CN104409771A - Nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and lithium secondary battery - Google Patents

Nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and lithium secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104409771A
CN104409771A CN201410637794.2A CN201410637794A CN104409771A CN 104409771 A CN104409771 A CN 104409771A CN 201410637794 A CN201410637794 A CN 201410637794A CN 104409771 A CN104409771 A CN 104409771A
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electrolyte
lithium
fluorine ether
hydrogen fluorine
ethyl hydrogen
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CN104409771B (en
Inventor
仰永军
韩鸿波
陈卫
谢岚
罗乾
万华平
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Guangzhou Tinci Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Dongguan City Kai Xin Battery Material Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery, the electrolyte includes an electrolyte lithium salt, nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether, a non-aqueous organic solvent and additives, the nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether has a structure general formula of CNCH2CHR1-O-R2, wherein R1 is any one of H, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, OCH3, OC2H5, OC3H7, OCH2CH2OCH3 and OCH2CH2OCH2CH3; and R2 is a fluorine-containing alkyl with the number of carbon atoms of 1-10. The fluorocarbon chain group is conducive to the improvement of compatibility of nitrile compounds and graphite anode, reduction of irreversible electrochemical reaction of the electrolyte on graphite anode surface and improvement of the battery coulombic efficiency.

Description

A kind of electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether and a kind of lithium secondary battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether and a kind of lithium secondary battery.
Background technology
Lithium secondary battery has that operating voltage is high, specific energy density is large, have extended cycle life, self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect and the advantage such as environmental pollution is little, being widely used in all kinds of consumer electronics market, is also the ideal power source of following motor vehicle and various electric tool.Along with lithium secondary battery practical ranges is constantly promoted, more and more urgent to the demand of high-energy density lithium secondary cell, the energy density of battery is mainly subject to the impact of the performance of electrode material gram volume and operating voltage two factors.The lithium secondary battery voltage range of current use ternary material or lithium cobaltate cathode is 3.0 ~ 4.2V, ensureing lithium ion battery work upper voltage limit improves by the stable basis of cathode material structure (be such as increased to 4.35V and more than), the gram volume that effectively can improve electrode material plays, thus improves the energy density of lithium ion battery.In addition, along with developing rapidly of energy storage and electrokinetic cell, the fail safe of battery receives much concern gradually.
The application of high-voltage anode material can significantly improve the specific energy of monomer lithium ion battery on the one hand, but also brings the negative effect of other side simultaneously, and wherein more noticeable is interface stability sex chromosome mosaicism between positive pole/electrolyte.When charging voltage is higher than more than 4.5V, easily there is oxidation reaction at electrode surface in now widely used carbonate solvent, causes electrolyte dry-out gradually, and the internal resistance of cell increases, and this process generates along with a large amount of gaseous by-product so that inner pressure of battery increases severely.These factors make the serious curtailment in useful life of battery, even bring severe potential safety hazard.
For this problem, industry is mainly selected to add suitable additive in the electrolytic solution, to reach stable interface, improves the object of battery correlated performance.Such as use the appropriate additive containing " two itrile group " (CN 103441303A etc.) in the electrolytic solution, by the complexing of itrile group and transition metal, to reduce oxidation susceptibility and the catalytic effect of transition metal, thus stablize the interface of positive pole/electrolyte.But itrile group compounds and graphite-phase capacitive poor, impact is brought on the cycle performance of battery, be not suitable for high-load add use.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is that providing a kind of contains the electrolyte of nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether and a kind of lithium secondary battery, this electrolyte has superior oxidation resistent susceptibility and security performance, makes lithium secondary battery have superior circulation, high-temperature storage and security performance under high voltage condition.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
An electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether, comprises electrolyte lithium salt, nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, wherein: described nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether structure general formula is: CNCH 2cHR 1-O-R 2, wherein: R 1for H, CH 3, C 2h 5, C 3h 7, C 4h 9, OCH 3, OC 2h 5, OC 3h 7, OCH 2cH 2oCH 3, OCH 2cH 2oCH 2cH 3any one; R 2for carbon number 1 ~ 10 containing fluoroalkyl.
R 2for CF 3, CF 3cH 2, CF 2hCH 2, CF 3cF 2, CF 2hCF 2cH 2, CF 3cFHCF 2, CF 3cF 2cH 2, CF 3cF 2cF 2, HCF 2cF 2cF 2cH 2, CF 2hCF 2cF 2cF 2, (CH 2f) 2cH, (CF 3) 3c, CF 3(CF 2cF 2) 2cF 2, HCF 2cF 2oCH 2cH 2cH 2any one.
Described electrolyte lithium salt concentration is in the electrolytic solution 0.5-2mol/L, and described nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.1% ~ 80%, and the consumption of described additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight.
Described electrolyte lithium salt concentration is in the electrolytic solution 0.7 ~ 1.5mol/L; Described nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.5% ~ 50%; Described additive mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.5% ~ 7%.
Described non-aqueous organic solvent be one in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate and more than.
Described electrolyte lithium salt is LiBF 4, LiPF 6, LiPF 2o 2, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiSO 3cF 3, LiB (C 2o 4) 2, LiBF 2c 2o 4, LiN (SO 2cF 3) 2, LiN (SO 2f) 2one and more than.
Described additive is vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, difluorinated ethylene carbonate, PS, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butyl sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, the one in ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite and more than.
A kind of lithium secondary battery: comprise positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether of the present invention, positive plate comprises the positive electrode active materials of embedding/deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described positive electrode active materials and conductive agent is combined with described collector; Negative plate comprises and can embed or the negative active core-shell material of deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described negative active core-shell material and conductive agent is combined with described collector.
Described positive electrode active materials comprise in the metal oxide of lithium and metallic element Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr and rare earth element more than one; Described negative active core-shell material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, agraphitic carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon.
Positive electrode active materials also comprises polyanion lithium compound LiMx (PO4) y, and described M is any one of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti and V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5); Crystalline carbon in described negative active core-shell material comprise one in native graphite, graphitized coke, graphitization MCMB, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber and more than; Described lithium alloy is the alloy of lithium and aluminium, zinc, silicon, tin, gallium, any one metal of antimony.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) fluorocarbon chain and graphite cathode have good compatibility, effectively can improve the irreversible electrochemical reducting reaction of itrile group class organic compound in graphite-based negative terminal surface, improve the head week coulombic efficiency of battery.
(2) fluorocarbon chain has significant surface activity effect and hypopolarization, effectively can reduce viscosity and the wettability of nitrile-based compound, shorten the fluid injection time of lithium secondary battery, improve homogeneity and stability that negative terminal surface forms SEI film, improve multiplying power and the cycle performance of battery.
(3) nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether has higher HOMO energy level, namely embodies higher oxidizing potential, in addition " itrile group " and " ether " can with transition metal ions complexing, thus effectively suppress organic solvent to react in the irreversible oxidation of positive electrode surface.Thus improve the oxidation resistance of electrolyte, improve battery cycle performance under high voltages, and reduce the inflatable rate of battery under high-temperature storage environment, hoist capacity recovery rate.
Embodiment
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated; But scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment, any do not depart from purport of the present invention change or change and can be understood by those skilled in the art, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether
Nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether list of references preparation (Q.Wang, et al., J.Power Sources, 2005,146:813).Chemical constitution is passed through 1h-NMR and 19f-NMR determines, purity is confirmed by gas-chromatography, and product purity is greater than 99.95%.
(2) preparation of electrolyte
(H in the glove box of argon atmosphere 2o<1ppm), by organic solvent be EC (ethylene carbonate): DMC (dimethyl carbonate): EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate)=30: 30:40 and LiPF in mass ratio 6(1.0M) mix, CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 25% and 1% of total weight is accounted for respectively with VC (vinylene carbonate).Above-mentioned each raw material is added successively, stirs, namely obtain lithium secondary cell electrolyte of the present invention (free acid <15ppm, moisture <10ppm).Prepared is used for electrolyte in flame retardant test and battery performance test, and test result is summarized in table 1.
(3) preparation of anode pole piece
By mass percent be 3% Kynoar (PVDF) be dissolved in 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone solution, by the LiCoO of mass percent 94% 2add above-mentioned solution with the conductive agent carbon black of 3% and mix, after the slurry of mixed system being coated on the two sides of aluminium foil, after oven dry, roll extrusion, obtaining anode pole piece.
(4) preparation of cathode pole piece
It is the SBR binding agent of 4% by mass percent, mass percent is in the water-soluble solution of CMC thickener of 1%, is that the graphite of 95% adds above-mentioned solution, mixes mass percent, after the slurry of mixed system being coated on the two sides of Copper Foil, after oven dry, roll extrusion, obtain cathode pole piece.
(5) preparation of lithium secondary battery
The anode pole piece of above-mentioned preparation, cathode pole piece and barrier film are made square electric cell with winding method, adopts polymer packaging, pour into the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation, after the technique such as changing into, make the lithium secondary battery that capacity is 1600mAh.
(6) battery performance is surveyed
Cycle performance is tested, and carry out charge and discharge cycles test with the multiplying power of 0.5/0.5C discharge and recharge to battery, cut-ff voltage interval is 3.0 ~ 4.5V.High-temperature storage performance is tested, and first will change into complete battery under normal temperature state with 0.5C discharge and recharge once, then carries out High temperature storage after battery being full of electricity with 0.5C, after battery cools completely, the battery of taking-up is carried out discharge test with 0.5C.
Embodiment 2
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 2addition be 0.5%.
Embodiment 3
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 2addition be 2%.
Embodiment 4
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 2use as main solvent, the ratio of solvent is EC (ethylene carbonate): DMC (dimethyl carbonate): EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate): CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 2=30: 30:30:10.
Embodiment 5
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 2use as main solvent, the ratio of solvent is EC (ethylene carbonate): DMC (dimethyl carbonate): CNCH 2cH 2oCH (CF 3) 2=30: 40:30.
Embodiment 6-15
Except following table parameter, other parameters and preparation method are with embodiment 1.
Table 1 embodiment 6-15
Embodiment 16
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is LiCoO 2positive pole is replaced by LiNi 0.5co 0.3mn 0.2o 2.
Embodiment 17
Identical with the technique of embodiment 6, difference is LiCoO 2positive pole is replaced by LiNi 0.5co 0.3mn 0.2o 2.
Embodiment 18
Identical with the technique of embodiment 9, difference is LiCoO 2positive pole is replaced by LiNi 0.3co 0.3mn 0.3o 2.
The test result of table 2 embodiment and comparative example
As can be seen from the result of embodiment 1 ~ 18 and comparative example 1 ~ 2, add cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance that nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether effectively can improve high voltage lithium secondary battery in electrolyte, comprise the capacity restoration rate after improving high-temperature storage and reduce inflatable rate.From embodiment 1 ~ 5, the result of embodiment 10 and comparative example 3 can be found out, the content of nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether is suitably improved in electrolyte, effectively can improve the cycle performance of battery and reduce inflatable rate, but when nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether content reaches the content of 60%, because electrolyte system viscosity increases, the capacity of battery is caused to play influenced.
Below be only illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention, but this embodiment be not used to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, allly do not depart from the equivalence that thinking of the present invention does and implement or change, all should be contained in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether, comprises electrolyte lithium salt, nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, wherein: described nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether structure general formula is: CNCH 2cHR 1-O-R 2, wherein: R 1for H, CH 3, C 2h 5, C 3h 7, C 4h 9, OCH 3, OC 2h 5, OC 3h 7, OCH 2cH 2oCH 3, OCH 2cH 2oCH 2cH 3any one; R 2for carbon number 1 ~ 10 containing fluoroalkyl.
2. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether according to claim 1, wherein: described R 2for CF 3, CF 3cH 2, CF 2hCH 2, CF 3cF 2, CF 2hCF 2cH 2, CF 3cFHCF 2, CF 3cF 2cH 2, CF 3cF 2cF 2, HCF 2cF 2cF 2cH 2, CF 2hCF 2cF 2cF 2, (CH 2f) 2cH, (CF 3) 3c, CF 3(CF 2cF 2) 2cF 2, HCF 2cF 2oCH 2cH 2cH 2any one.
3. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether according to claim 1, wherein: described electrolyte lithium salt concentration is in the electrolytic solution 0.5-2mol/L, described nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0. 1% ~ 80%, and the consumption of described additive is the 0.1-10.0% of organic solvent weight.
4. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether according to claim 3, wherein: described electrolyte lithium salt concentration is in the electrolytic solution 0.7 ~ 1.5 mol/L; Described nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.5% ~ 50%; Described additive mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.5% ~ 7%.
5. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether according to claim 1, wherein: described non-aqueous organic solvent be one in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate and more than.
6. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether according to claim 1, wherein: described electrolyte lithium salt is LiBF 4, LiPF 6, LiPF 2o 2, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiSO 3cF 3, LiB (C 2o 4) 2, LiBF 2c 2o 4, LiN (SO 2cF 3) 2, LiN (SO 2f) 2one and more than.
7. the electrolyte containing nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether according to claim 1, wherein: described additive is vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, difluorinated ethylene carbonate, PS, 1,4-butyl sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, the one in ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite and more than.
8. lithium secondary battery: comprise described in positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and any one of claim 1-7 containing the electrolyte of nitrile ethyl hydrogen fluorine ether, positive plate comprises the positive electrode active materials of embedding/deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described positive electrode active materials and conductive agent is combined with described collector; Negative plate comprises and can embed or the negative active core-shell material of deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described negative active core-shell material and conductive agent is combined with described collector.
9. lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, described positive electrode active materials comprise in the metal oxide of lithium and metallic element Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr and rare earth element more than one; Described negative active core-shell material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, agraphitic carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon.
10. lithium secondary battery according to claim 9, described positive electrode active materials also comprises polyanion lithium compound LiM x(PO 4) y, described M is any one of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti, V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5; Crystalline carbon in described negative active core-shell material comprise one in native graphite, graphitized coke, graphitization MCMB, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber and more than; Described lithium alloy is the alloy of lithium and aluminium, zinc, silicon, tin, gallium, any one metal of antimony.
CN201410637794.2A 2014-11-12 2014-11-12 Nitrile ethyl hydrofluoroether-containing electrolyte and lithium secondary battery Active CN104409771B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104900916A (en) * 2015-06-26 2015-09-09 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 Electrolyte solution for high-capacity lithium-ion battery, preparation method and lithium-ion battery
CN109713367A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-03 安普瑞斯（南京）有限公司 A kind of siliceous lithium ion battery with high energy density
CN112768774A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-07 湖南科技大学 Electrolyte containing nitrile compound, preparation method thereof and lithium secondary battery
WO2021108995A1 (en) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Secondary battery, electrolyte, and device containing secondary battery

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CN102439776A (en) * 2009-07-09 2012-05-02 株式会社Lg化学 A non-aqueous electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries and a rechargeable lithium battery comprising the same
CN104051784A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-09-17 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 Lithium secondary battery electrolyte, preparation method of lithium secondary battery electrolyte as well as lithium secondary battery

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CN102210054A (en) * 2009-01-09 2011-10-05 株式会社Lg化学 Electrolyte containing eutectic mixture and nitrile compound and electrochemical device furnished with the same
CN102439776A (en) * 2009-07-09 2012-05-02 株式会社Lg化学 A non-aqueous electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries and a rechargeable lithium battery comprising the same
WO2011136226A1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2011-11-03 旭硝子株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for secondary battery, and secondary battery
CN104051784A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-09-17 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 Lithium secondary battery electrolyte, preparation method of lithium secondary battery electrolyte as well as lithium secondary battery

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104900916A (en) * 2015-06-26 2015-09-09 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 Electrolyte solution for high-capacity lithium-ion battery, preparation method and lithium-ion battery
CN109713367A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-03 安普瑞斯（南京）有限公司 A kind of siliceous lithium ion battery with high energy density
WO2021108995A1 (en) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Secondary battery, electrolyte, and device containing secondary battery
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CN112768774A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-05-07 湖南科技大学 Electrolyte containing nitrile compound, preparation method thereof and lithium secondary battery

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