CN104407400A - Method for making fracture model - Google Patents
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- CN104407400A CN104407400A CN201410660347.9A CN201410660347A CN104407400A CN 104407400 A CN104407400 A CN 104407400A CN 201410660347 A CN201410660347 A CN 201410660347A CN 104407400 A CN104407400 A CN 104407400A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for making a fracture model, and the method includes the following steps: selecting a full diameter core which has an obviously natural fracture and dividing the core two sections in the boundary of the fracture; processing shape or size of the two sections of full diameter core as a matrix of the fracture model to make the shape and size of the two sections of full diameter core to meet the specifications of a holder; making a point contact support according to requirements of opening of the fracture model; supporting a part of matrix of the fracture model which has been made using the point contact support; placing the other part of matrix of the fracture model on the point contact support. The method not only can make the fracture model suitable for standard core holder, but also can make the fracture model of the core with larger size. In addition, the method uses the objective strata full diameter core as a basis, which can allow the fracture model to have strong authenticity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil weather exploratory development field, be specifically related to a kind of fractured model method for making.
Background technology
In the complicated reservoirs such as carbonatite, volcanics and compact clastic rock, crack has material impact to the percolation ability of oil gas in pore space and effective reservoir, therefore, accurate identification and the evaluation in crack have great importance to above-mentioned complicated reservoirs oil-gas exploration, but are also one of main difficulties faced in current complicated reservoirs evaluation simultaneously.In order to carry out accurate evaluation to Reservoir Fracture, first must understand fully that crack is on the impact of various petrophysical parameter and rule, such as crack is to acoustic velocity, the isoparametric effect characteristics of resistivity.Experiment is most important, the most direct method of rock physics study mechanism, but, fracture reservoir, its experimental study presents following several large difficult point: first, due to the restriction of drilling technology, crack interval to get core very difficult, be difficult to obtain the rock core that can meet needed for experiment; Secondly, for the rock core containing microfracture that some are got from down-hole, often also can break in rock core process, be difficult to obtain the crack that contains wanted and test rock core; In addition, even if processed successfully the rock core containing certain crack, the wherein distribution in crack, width and inclination angle etc. have been all unmanageable.Above-mentioned several large difficulty constrains fracture reservoir experiment and rock physics study mechanism to a great extent.Therefore, how to make a kind of experiment demand that can meet, have specific width, distribution containing crack rock model, fracture Response Mechanism and study on evaluation way have very important significance.
In prior art, fractured model makes and mainly contains two large class methods: embedding inlay technique and overlay technique.The ultimate principle of embedding inlay technique is in uniform host material, embed the so-called impurity representing crack, as with the host material of epoxy resin as model of fissuration, with a kind of composite material containing silicon rubber and epoxy resin as fracture filling.Superimposed rule is superimposed together by different sheetings or forms simulation fracture model after placement stilt in the middle of sheeting.According to the ultimate principle of embedding inlay technique, although the synthetic core with certain minerals composition can be utilized to simulate not containing the base portion in crack, but there is larger difference in porosity type and on distributing due to synthetic core and true core, therefore the method cannot Reality simulation reservoir crack response, the reservoir simulation difficulty very strong to nonuniformity is then larger.The overlay technique fractured model of current employing, is generally used for large scale core experiment (as 7.058cm Χ 7.02cm Χ 5.802cm), but for accommodating the experiment of device using standard clamper as rock core, this method is then difficult to be suitable for.
In sum, existing fractured model method for making has significant limitation, and the fractured model of making is difficult to the needs meeting experiment.
Summary of the invention
Can not meet the technical matters of fractured model requirement of experiment to solve existing fractured model method for making, the object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of true core fractured model method for making being applicable to standard core holding unit and large scale rock core.
The technical scheme that the invention process adopts is:
A kind of fractured model method for making, described method for making comprises,
Step 1, choose the full-hole core that object stratum exists a natural fracture, by described full-hole core with described natural fracture for boundary is divided into two sections, thus make two sections of full-hole cores have a natural fracture face respectively;
Step 2, the shape of described two sections of full-hole cores and/or size to be processed, with the specification making the shape and size of described two sections of full-hole cores meet clamper;
The opening width of step 3, setting fractured model, makes stilt according to described opening width;
The natural fracture face clamping above support of two sections of full-hole cores after step 4, use processing, and the longitudinal axis of these two sections of full-hole cores is located along the same line.
Preferably, step 4 specifically comprises:
Choose a section in two sections of full-hole cores after processing, above support is positioned on the natural fracture face of this section of full-hole core;
The natural fracture face of another section is contacted with above support, clamp with two sections of full-hole cores after making above support processed, and the longitudinal axis of these two sections of full-hole cores is located along the same line.
Preferably, above support is point cantact stilt.
Preferably, described point cantact stilt is spherical point contact stilt.
Preferably, the middle part of described point cantact stilt is rectangle, and two ends are semisphere.
Preferably, the quantity of described point cantact stilt is 3.
Preferably, 3 point cantact stilts are evenly distributed on described natural fracture face.
Preferably, described 3 point cantact stilts are bonded on described natural fracture face.
Preferably, described method for making is used for Stoneley wave measurement.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect: owing to adopting object stratum full-hole core instead of appearing or basis that synthetic core makes as fractured model, the pore structure characteristic transitivity parameter of particular reservoir rock core can not only be simulated, and can the natural form in simulate formation crack, make the fractured model made have very strong authenticity; Due to the demand of the specification according to clamper, the shape of two sections of full-hole cores or size are processed, make the fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention, the fractured model of applied code core holding unit can not only be made, large scale rock core fractured model can also be made.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of fractured model method for making in prior art;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of two kinds of point cantact stilts in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of rectangular support support bends fracture plane in prior art;
Fig. 5 is the face sectional view of point cantact supporter supports bending cracks in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention selects on basis in true reservoir core, and the point-like support thing with three with certain intervals makes specific fractured model.
As shown in Figure 1, the figure shows the process flow diagram of a kind of fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention.
S101: choose full-hole core, and be divided into two sections;
In order to study the crack response pattern of true reservoir, the method for the embodiment of the present invention is based on the interval true core of crack.Therefore, the full-hole core chosen is the full diameter true core of crack interval.
The principle that crack interval full-hole core is chosen has two: (1) rock core exists an obvious natural fracture, for being easy in laboratory, boundary, rock core is divided into two parts, and does not damage the natural form in crack with this crack; (2) rock core at two ends, crack is without another cracks or microfracture.Select above-mentioned rock core to make fractured model and there are two large advantages: (1) selects to have the rock core of an obvious natural fracture, is easy to make real natural fracture face in laboratory.Under actual formation condition, crack nonideal plane, but there is certain roughening, tortuosity, present the Irregular Boundary Surface of concavo-convex change.In order to simulation fracture scrambling is to the affecting laws of petrophysical parameter, also the example of the rough fracture plane of manual construction is had in prior art, but the feature in the impossible Reality simulation crack completely of the concave-convex curved surface of this arteface, for this reason, the present invention proposes, utilize natural fracture face as the fracture plane in fractured model, the method can the truth in simulate formation crack, and under formation condition, effect characteristics research in crack is significant.(2) adopt the fissureless true core in two ends, natural fracture face as the base portion of fractured model, can not contain pore structure characteristic and the physical parameter such as factor of porosity, permeability such as type, distribution of rift portion hole in Reality simulation stratum completely.
By the object formation fracture interval full-hole core chosen, with natural fracture face for boundary is divided into two sections.
S102: two sections of full-hole cores are processed as required shape and size;
Experimentally require selected two sections of full-hole cores to be processed as required shape and size, as the matrix (namely not containing rift portion) at two ends, crack in fractured model, the matrix of fractured model has two sections.
For the difference of clamper specification used, fractured model can have different diameters.For standard clamper, common diameter is 2.5cm, 3.75cm and 10cm.For non-standard clamper, core diameter is determined according to the size of clamper, but is usually less than 10cm (maximum gauge of full-hole core).If do not adopt cylindrical clamper, but utilize square clamping plate fracture model to fix, fractured model can be any shape (being generally rectangle) needed for experiment, now should not be processed as specific shape containing crack rock core and meet corresponding dimensional requirement.
S103: select and make point cantact stilt;
The experimentally difference of the requirement of middle fracture model opening width, makes the stilt of difformity and size, has opening width required for experiment to make the fractured model made.That is, according to the demand of fracture width in fractured model, suitable stilt is made.
As shown in Figure 2, conventional fractured model adopts little rectangular block as stilt in making, due to rectangle and two ends base contact area larger, the ratio that stilt occupies fracture spaces is also larger, stilt itself will produce a very large impact experimental result, particularly larger on the impact of particle contacts relation highstrung sound wave experiment.Therefore this model has significant limitation in sound wave experiment.In order to can accurate simulation crack on the impact of Acoustic Wave Propagation, the contribution of stilt to Acoustic Wave Propagation must be reduced as far as possible, that is will reduce the contact area of stilt and two ends matrix as far as possible.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of method of point cantact supporter supports matrix, and according to the difference of fracture opening, proposes two kinds of different point cantact stilts.As shown in Figure 3, if the opening width in crack is smaller, the bead of special diameter can be selected as stilt, stilt 301 as shown in Figure 3, now the diameter of bead equals fracture opening; If the opening width in crack is larger, if with bead as stilt, the ratio that bead occupies fracture spaces will be larger, and this produces larger impact by experimental result.For this reason, the embodiment of the present invention proposes another kind of point cantact stilt: be rectangle in the middle of stilt, two ends are hemispherical, stilt 302 as shown in Figure 3, can obtain the fractured model with specific fracture width easily by the width adjusting intermediate rectangular.Adopt the advantage of the stilt 302 shown in Fig. 3 to be: the point cantact both having achieved stilt and crack both ends of the surface matrix, reduce the ratio of fracture spaces shared by stilt simultaneously to greatest extent, and be convenient to the fractured model realizing larger opening width.
As shown in Figure 4, the figure shows rectangular support support bends fracture plane sectional view, the developed width in a, b, c, d tetra-diverse location cracks, the measure-alike of rectangular support in figure.The position of placing due to rectangular support and angle of inclination difference, different in the contact situation of four diverse location stilts and fracture plane, wherein a, d two position (rectangular surfaces is vertical with normal to curve) stilts and fracture plane substantially identical, but b, c two positions (rectangular surfaces and normal to curve out of plumb) stilt is obviously greater than fracture width.Conversely, if support size is the same, if place stilt in b, c two positions, then the width of the fractured model made will obviously be greater than fracture width stilt being placed on a, d two positions.For zigzag cracks face, the bending status in crack is difficult to determine, therefore its opening width of fractured model of making of rectangular support and actually present larger difference.As shown in Figure 5, adopt the point cantact stilt that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, then avoid above-mentioned situation, the width in diverse location crack is identical, the spherical support thing with same diameter is placed on 4 diverse locations a, b, c, d, the contact of spherical support thing and fracture plane is all better, there is not the impact of placement location and angle fracture opening width.
Therefore, adopt the matrix at two ends, point cantact supporter supports crack, its outstanding advantage applies is in two: first, point cantact stilt can reduce the contact area of stilt and fracture plane, thus reduces stilt to greatest extent to the impact of the rock physical properties such as sound wave; Secondly, for zigzag cracks face, the model that point cantact stilt makes is more accurate.
S104: utilize three identical selected point cantact stilts with the good fractured model matrix of support manufacturing;
Stilt is placed on the natural fracture face of wherein one section of fractured model matrix.
In order to accurate simulation crack is on the impact of Acoustic Wave Propagation, the contribution of stilt to Acoustic Wave Propagation must be reduced as far as possible, for this reason, should reduce the contact area (adopting point cantact stilt) of stilt and matrix on the one hand, be then the number reducing stilt as far as possible on the other hand.According to the geological theorems of " determining a face at 3 ", the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of method selecting three stilts to build fractured model, and the advantage applies of the method is in following two:
(1) decrease the number of stilt to greatest extent, reduce the impact of stilt fracture response;
(2) make modelling process easy, the fractured model of making has good stationarity.
Should be noted that following 2 points: one is that three selected point cantact stilts should be evenly distributed on natural fracture face as far as possible in the put procedure of stilt, two are, a small amount of bonding agent can be selected to be bonded on a natural fracture planes by three point cantact stilts.
S105: an other segment base light weight is placed on three point cantact stilts.
Another section of fractured model matrix is placed on a support, that is, an other segment base light weight of fractured model is placed on three point cantact stilts, to make with true core be matrix, there is the fractured model of specific fracture width.
The fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention, adopt object stratum full-hole core instead of appear or basis that synthetic core makes as fractured model, the pore structure characteristic transitivity parameter of particular reservoir rock core can not only be simulated, and can the natural form in simulate formation crack, make the fractured model made have very strong authenticity, the fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention, crack is built with point cantact stilt, and according to the difference of fracture opening, propose the structural form of 2 kinds of point cantact stilts, and then according to the geological theorems of " determining a plane at 3 ", propose the method that employing three point cantact stilts build crack, therefore, according to the fractured model that the method for the embodiment of the present invention makes, decrease the ratio that the contact area of stilt and fracture plane and stilt occupy fracture spaces to greatest extent, to sound wave and other is significant to the experiment of particle contacts relation sensitivity.
The fractured model method for making that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, all applicable in the making of horizontal fracture, dipping fracture and monolete, multiple cracking model etc.The fractured model method for making that the embodiment of the present invention proposes is mainly used in rock acoustic property parameter measurement, also can be used for the measurement of other petrophysical parameter such as resistivity and permeability.
In order to improve the evaluation precision in crack in carbonate reservoir, need to study by experiment the quantitative rule that in carbonate reservoir, crack affects Stoneley wave.The fractured model method for making of the embodiment of the present invention is utilized to make the process with the fractured model of different opening width can carrying out Stoneley wave experiment as follows:
1, principle according to step S101, chooses the full-hole core of certain oil field carbonate reservoir, and diameter is 67mm, and length is 38cm.An obvious natural fracture is there is in selected rock core, for being easy in laboratory, boundary, rock core is divided into two sections with this crack, and the other parts except crack, lithology is dense, significantly do not stitch hole, be convenient to the matrix (not containing rift portion) making natural fracture face and two ends, crack like this.
2, experimentally require selected two sections of full-hole cores to be processed as required shape and size.Because the clamper of Stoneley wave experiment is cylindrical, to the requirement of experiment rock sample be: diameter is less than 70mm, length between 30cm-40mm.Therefore, for selected rock sample, except need by rock core except fracture plane section processing smooth outside, without the need to changing diameter and the length of rock core.
3, select according to the opening width of simulation fracture and point cantact stilt needed for making.In order to the rule decayed to Stoneley wave in quantitative examination crack, need to measure under different fracture opening, the intensity of Stoneley wave before and after crack.In embodiments of the present invention, the experiment of three different fracture openings such as 2mm, 4mm, 6mm is devised.In order to reduce the impact that stilt is propagated Stoneley wave as far as possible, selected element contact stilt makes crack, as selected the stilt 1 shown in Fig. 3 or stilt 2 as stilt.Known by simply calculating, even the crack of 6mm opening width, if adopt stilt 1 (i.e. bead) as stilt, shared by stilt, the ratio of fracture spaces is about 3%, and the impact of propagating Stoneley wave is very little.Therefore, diameter is selected to be respectively the bead of 2mm, 4mm, 6mm as the point cantact stilt making crack.
4, utilize the model matrix made in three identical selected point cantact supporter supports steps 2.According to the geological theorems of " determining a face at 3 ", select three stilts just can build required fractured model, this method, decrease the number of stilt to greatest extent, reduce the impact of stilt fracture response, also make modelling process easy, the fractured model of making has good stationarity simultaneously.For this reason, three diameters are selected to be that the bead of 2mm, 4mm, 6mm supports selected carbonatite base portion respectively.In order to make model more stable, three beads be positioned over equably radius be full-hole core radius 1/2nd circumferentially, and use a small amount of glue bead to be sticked to the one end in crack.
5, the other half matrix of the fractured model made in step 2 put down gently on three point cantact stilts, to be so just made into true core be matrix, there is the fractured model of specific fracture width.
The fractured model of making is put into clamper and carries out sound wave experiment, measure change and the rule of Stoneley wave intensity after the decay of crack.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a fractured model method for making, is characterized in that, described method for making comprises:
Step 1, from object stratum, choose the full-hole core of an existence natural fracture, described full-hole core is divided into two sections with described natural fracture for boundary, makes two sections of full-hole cores form a natural fracture face respectively;
Step 2, the shape of described two sections of full-hole cores and/or size to be processed, make the shape and size of described two sections of full-hole cores meet the specification of clamper;
The opening width of step 3, setting fractured model, makes stilt according to described opening width;
The natural fracture face clamping above support of two sections of full-hole cores after step 4, use processing, and the longitudinal axis of these two sections of full-hole cores is located along the same line.
2. method for making as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 4 specifically comprises:
From two sections of full-hole cores after processing, choose wherein one section, above support is positioned on the natural fracture face of this section of full-hole core;
The natural fracture face of another section of full-hole core is contacted with above support, two sections of full-hole core clampings after making above support processed, and the longitudinal axis of these two sections of full-hole cores is located along the same line.
3. method for making as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Above support is point cantact stilt.
4. method for making as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described point cantact stilt is spherical point contact stilt.
5. method for making as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described point cantact stilt is middle part is rectangle, two ends are hemispheric point cantact stilt.
6. method for making as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that,
The quantity of described point cantact stilt is 3.
7. method for making as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described 3 point cantact stilts are evenly distributed on described natural fracture face.
8. method for making as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described 3 point cantact stilts are bonded on described natural fracture face.
9. the method for making as described in claim arbitrary in claim 1-8, is characterized in that,
The fractured model that described method for making makes is used for Stoneley wave and measures.
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| CN105158141A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 河海大学 | Recyclable coarse fracture high velocity seepage testing apparatus |
| CN106827170A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of fracture-cavity type carbonate artificial rock core and its 3D printing method |
| CN106872229A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of fracture-cavity type carbonate artificial rock core and preparation method thereof |
| CN106881794A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-23 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Fracture-cavity type carbonate seam_cavern type physical model and preparation method thereof |
| CN106872229B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2019-07-23 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of fracture-cavity type carbonate artificial rock core and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109389894A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of microcrack core model |
| CN108007845A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of high temperature fracture seepage simulator for changing fracture opening |
| CN108490490A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Slit band characterizing method, device, electronic equipment and computer storage media |
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| CN108533211B (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2023-08-18 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Complex stratum leakage channel simulation device |
| CN111272630A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-12 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating artificial fracture parameters of compact rock core |
| CN111272630B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating artificial fracture parameters of compact rock core |
| CN112267873A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating formation conditions |
| CN112267873B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-06-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Single-crack profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating formation conditions |
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