CN104406471B - The diversion blasting construction method of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill - Google Patents
The diversion blasting construction method of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The diversion blasting construction method of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill: (1) is by design and arrangement and method for construction throwing levee body; (2) bursting work designing and calculating; (3) retain the mud bag of dike head end protuberance, make it as a part for overlying burden; (4) water extracting mud bag periphery introduces V-shaped groove; (5) bury explosive, detonate; (6) continue jackstone, after reaching balance, slippage stops; (7) dike end on the block stone of side's amount required for once bursting work throwing, dike end rear is continued to increase throwing and is reached designed elevation to levee body constitutional balance is stable, utilizes construction machinery to manage slope; (8) prepare explosion next time, circulate according to this.The present invention can accelerate construction speed, the reduction engineering cost of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill, detected by boring after work, explosive replacement is bottomed respond well, construction technology is simple and easy to do, without the need to Hou Chao operation, bury medicine convenient, this construction technology is significant for guaranteeing construction quality and improving construction speed, has significant application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coastal jackstone dike technical field of construction, be specifically related to the novel construction method of intertidal zone, a kind of coastal area explosive replacement fill, improve before conventional blasting method squeezes construction borehole blasting of becoming silted up and excavate dike head end mud bag, during to guarantee to detonate, dike head has the technical requirement of certain depth of water, by retaining dike head end mud bag, in the V-shaped groove between dike head and mud bag, diversion is to enough degree of depth, increase the burden of local upward direction, ensure that explosion energy is along dike head end forward action, dike head jackstone is sufficient and under the state with certain clay content in the water yield, to sink to caving in dike head front slippage by blast pressure and effect of vibration, make jackstone bottomed respond well, thus improve efficiency of construction and construction quality.
Background technology
Explosive replacement is the conventional construction method of seabed treatment of soft foundation in coastal area embankment, separation levee construction, by blasting elimination bottom silt, realizes the displacement between mud and building stones, continues jackstone and form dike core, levee body structure to designed elevation after explosion.Namely explosive replacement is soft base processing method mud being replaced into building stones, is also levee body structure filling Construction Technique, to form explosive replacement jackstone embankment structure.
Explosive replacement reduces the structural strength of muck foundation by Blast Shock, and utilize stone riprap to conduct oneself with dignity to make quick-fried before be in the stone riprap of poised state to slippage in the mud of intensity reduction place, realize mud-stone displacement.Before explosive replacement construction, along jackstone dike axis direction throwing building stones to the design altitude of explosive treatment and width, form quick-fried front jackstone dike vertical section line, bury in the muck foundation of stone riprap front end " mud-stone " interface outer rim certain distance and the degree of depth and put explosive, ignition charge moment forms cavity in former muck foundation, stone riprap cave in immediately filling cavity formed " stone tongue ", exploded muck foundation simultaneously in stone riprap front and below certain limit reductions, intensity reduce, and silt is squeezed in stone riprap sinking slippage.Continue jackstone after explosion, when mud exceedes its shearing strength by stone riprap effect shear stress, stone riprap is along the front slippage of directional-sliding alignment, and after reaching balance, slippage stops, and continues to increase throwing and reaches designed elevation to jackstone embankment structure balance and stability.Except explosive replacement jackstone embankment structure, explosive replacement technology is widely used in breakwater, shore protection, coastal embankment, and the silt soft soil foundation process of the engineering such as Large Caisson harbour, shipyard slideway and dyke stuffing.
The huge energy that explosive replacement fill construction technology utilizes explosion moment explosive charge to be formed is along dike head end forward action, blast impulse also reduces the former muck foundation structural strength in dike head front and forms cavity, the stone riprap filling cavity that caves in dike head end front and below forms " stone tongue ", advances form explosive replacement jackstone embankment structure along dike axis direction.According to theory of blasting, the huge energy that explosion moment explosive charge is formed always finds and along direction the weakest release, this direction is resistance in the direction of the smallest line, and directional blasting utilizes this principle guide blasting body to assigned direction throwing or cave in exactly.Can the key of explosive replacement fill construction technology successful implementation be guarantee that the huge energy of explosion moment explosive charge formation is along dike head end forward action, namely ensure that jackstone dike dike head end front becomes resistance in the direction of the smallest line, makes stone riprap forwards to sink to caving in slippage.
The whether qualified Main Means that judges explosive replacement jackstone dike construction quality is whether sink down into supporting course bottom muck foundation by drilling test stone riprap, and whether stone riprap reaches bottomed requirement, and namely whether stone riprap replaces former muck foundation completely.Because the physico-mechanical properties of former muck foundation is poor, once jackstone is completely not bottomed, below stone riprap and there is certain thickness sludge interlayer between supporting course, will have a strong impact on the security and stability of explosive replacement jackstone dike.In order to make stone riprap completely bottomed to supporting course in explosive replacement jackstone dike detail design; usually the overlying burden of dike head end front explosion position can be increased to strengthen the mode of the burden of local upward direction; make explosion energy act on forward and downward along dike head end, realize stone riprap forwards sink to caving in slide onto bottomed.If local, dike head end front burden is upwards not enough in blast working, mudstone mixture will be made to dish out upward, even form " chongtian mortar ", cause explosion energy dissipation, and the mud below explosion position can not be extruded by enough, very easily cause sludge interlayer.As can be seen here, the overlying burden increasing dike head end front explosion position, to strengthen the burden of local upward direction, makes explosion energy along dike head end forward action, reduces explosion energy and scatters and disappears, and is the key problem in technology ensureing explosive replacement jackstone dike construction quality.
In coastal area harbor approach construction and reclamation engineering, embankment, separation levee construction are all filled for being extended to greater coasting area by former coastline, and explosive replacement fill construction is in intertidal zone, seabeach mostly, and tidal action range of stage of plunging into the commercial sea is larger.Needing the conversion of the covering depth of water before explosive replacement construction is silt depth or overlying burden, the burden of accurate Calculation local upward direction and resistance in the direction of the smallest line, and select suitable blasting time according to the calculated results and tide water level situation of change, to guarantee that jackstone is bottomed respond well.In the explosive replacement work progress of intertidal zone, the mud bag top mark of dike head end protuberance is high often beyond local mean high tide, due to the requirement of overlying burden and upwards burden, need the enough covering depth of water in the V-shaped groove between jackstone dike head and mud bag as overlying burden.When mud bag top mark height is higher, when only having high tide level, tidewater just can flood mud bag, and between little flood season, high tide level is also difficult to flood mud bag.Because mud bag intercepts, in V-shaped groove, often water level is lower, local burden is upwards comparatively weak, and when only having high tide level, seawater just can flood mud bag and enters in V-shaped groove, near jackstone dike head.Limit by Explosives Order, public security department does not allow bursting work at night, only between large flood season, can implement blast working during high tide level on daytime, the conditions such as the higher and V-shaped groove middle water level of above-mentioned dike head end mud bag absolute altitude is lower restriction has a strong impact on explosive replacement construction speed and construction quality.
For ensureing or increase the burden of covering depth of water drawn game portion upward direction of dike head end front explosion position, the arrangement and method for construction that detail design unit often proposes " depth of water requirement of detonating of certain embankment (separation levee); mud bag will be dug to certain elevation before dike head end detonates; ensure that dike head water level is not less than certain elevation (or certain degree of depth) when detonating ", this just mean detonate at every turn before all partly to excavate dike head end mud bag.Limit by digger arm length, the land bag difficulty of construction that desilts is excessive; And by water depth effect, over-water construction boats and ships are difficult to, near mud bag, take advantage of the high tide level activity duration very short, and interfere with each other with blast working; To desilt bag according to amphibious excavator, high cost, constructs to exist with jackstone and disturbs.
To sum up, in solution intertidal zone tidal action SEA LEVEL VARIATION situation, the dike head end of explosive replacement jackstone dike construction covers the depth of water, explosion position overlying burden and local upwards burden problem, has important and urgent practical significance for raising explosive replacement fill construction speed and construction quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the diversion blasting construction method that the explosive replacement fill of a kind of intertidal zone is provided, by retaining intertidal zone explosive replacement dike head end mud bag, utilize water pump to diversion in the V-shaped groove between dike head and mud bag to enough degree of depth, solve intertidal zone explosive replacement dike head end and cover the depth of water, overlying burden and local upwards burden problem, guarantee that explosion energy is along dike head forward action, stone riprap forwards sinks to caving in and slides onto completely bottomed, improves efficiency of construction and construction quality.
The present invention needs the key problem in technology solved to be: improve and overcome in the construction of conventional intertidal zone explosive replacement and design thereof and excavate before Blasting that dike head end mud bag intercepts, seawater floods mud bag and enters V-shaped groove when taking advantage of high tide level, during to guarantee to detonate, dike head end has the technical requirement of certain depth of water, provides a kind of novel diversion blasting construction process and the complete set technology scheme that are applicable to intertidal zone explosive replacement fill.
The technical scheme completing the invention described above task is, the diversion blasting construction method of a kind of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill, and it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) bursting work designing and calculating, the covering depth of water conversion of being rockfilled by explosive replacement in Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight (see Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight in 4.3.13.1 chapter in " marine traffic engineering blasting technique specification " (JTS204-2008)) is silt depth or overlying burden, to calculate local upwards burden and resistance in the direction of the smallest line;
(2), during intertidal zone explosive replacement fill intertidal zone explosive replacement, retain the mud bag of dike head end protuberance, make it as a part for overlying burden;
(3) the seawater utilizing some water pumps to extract mud bag peripheries introduces V-shaped groove, ensures that water surface elevation is within the scope of 0 ~ 1 meter, below mud bag top, increases further and balances overlying burden and the burden height of dike head end, the dissipation of minimizing explosion energy;
Other preparations of bursting work ready after, detonating charge, stone riprap is sufficient and under the state with certain clay content lubrication in the water yield, " mud-rock flow " is formed by blast pressure and effect of vibration, sink to caving in slippage to dike head front, clamp-on rapidly in mud cavity, formed " the stone tongue " of gentle gradient;
This separate explosion complete after continuation jackstone, make the explosion stone riprap clamp-oned in muck foundation continue under the jackstone load action of top along directional-sliding and continue forwards to sink slippage, stone riprap is bottomed reaches balance after slippage stop;
Dike end on the block stone of side's amount required for once bursting work throwing, dike end rear is continued to increase throwing and is reached designed elevation to levee body constitutional balance is stable, utilizes construction machinery to manage slope;
(7) dike head end forms quick-fried front jackstone dike vertical section line, buries and puts explosive, prepare explosion next time, circulate according to this in the muck foundation of stone riprap front end.
The invention provides the novel diversion blasting construction process and complete set technology scheme that are applicable to the explosive replacement fill of a kind of intertidal zone.By retaining dike head end mud bag, intercepting compared to all or part of bag that desilts, without the need to employing waterborne or amphibious dredging plant, also without the need to taking advantage of climax or low tide operation, significantly reducing construction workload, reducing engineering cost and improving high construction efficiency rate.Adopt some water pumps to diversion in dike head V-shaped groove to enough degree of depth, this simple process is easy, construction is flexible, do not need main equipment, also without the need to Hou Gaochao diversion, the even lower operation of all can drawing water in average sea position, substantially not by Lidar Equation, every day can more than 8 hours activity duration, round-the-clock maintenance high water level in dike head V-shaped groove can be made, even if also can ensure that between little flood season dike head end has the enough covering depth of water.
Retain mud and package Water storage, adopt some water pumps to diversion in dike head V-shaped groove to enough degree of depth, generally can according to the width preparation 2-3 platform water pump of jackstone dike, the covering depth of water in dike head V-shaped groove and dike head end mud bag, jointly as overlying burden, guarantee the action direction of explosion energy.
Because of the covering depth of water acting in conjunction in dike head end mud bag and V-shaped groove, not only increase the load needed for explosive replacement, also make cloth medicine machine bury explosive underground to be more easy to bury to prescribed depth because there being lubricant (water), the enough covering depth of water is kept to have immersion, emollescence to mud in V-shaped groove, increase dike core jackstone to the pressure of the mud that underlies simultaneously, be conducive to stone riprap sinking slippage; Stone riprap is sufficient and under the state with certain clay content in the water yield, form " mud-rock flow " by blast pressure and effect of vibration, slippage of sinking to caving in dike head front, clamp-ons rapidly mud cavity, form " the stone tongue " of gentle gradient, mud and water most important for the formation of this " mud-rock flow ".
The novel diversion blasting construction method of the intertidal zone explosive replacement fill that the present invention proposes, because V-type trough inner water position does not make moist position influence, high tide level need not be waited to carry out explosive replacement construction, make intertidal zone twice bursting work in a day become possibility, greatly accelerate intertidal zone explosive replacement construction speed.To propose and in the process put into practice by being susceptible in the present invention, experienced by " fluting moisturizing " arrive the thinking adjustment of " water pump diversion " and optimize, detection validation after overtesting and work, confirm that the bottomed effect of jackstone of " water pump diversion explosive replacement " construction technology is ideal, very fast development further in the similar engineering of northeast of Jiangsu Province harbor approach construction is applied.The present invention improves and overcomes in the explosive replacement construction of conventional intertidal zone and design thereof the technical requirement of excavating dike head end mud bag before Blasting and intercepting, retain the part of dike head end mud bag as overlying burden, intercept compared to all or part of bag that desilts, without the need to employing waterborne or amphibious dredging plant, without the need to taking advantage of climax or low tide operation, significantly reducing construction workload, reduce engineering cost and improve efficiency of construction.
The novel diversion blasting construction method of intertidal zone of the present invention explosive replacement fill not only accelerates the construction speed of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill greatly, significantly reduce engineering cost, detected by boring after work, explosive replacement is bottomed respond well, and this novel construction process is significant for guaranteeing construction quality and improving construction speed.Novel " diversion explosion " construction technology is simple and easy to do, without the need to Hou Chao operation, and it is convenient to bury medicine, and stone riprap squeezes and becomes silted up bottomed respond well, significantly improves construction quality and efficiency has significant application value.For east China harbour embankment engineering: its embankment overall length 747 meters, conveniently construction method, duration needs 375 days, adopt novel diversion blasting construction method, only need within 125 days, can build up, shorten the duration of 66.67%, save a large amount of machinery, vehicle and artificial cost of idleness, only cancel as calculated and dredge this, just save the construction cost of nearly 400,000.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the diversion blasting construction method of middle intertidal zone explosive replacement of the present invention fill, along the technical schematic diagram of dike axis direction.In figure: jackstone frontal line 1 before explosion, stone riprap frontal line 2 after explosion, dike head front end mud bag 3, dike end adds throws block stone 4, supporting course 5 bottom mud, the stone riprap stone tongue 6 formed after explosion, explosive 7, dike head water level 8, mean tide tlevel 9, in water pump diversion to V-shaped groove 10, former muck foundation 11, jackstone levee body structure 12.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, prioritization scheme and technical step clearly understand, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete case study on implementation, the inventive method is described in further detail.Concrete case study on implementation described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1, the diversion blasting construction method of intertidal zone explosive replacement fill.With reference to Fig. 1:
(1) bursting work designing and calculating, rockfill explosive replacement Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight, the covering depth of water conversion in " marine traffic engineering blasting technique specification " (JTS204-2008) in 4.3.13.1 chapter in Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight is adopted to be silt depth or overlying burden, to calculate local upwards burden and resistance in the direction of the smallest line:
q′
L＝q
oL
HH
mw
Q ' in formula
l-line cloth dose (kg/m), the dose namely unit cloth medicine length distributed, explosive is No. 2 rock dynamites, adopts during other explosives and determines by Appendix B:
Q
o-explosive specific charge (kg/m
3), namely quick-fried except the dose needed for unit volume mud, choose by table 4.3.13-1;
L
h-blasting discharging sedimentation rockfills the horizontal range (m) once advanced, and chooses by table 4.3.13-2;
H
mw-count conversion silt depth (m) covering the depth of water;
H
m-displacement silt depth (m), containing mud bag bump height;
γ
w-water severe (kN/m
3);
γ
m-mud severe (kN/m
3);
H
w-cover the depth of water (m), the depth of water namely more than mud face.
(2), during intertidal zone explosive replacement fill intertidal zone explosive replacement, retain the mud bag 3 of dike head end protuberance, make it as a part for overlying burden;
(3) the seawater 9 utilizing some water pumps to extract mud bag 3 peripheries introduces V-shaped groove 10, to enough height (or degree of depth) 8, increases further and balances overlying burden and the burden height of dike head end, the dissipation of minimizing explosion energy;
Other preparations of bursting work ready after, detonating charge 7, stone riprap 1 and 4 is sufficient and under the state with certain clay content lubrication in the water yield 8, " mud-rock flow " is formed by blast pressure and effect of vibration, sink to caving in slippage to dike head front, clamp-on rapidly in mud 11 cavity, form " the stone tongue " 6 of gentle gradient;
This separate explosion complete after continuation levee body jackstone, make explosion clamp-on stone tongue in muck foundation 11 and continue forwards to sink slippage, stone riprap is bottomed reaches balance after slippage stop 2;
Dike end on the block stone 4 of side's amount required for once bursting work throwing, dike end rear is continued to increase throwing and is reached designed elevation to levee body constitutional balance is stable, utilizes construction machinery to manage slope;
(7) dike head end forms quick-fried front jackstone dike vertical section line 1, buries and puts explosive 7, prepare explosion next time, circulate according to this in the muck foundation of stone riprap front end.
Claims (2)
1. a diversion blasting construction method for intertidal zone explosive replacement fill, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) bursting work designing and calculating, the covering depth of water conversion of being rockfilled by explosive replacement in Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight is silt depth or overlying burden, to calculate local upwards burden and resistance in the direction of the smallest line;
(2), during intertidal zone explosive replacement fill intertidal zone explosive replacement, retain the mud bag of dike head end protuberance, make it as a part for overlying burden;
(3) the water utilizing some water pumps to extract mud bag peripheries introduces V-shaped groove, ensures that water surface elevation is within the scope of 0 ~ 1 meter, below mud bag top, increases further and balances overlying burden and the burden height of dike head end, the dissipation of minimizing explosion energy;
Other preparations of bursting work ready after, detonating charge, stone riprap is sufficient and under the state with certain clay content lubrication in the water yield, " mud-rock flow " is formed by blast pressure and effect of vibration, sink to caving in slippage to dike head front, clamp-on rapidly in mud cavity, formed " the stone tongue " of gentle gradient;
This separate explosion complete after continuation jackstone, make explosion clamp-on stone tongue in muck foundation and continue forwards to sink slippage, stone riprap is bottomed reaches balance after slippage stop;
Dike end on the block stone of side's amount required for once bursting work throwing, dike end rear is continued to increase throwing and is reached designed elevation to levee body constitutional balance is stable, utilizes construction machinery to manage slope;
(7) dike head end forms quick-fried front jackstone dike vertical section line, buries and puts explosive, prepare explosion next time, circulate according to this in the muck foundation of stone riprap front end;
Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight in computing formula employing " marine traffic engineering blasting technique specification " JTS204-2008 that step is (1) described in 4.3.13.1 chapter.
2. the diversion blasting construction method of intertidal zone according to claim 1 explosive replacement fill, is characterized in that, step (3) described in utilize some water pumps, refer to: according to the width preparation 2-3 platform water pump of jackstone dike.
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| CN105421289B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-08-08 | 宁波大学 | The compacting mud by explosion method of sea wall is built on the tidal land of slope |
| CN109975523B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-06-29 | 华侨大学 | Method for predicting engineering property of explosive silt-squeezing mixed layer |
| CN110287597B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-10-14 | 河海大学 | Method for calculating sudden increase of suspended sand in sea area in initial stage caused by blasting and silt squeezing |
| CN112729030A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 温州大学 | All-weather construction method for intertidal zone blasting and silt squeezing |
| CN113202055B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-04-22 | 华能霞浦核电有限公司 | Closed square embankment construction method |
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| CN103114597A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波高新区围海工程技术开发有限公司 | Environment protection explosion squeezing silting embanking method |
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| CN103114597A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波高新区围海工程技术开发有限公司 | Environment protection explosion squeezing silting embanking method |
| CN103114558A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波高新区围海工程技术开发有限公司 | Steep slope zone blast slit squeezing embanking method |
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