 13 and two roll type wiping boxes 10 above described base 1, in described roll type wiping box 10, be provided with wind spring 11, wind spring 11 is wound with flexible wiper cord 12; The pull-out end of described flexible wiper cord 12 is fixed on the second motor 9; In described base 1, also there is single-chip microcomputer 14.
Described flexible wiper cord 12 speckles with Medical antiseptic solution.
Shape and the size of through hole on described second motor 9 shell 15 and sliding bar 7 adapt.
During use, tweezers are inserted in two cavity volumes by through hole.When induction installation has sensed that tweezer bar inserts, by signal transmission to single-chip microcomputer.First single-chip microcomputer controls the first electric machine rotation, drives sliding bar to rotate by right angle bull stick, thus makes the second motor can along cavity volume inwall sliding tray slide downward under the drive of sliding bar, and realizes pulling function to flexible wiper cord.When the second motor slides into cavity volume bottom position, the first motor stalls, now, flexible wiper cord has been wrapped in around tweezer bar.
Next, the second motor is started working, and flexible wiper cord rolled by the second motor, owing to being provided with wind spring in roll type wiping box, therefore, in the process of the second motor scrolling, can produce the flexible wiper cord of flexibility and pull, make it in the mantle friction of tweezer bar, thus realize the wiping function to tweezer bar.
After wiping completes, the second motor quits work, and the first motor rotates backward, and make the second motor turn back to cavity volume tip position along cavity volume inwall sliding tray, and flexible wiper cord also can be rolled at the same time by the wind spring in roll type wiping box.Now, user can take out tweezers, reuses.
Flexible wiper cord in wiping box can by manually changing.
In the present invention, the first electric machine rotation realizes the winding of flexible wiper cord to tweezer bar, and the second electric machine rotation realizes the wiping to tweezer bar, and its principle is simple, easy to use, saves human and material resources greatly, and cheap for manufacturing cost, has stronger practical value.
Claims (3)
1. diathermy forceps rotates a wiping bearing, comprises base, base has two through holes, and below through hole, each connection cavity volume, is characterized in that: described cavity volume inwall is provided with helicla flute; Be fixed with the first motor bottom cavity volume, its output is connected with a right angle bull stick, and the end of this right angle bull stick connects a sliding bar, and sliding bar top penetrates the through hole on the second motor housing; The side of described second motor is connected with pulley, and this pulley is stuck in the helicla flute of cavity volume inwall; Also be provided with induction installation and two roll type wiping boxes above described base, be provided with wind spring in described roll type wiping box, wind spring be wound with flexible wiper cord; The pull-out end of described flexible wiper cord is fixed on the second motor; Also there is single-chip microcomputer in described base.
2. diathermy forceps as claimed in claim 1 rotates wiping bearing, it is characterized in that: described flexible wiper cord speckles with Medical antiseptic solution.
3. diathermy forceps as claimed in claim 1 rotates wiping bearing, it is characterized in that: the through hole on described second motor housing and the shape of sliding bar and size adapt.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511013186.5A CN105598050A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Electric coagulation forceps rotating wiping support |
| CN201310385992.XA CN104415922B (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | A kind of electric coagulation forceps rotates wiping bearing |
| CN201511013188.4A CN105618398A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Rotary wiping support for electrocoagulation forceps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310385992.XA CN104415922B (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | A kind of electric coagulation forceps rotates wiping bearing |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511013188.4A Division CN105618398A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Rotary wiping support for electrocoagulation forceps |
| CN201511013186.5A Division CN105598050A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Electric coagulation forceps rotating wiping support |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104415922A true CN104415922A (en) | 2015-03-18 |
| CN104415922B CN104415922B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
Family
ID=52966691
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511013186.5A Pending CN105598050A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Electric coagulation forceps rotating wiping support |
| CN201511013188.4A Pending CN105618398A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Rotary wiping support for electrocoagulation forceps |
| CN201310385992.XA Active CN104415922B (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | A kind of electric coagulation forceps rotates wiping bearing |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511013186.5A Pending CN105598050A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Electric coagulation forceps rotating wiping support |
| CN201511013188.4A Pending CN105618398A (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Rotary wiping support for electrocoagulation forceps |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (3) | CN105598050A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105618398A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-06-01 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Rotary wiping support for electrocoagulation forceps |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111870354B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2021-07-30 | 德阳市人民医院 | Multifunctional double-layer nursing plate |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6083755A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | Eberhard-Karls-Universitat | Method for determining the cleaning action on a cleaned object |
| JP2000217781A (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-08 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Washing and sterilizing device and medical instrument |
| CN202951651U (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-05-29 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Novel electric coagulation forceps wiping supporting seat |
| CN202984235U (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-06-12 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Electric coagulation forceps cleaning support |
| CN203459311U (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-03-05 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Rotary wiping bracket of electric coagulation forceps |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003116875A (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-22 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Medical apparatus-storing bag and method for washing medical apparatus |
| JP2010227756A (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-10-14 | Miura Co Ltd | Washing method, and washing auxiliary tool used therefor |
| KR20100126208A (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2010-12-01 | 조지아 테크 리서치 코포레이션 | Antimicrobial uv up-conversion composition |
| CN202982212U (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-06-12 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Convenient electric coagulation forceps system |
| CN203044388U (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-07-10 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Support for cleaning and drying of electric coagulation forceps |
| CN203074856U (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-07-24 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Wiping support for electric coagulation forceps |
| CN203184259U (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-11 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Electric coagulation forcep cleaning support |
| CN105598050A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-05-25 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Electric coagulation forceps rotating wiping support |
-
2013
- 2013-08-30 CN CN201511013186.5A patent/CN105598050A/en active Pending
- 2013-08-30 CN CN201511013188.4A patent/CN105618398A/en active Pending
- 2013-08-30 CN CN201310385992.XA patent/CN104415922B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6083755A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | Eberhard-Karls-Universitat | Method for determining the cleaning action on a cleaned object |
| JP2000217781A (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-08 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Washing and sterilizing device and medical instrument |
| CN202951651U (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-05-29 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Novel electric coagulation forceps wiping supporting seat |
| CN202984235U (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-06-12 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Electric coagulation forceps cleaning support |
| CN203459311U (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-03-05 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Rotary wiping bracket of electric coagulation forceps |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105618398A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-06-01 | 重庆润泽医药有限公司 | Rotary wiping support for electrocoagulation forceps |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105598050A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| CN104415922B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| CN105618398A (en) | 2016-06-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN203044388U (en) | Support for cleaning and drying of electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203526154U (en) | Support for cleaning electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203124362U (en) | Automatic cleaning and scrubbing support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203123091U (en) | Automatic electric coagulation forceps wiping support | |
| CN202951649U (en) | Electric coagulation forceps supporting seat with rotating shafts | |
| CN203458615U (en) | Disinfecting-wiping support seat for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203526116U (en) | Rotating wiping support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203459311U (en) | Rotary wiping bracket of electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN202984235U (en) | Electric coagulation forceps cleaning support | |
| CN104415922A (en) | Rotary wiping support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203196917U (en) | Cleaning tank for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203196956U (en) | Wiping support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN202682046U (en) | Electric coagulation forceps support with automatic forceps tip cleaning function | |
| CN203196923U (en) | Cleaning support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN202982224U (en) | Electro-coagulation forceps system with open-type attraction groove | |
| CN104013462B (en) | A kind of electric coagulation forcep system being easy to cleaning | |
| CN203124351U (en) | Cleaning box for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203074856U (en) | Wiping support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203184258U (en) | Cleaning trough for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203330024U (en) | Electrocoagulation tweezers wiping support | |
| CN202892079U (en) | Electric coagulation forceps supporting seat with cleaning function | |
| CN104588343A (en) | Rotating wiping support for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203458614U (en) | Wiping support seat for electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203459310U (en) | Scrubbing support of electric coagulation forceps | |
| CN203292111U (en) | Support for electric coagulation forceps |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20160628 Address after: 325000 Zhejiang city of Wenzhou province Longwan high tech Industrial Park, Aojiang Road No. 81 building two floor B Applicant after: WENZHOU ZHICHUANG TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 400042 Chongqing city Yubei District Qinye Road No. 9 Applicant before: CHONGQING RUNZE PHARMACEUTICAL Co.,Ltd. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20200608 Address after: 233100 South Ring Road, Fucheng Town, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Fengyang cihuai Intelligent Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 325000 Zhejiang city of Wenzhou province Longwan high tech Industrial Park, Aojiang Road No. 81 building two floor B Patentee before: WENZHOU ZHICHUANG TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20240222 Address after: 233100 Intersection of Renai Road and Shejitan Road, Fucheng Town, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Fengyang County Economic Development Investment Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 233100 South Ring Road, Fucheng Town, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Fengyang cihuai Intelligent Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |