CN104404503B - 可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法 - Google Patents

可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104404503B
CN104404503B CN201410667400.8A CN201410667400A CN104404503B CN 104404503 B CN104404503 B CN 104404503B CN 201410667400 A CN201410667400 A CN 201410667400A CN 104404503 B CN104404503 B CN 104404503B
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卢朝霞
黄幸
黄伊琳
周庆云
王继鹏
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Guangxi University
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Abstract

本发明公开了可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法，包括基底的处理、涂层溶液的制备、金属丝网涂覆处理三个步骤。本发明的制备方法可以在复杂结构表面上大面积的制备，工艺简单，原料易得，成本低，制备的油、水分离涂层水接触角大于150°，滚动角小于5°，分离效率大于98％，具有良好的油、水分离性和防腐性。

Description

可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属表面改性技术，具体涉及可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法。
背景技术
石油资源是世界各国经济发展的战略资源，大部分石油是通过水上，特别是通过海上进行开采和运输的。以中国为例，中国进口石油90％依赖海上运输，溢油事故险情不断。美国墨西哥湾原油泄漏事件，引起世人高度关注，全世界为之震惊。因此，在目前国内外工业生产，特别是石油工业的生产过程中，研究开发新型高效的油水分离技术尤为迫切。
科学研究表明,重力分离式的油和水分离现象是由粗糙结构表面和低表面能这两方面因素共同决定。油、水分离表面具有很多独特的表面特性：如自清洁性、防污性、防雾和防结冰等。这些优点使得其在人类生产和生活的各个领域都具有巨大的潜在应用前景。然而在自然环境中，油、水分离表面很容易遭到破坏：一方面是由于大气中的沙尘污染或阳光中的紫外线对油、水分离涂层的低表面能物质的破坏，另一方面是由于机械外力破坏了分离涂层表面的结构。因此，制备一种牢固的分离涂层来延长其使用寿命就变得尤为重要。
金属丝网如不锈钢丝网、铜丝网和铝丝网在我国传统的工业品，在科研、生产和生活等许多领域具有广泛的用途。随着科学技术的高速发展，目前金属丝网用途及石油、化工、汽车、造纸、食品、建筑、航空、航天等产业和高科技领域。因此，对于新型高效的油水分离技术的需求是广泛和迫切的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种可以在复杂结构表面上大面积制备，工艺简单，原料易得，成本低，制备的油、水分离涂层具有良好的油水分离性能和防腐性，可延长金属丝网的使用寿命的可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法，包括以下步骤：
<1>基底的处理：将金属丝网在丙酮中超声清洗，然后用氮气干燥，再在乙醇中超声清洗，取出并氮气吹干；
<2>涂层溶液的制备：将碳纳米管粉末置于氯仿溶剂中，超声分散3-10分钟，得到均匀溶液相，质量体积浓度为0.1—1g/L；将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入该溶液相中形成质量体积浓度为0.01—1g/L的复合溶液；
<3>金属丝网涂覆处理：将步骤<2>所得复合溶液涂覆于金属丝网表面，用氮气干燥金属丝网或烘烤金属丝网后在干燥环境中冷却至室温。
所述步骤<1>中在丙酮中和在乙醇中超声清洗的时间均为10分钟。
所述步骤<2>中的碳纳米管为单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管。
所述步骤<2>中的聚二甲基硅氧烷，用聚四甲基硅氧烷或环五聚二甲基硅氧烷代替。
所述步骤<3>中烘烤的温度为90摄氏度，烘烤时间为1小时。
所述步骤<3>中涂覆的方法为浸涂、旋涂或喷涂。
所述的金属丝网材料为银、铜、铬、金、铝、钛、钢、铁或钨。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1、可以在复杂结构表面上大面积的制备；
2、工艺简单，原料易得，成本低；
3、制备的油、水分离涂层水接触角大于150°，滚动角小于5°，分离效率大于等于98％，具有良好的油水分离性能和防腐性。
具体实施方式：
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1:
先将钢丝网浸泡在丙酮中超声清洗10分钟。取出用氮气干燥后，置入乙醇中再超声清洗10分钟，取出并氮气吹干。将1克单壁碳纳米管粉末置于1升氯仿溶剂中，超声分散10分钟，得到均匀溶液相；将1克聚二甲基硅氧烷加入分散好的溶液相中制备碳纳米管聚二甲基硅氧烷复合溶液。将清洗后的钢丝网垂直水平面悬挂并以600毫米/分钟的速度浸入上述复合溶液中并停留5分钟，然后以300毫米/分钟的速度提拉出来。涂覆有碳纳米管聚二甲基硅氧烷复合溶液的钢丝网置于90摄氏度烘箱中加热1小时，取出后，在干燥皿中冷却至室温。所制备的油、水分离涂层，其接触角为156°，滚动角小于2°，油水分离效率99％。
实施例2:
铝丝网的清洗、干燥同实施例1。
将0.8克双壁碳纳米管粉末置于1升氯仿溶剂，超声分散8分钟，得到均匀溶液相；将500毫克聚二甲基硅氧烷加入分散好的溶液相中制备出碳纳米管聚二甲基硅氧烷复合溶液。将清洗后的铝丝网采用喷涂方法将碳纳米管聚二甲基硅氧烷复合溶液涂覆在铝丝网表面。喷涂过程使用连接在氮气上的喷枪进行，压强控制在4Bar，喷涂距离为10cm，喷涂量为0.5mL/cm2。将铝丝网水平放置并氮气吹干。所制备的油、水分离涂层，其接触角为152°，滚动角小于2°，油水分离效率98％。
实施例3:
铜丝网的清洗、干燥同实施例1。
将0.5克多壁碳纳米管粉末置于1升氯仿溶剂中，超声分散5分钟，得到均匀溶液相；将80毫克聚四甲基硅氧烷加入分散好的溶液相中制备出碳纳米管聚四甲基硅氧烷复合溶液。将清洗后的铜丝网通过喷涂方法将碳纳米管聚四甲基硅氧烷复合溶液涂覆在铜丝网表面。喷涂过程使用连接在氮气上的喷枪进行，喷涂压强控制在4Bar，喷涂距离为10cm，喷涂量为0.5mL/cm2。将铜丝网水平放置并氮气吹干。所制备的油、水分离涂层，其接触角为158°，滚动角小于2°，油水分离效率98％。
实施例4：
不锈钢丝网的清洗、干燥同实施例1。
将0.1克多壁碳纳米管粉末置于1升氯仿溶剂中，超声分散3分钟，得到均匀溶液相；将10毫克环五聚二甲基硅氧烷加入分散好的溶液相中制备出碳纳米管环五聚二甲基硅氧烷复合溶液。将清洗后的不锈钢丝网垂直水平面悬挂并以300毫米/分钟的速度浸入上述复合溶液中并停留3分钟，然后以100毫米/分钟的速度提拉出来。涂覆有碳纳米管环五聚二甲基硅氧烷复合溶液的不锈钢丝网置于90摄氏度烘箱中加热1小时，然后在干燥皿中冷却至室温。所制备的油、水分离涂层，其接触角为155°，滚动角小于2°，油水分离效率98％。

Claims (1)

1.可分离油水混合物的金属丝网制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
<1>基底的处理：将金属丝网在丙酮中超声清洗，然后用氮气干燥，再在乙醇中超声清洗，取出并氮气吹干；
<2>涂层溶液的制备：将碳纳米管粉末置于氯仿溶剂中，超声分散3-10分钟，得到均匀溶液相，质量体积浓度为0.1—1g/L；将聚二甲基硅氧烷或聚四甲基硅氧烷或环五聚二甲基硅氧烷加入该溶液相中形成质量体积浓度为0.01—1g/L的复合溶液；
<3>金属丝网浸涂处理：将步骤<2>所得复合溶液涂覆于金属丝网表面，用氮气干燥金属丝网后在干燥环境中冷却至室温；
所述步骤<1>中在丙酮中和在乙醇中超声清洗的时间均为10分钟；
所述步骤<2>中的碳纳米管为单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管；
所述的金属丝网材料为银、铜、铬、金、铝、钛、钢、铁或钨；
所述步骤<3>中涂覆的方法为浸涂、旋涂或喷涂。
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