CN104401979B - The phase transfer preparation method of graphene-based composite aerogel - Google Patents

The phase transfer preparation method of graphene-based composite aerogel Download PDF

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CN104401979B
CN104401979B CN201410604143.3A CN201410604143A CN104401979B CN 104401979 B CN104401979 B CN 104401979B CN 201410604143 A CN201410604143 A CN 201410604143A CN 104401979 B CN104401979 B CN 104401979B
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graphene
low
based composite
composite aerogel
graphene oxide
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CN104401979A (en
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张学同
孙瑞
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Suzhou Institute of Nano Tech and Nano Bionics of CAS
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Suzhou Institute of Nano Tech and Nano Bionics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses the phase transfer preparation method of a kind of graphene-based composite aerogel, including: graphene oxide is scattered in alkalescence or neutral aqueous solution, form stable graphene oxide dispersion, and low-dimension nano material is scattered in the aqueous solution containing surfactant, form stable low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid;Described graphene oxide solution is mixed homogeneously, through phase transition behavior with described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid, it is thus achieved that graphene oxide and the stable dispersions of low-dimension nano material, then hydrothermal treatment obtains graphene-based composite aquogel;And, obtained graphene-based composite aquogel is dried process, it is thus achieved that target product.The technique of the present invention is the most controlled, and environmental protection is with low cost, can be mass-produced, obtained composite aerogel novel structure, there is good mechanical, electric property etc., can be as electrode material, the such as application such as electrode material for super capacitor or organic-fuel adsorbent.

Description

The phase transfer preparation method of graphene-based composite aerogel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of graphene-based aeroge, be specifically related to the system of a kind of graphene-based composite aerogel Preparation Method, belongs to nano-porous materials technical field.
Background technology
At present, the research of graphene-based aerogel composite receives much concern.Graphene-based composite aerogel material Material is compared to simple graphene aerogel, and it not only possesses the high connductivity of graphene aerogel, high-ratio surface The features such as long-pending, low-density, on the other hand, graphene-based aerogel composite also table goes out the property of guest materials Can, Graphene can be compound with the nanometer sheet of the nano-particle of zero dimension, one-dimensional nano wire and two dimension etc., Form graphene-based aerogel composite, the kind of these guest materials relate to metal, metal-oxide, The material such as inorganic matter and macromolecule.The current method preparing graphene-based composite aerogel mainly has the most raw Regular way and two kinds of methods of mechanical mixture.In situ synthesis is to be mixed by the presoma of Graphene with low-dimension nano material Conjunction liquid is through pyroprocess, and on graphene sheet layer, growth in situ goes out low-dimension nano material, although the method is relatively Simplicity, but this process is difficult to the control of low-dimension nano material size in composite aerogel, it is difficult to obtain Latitude is homogeneous, the nano material of size uniformity;Mechanical mixing can well control object nano material Latitude and the homogeneity of size, but used object nano material must be stablized by certain surfactant To suppress its agglomeration, the graphene-based composite Nano aeroge that the method obtains remains surface activity Agent, it is difficult to give full play of feature and the advantage of low-dimension nano material itself.
In view of the deficiency in above graphene-based composite aerogel preparation method, industry is in the urgent need to developing one Plant and can control object nano material size and the homogeneity of dimension in Graphene composite aerogel very well, again can The method well playing object low-dimension nano material self character prepares graphene-based composite aerogel.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, present invention is primarily targeted at a kind of graphene-based compound gas of offer The phase transfer preparation method of gel, the graphene-based composite aerogel utilizing the method to obtain can either keep stone The ink original feature structure of alkene, has been assigned again new diversification performance, has excellent conduction, heat conduction etc. concurrently Performance.
For realizing aforementioned invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention includes:
The phase transfer preparation method of a kind of graphene-based composite aerogel, comprises the steps:
By can the stable existence graphene oxide solution of more than 1 day with can stable existence more than 1 day low Dimension nano material dispersion liquid mix homogeneously, through phase transition behavior, it is thus achieved that graphene oxide and low-dimensional nanometer material The stable dispersions of material;
The stable dispersions of described graphene oxide Yu low-dimension nano material is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, obtains graphite Thiazolinyl composite aquogel;
And, obtained graphene-based composite aquogel is dried process, it is thus achieved that described graphene-based compound Aeroge.
Further, the aperture of described graphene-based composite aerogel is 1nm~4 μm, porosity 75.0-99.5%, density is 0.02-0.5g/cm3, specific surface area is 100-900m2/ g, electrical conductivity is 0.1~100 S/m。
Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that
(1) the obtained aeroge of the present invention not only achieves Graphene and low-dimension nano material size uniformity, dimension Homogeneous is compound, and aeroge has good mechanical performance, and avoids other surfactants in low-dimensional The parcel of nano-material surface, has given full play to the advantage that low-dimension nano material is special with Graphene itself.
(2) the aeroge preparation technology of the present invention is simple, environmental protection, be suitable to large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to enforcement In example or description of the prior art, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, describe below In accompanying drawing be only some embodiments described in the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, On the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the scanning electron microscope of graphene-polypyrrole nano-particles reinforcement aeroge in embodiment 1 is shone Sheet;
Fig. 2 is the electron scanning micrograph of Graphene in embodiment 2-nano silver wire composite aerogel;
Fig. 3 is the electron scanning micrograph of ink alkene-tungsten oxide nano composite aerogel in embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is the electron scanning micrograph of ink alkene-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet composite aerogel in embodiment 4.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out in detail Thin description, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work On the premise of the every other embodiment that obtained, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
As it was previously stated, in view of existing graphene-based composite aerogel class material is in the aspect such as performance, preparation technology All Shortcomings, inventor, through studying for a long period of time and putting into practice in a large number, is proposed technical scheme, It mainly with graphene oxide and low-dimension nano material as initial reactant, is particularly made with graphene oxide Homogeneously mix with the nano material of low-dimensional for a kind of surfactant, by stirring, ultrasonic disperse, phase transfer, The solution stable by graphene oxide will be changed into by the low-dimension nano material solution that surfactant is stable, then The simple operations such as hydrothermal treatment and supercritical drying obtains the Graphene-low-dimensional nanometer with three dimensional structure form Material cladding aeroge.
Further say, the phase transfer preparation method bag of a kind of graphene-based composite aerogel that the present invention provides Include:
By can the stable existence graphene oxide solution of more than 1 day with can stable existence more than 1 day low Dimension nano material dispersion liquid mix homogeneously, through phase transition behavior, it is thus achieved that graphene oxide and low-dimensional nanometer material The stable dispersions of material;
The stable dispersions of described graphene oxide Yu low-dimension nano material is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, obtains graphite Thiazolinyl composite aquogel;
And, obtained graphene-based composite aquogel is dried process, it is thus achieved that described graphene-based compound Aeroge.
Further, the phase transfer preparation method of described graphene-based composite aerogel includes: by graphite oxide Alkene is scattered in alkalescence or neutral aqueous solution, forms described graphene oxide dispersion.
Further, the phase transfer preparation method of described graphene-based composite aerogel includes: by low-dimensional nanometer Material is scattered in the aqueous solution containing surfactant, forms low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid.
More preferred, the concentration of described graphene oxide dispersion is 0.4mg/mL~15mg/mL.
Aforementioned oxidation Graphene can be by suitable method known in the art, prepared by such as Hummers chemical method.
More preferred, it is 10 that described alkaline aqueous solution comprises concentration-4~the alkaline matter of 1.0mol/L.
Wherein, described alkaline matter is selected from but is not limited to potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
More preferred, the concentration of described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid is 1mg/mL~50mg/mL.
More preferred, it is 1mg/mL~100mg/mL that described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid is contained within concentration Surfactant.
Wherein, described surfactant is at least selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, Any one in dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, brocide, ammonium lauryl sulfate, but do not limit In this.
Among one more preferred embodiment, step (3) including:
In room temperature environment, described graphene oxide solution is mixed with described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid, And agitated and/or ultrasonic disperse, then through phase transition behavior, it is thus achieved that graphene oxide and low-dimension nano material Stable dispersions.
Particularly preferably, the operating condition of aforementioned stirring includes: stir with the speed of 10~10000 revs/min 1min~900min.
Wherein, the mode of stirring can be machinery, magnetic agitation etc..
Particularly preferably, the scattered condition of aforementioned ultrasonic includes: ultrasonic time is 0.5min~200min, ultrasonic Power is 50~1000W, and supersonic frequency is 50~100KHz.
Among one more preferred embodiment, described graphene oxide divides with the stable of low-dimension nano material In dissipating liquid, contained graphene oxide is 100:1~1:100 with the mass ratio of low-dimension nano material.
Among one more preferred embodiment, in step (3), phase transition behavior is washing centrifugal process, Wherein, the number of times that washing is centrifuged is 1~50 time, and centrifugal rotational speed is 1000~10000 revs/min.
Among one more preferred embodiment, described in step (4), hydrothermal treatment consists temperature is 80 DEG C ~180 DEG C, the time is 5~96h.
Among one more preferred embodiment, the drying mode used in step (5) includes lyophilization Or supercritical drying.
Being more highly preferred to, the condition that foregoing freeze is dried includes: cryogenic temperature is-20 DEG C~-170 DEG C, is dried temperature Degree is 0 DEG C~80 DEG C, and vacuum is 100~60000Pa, and drying time is 2~48h.
Being more highly preferred to, aforementioned supercritical drying includes:
Use small molecular alcohol or little molecule ketone to aqueous solvent present in described graphene-based composite aquogel and Soluble reaction thing, product are replaced, it is thus achieved that graphene-based compound alcogel or graphene-based multiple Close ketone gel,
And, use Supercritical Ethanol or supercritical carbon dioxide to described graphene-based compound alcogel or Graphene-based compound ketone gel is dried, it is thus achieved that described graphene-based composite aerogel.
Wherein, described small molecular alcohol can be selected for but is not limited to ethanol.
Wherein, described little molecule ketone can be selected for but is not limited to acetone.
Such as, in an exemplary embodiments, the phase transfer preparation method bag of described graphene-based composite aerogel Include following steps:
(1) being scattered in by graphene oxide in alkalescence or neutral aqueous solution, formation can stable existence 1 day Above, particularly 1 day~the graphene oxide dispersion of 300 days;
(2) being scattered in the aqueous solution of surface activity by low-dimension nano material, formation can stable existence 1 day Above, particularly 1 day~the dispersion liquid of 300 days;
(3) described graphene oxide solution is placed in room temperature environment, adds low-dimension nano material dispersion, mixed Close uniformly, through phase transition behavior, obtain the stable dispersions of graphene oxide and low-dimension nano material;
(4) stable dispersions of graphene oxide Yu low-dimension nano material is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, obtain graphite Thiazolinyl composite aquogel;
(5) obtained graphene-based composite aquogel is carried out lyophilization or supercritical drying, it is thus achieved that described Graphene-based composite aerogel.
Further, the aperture utilizing graphene-based composite aerogel prepared by preceding method is 1nm~4 μm, Porosity 75.0-99.5%, density is 0.02-0.5g/cm3, specific surface area is 100-900m2/ g, electrical conductivity is 0.1~100S/m.
The graphene-based composite aerogel of the present invention can be as electrode material, such as electrode of super capacitor material The application such as material or organic-fuel adsorbent.
The aerogel structure of the present invention is novel, has good mechanical, an electric property etc., and preparation technology letter, Environmental protection, can be mass-produced.
Below by way of some embodiments and combine accompanying drawing further describe technical scheme.But, Selected embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not intended to and the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: graphene oxide dispersion is configured to the solution of 8mg/mL, stirs 20 minutes, super Sound 30 minutes, it is thus achieved that disperse homogeneous graphene oxide solution, this takes solution 10mL;4mg/mL polypyrrole The polyvinylpyrrolidonesolution solution of nano-particle, wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 5mg/mL, takes this Solution 10mL joins in above-mentioned graphene oxide solution, stirs 30 minutes, more ultrasonic 15 minutes, obtain The graphene oxide of mix homogeneously-uniform mixed liquor of polypyrrole nano-particle;The oxidation of mix homogeneously that will obtain The dispersion liquid of Graphene and polypyrrole nano-particle carries out phase transfer, and (centrifugal washing 10 times, centrifugal rotational speed is 10000 revs/min), the dispersion liquid of graphene oxide phase transfer completed-polypyrrole nano-particle is transferred to gather In tetrafluoroethene reactor, carry out hydrothermal treatment consists and obtain graphene-polypyrrole nano-particles reinforcement hydrogel, water The condition of heat is 180 degree, 12h.The hydrogel obtained is obtained graphene-polypyrrole through alcohol solvent displacement Nano-particles reinforcement alcogel, afterwards by graphene-polypyrrole nano-particles reinforcement alcogel through supercritical two Carbonoxide is dried, and obtains graphene-polypyrrole nano-particles reinforcement aeroge, is denoted as rGO-PPy.
The microcosmic of graphene-polypyrrole nano-particles reinforcement aeroge (rGO-PPy) prepared in this embodiment Structure is shown in Fig. 1.
The structure of graphene-polypyrrole nano-particles reinforcement aeroge (rGO-PPy) prepared in this embodiment And performance parameter is shown in Table in 1.
Embodiment 2: graphene oxide dispersion is configured to the solution of 8mg/mL, stirs 20 minutes, super Sound 30 minutes, it is thus achieved that disperse homogeneous graphene oxide solution, this takes solution 10mL;4mg/mL silver nanoparticle The polyvinylpyrrolidonesolution solution of line, wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 5mg/mL, takes this solution 10mL joins in above-mentioned graphene oxide solution, stirs 30 minutes, more ultrasonic 15 minutes, mixed The uniform uniform mixed liquor of graphene oxide-nano silver wire;By the graphene oxide of mix homogeneously obtained and silver The dispersion liquid of nano wire carries out phase transfer (centrifugal washing 10 times, centrifugal rotational speed is 10000 revs/min), will The dispersion liquid of graphene oxide-nano silver wire that phase transfer completes is transferred to, in politef reactor, carry out Hydrothermal treatment consists obtains Graphene-nano silver wire composite aquogel, and the condition of hydro-thermal is 180 degree, 12h.To obtain Hydrogel through alcohol solvent displacement obtain Graphene-nano silver wire be combined alcogel, afterwards by Graphene- Nano silver wire is combined alcogel and is dried through supercritical carbon dioxide, obtains Graphene-nano silver wire and is combined airsetting Glue, is denoted as rGO-Ag NWs.
The microcosmic knot of the Graphene-nano silver wire composite aerogel (rGO-Ag NWs) prepared in this embodiment Structure is shown in Fig. 2.
In this embodiment prepare Graphene-nano silver wire composite aerogel (rGO-Ag NWs) structure and Performance parameter is shown in Table in 1.
Embodiment 3: graphene oxide dispersion is configured to the solution of 8mg/mL, stirs 20 minutes, super Sound 30 minutes, it is thus achieved that disperse homogeneous graphene oxide solution, this takes solution 10mL;4mg/mL tungsten oxide The polyvinylpyrrolidonesolution solution of nano wire, wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 5mg/mL, takes this molten Liquid 10mL joins in above-mentioned graphene oxide solution, stirs 30 minutes, more ultrasonic 15 minutes, mixed Close the uniform uniform mixed liquor of graphene oxide-tungsten oxide nano;The graphite oxide of mix homogeneously that will obtain The dispersion liquid of alkene and tungsten oxide nano carries out phase transfer, and (centrifugal washing 10 times, centrifugal rotational speed is 10000 turns / minute), the dispersion liquid of graphene oxide-tungsten oxide nano phase transfer completed transfers to politef In reactor, carrying out hydrothermal treatment consists and obtain Graphene-tungsten oxide nano composite aquogel, the condition of hydro-thermal is 180 degree, 12h.Through alcohol solvent displacement, the hydrogel obtained is obtained Graphene-tungsten oxide nano be combined Alcogel, is combined alcogel is dried Graphene-tungsten oxide nano through supercritical carbon dioxide afterwards, To Graphene-tungsten oxide nano composite aerogel, it is denoted as rGO-W18O49
Graphene-tungsten oxide nano composite aerogel (the rGO-W prepared in this embodiment18O49) microcosmic Structure is shown in Fig. 3.
Graphene-tungsten oxide nano composite aerogel (the rGO-W prepared in this embodiment18O49) structure And performance parameter is shown in Table in 1.
Embodiment 4: graphene oxide dispersion is configured to the solution of 8mg/mL, stirs 20 minutes, super Sound 30 minutes, it is thus achieved that disperse homogeneous graphene oxide solution, this takes solution 10mL;4mg/mL curing The polyvinylpyrrolidonesolution solution of molybdenum nanometer sheet, wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 5mg/mL, takes this Solution 10mL joins in above-mentioned graphene oxide solution, stirs 30 minutes, more ultrasonic 15 minutes, obtain The uniform mixed liquor of graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet of mix homogeneously;The oxidation of mix homogeneously that will obtain The dispersion liquid of Graphene and molybdenum disulfide nano sheet carries out phase transfer, and (centrifugal washing 10 times, centrifugal rotational speed is 10000 revs/min), the dispersion liquid of graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet phase transfer completed is transferred to gather In tetrafluoroethene reactor, carry out hydrothermal treatment consists and obtain Graphene-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet composite aquogel, water The condition of heat is 180 degree, 12h.The hydrogel obtained is obtained Graphene-curing through alcohol solvent displacement Molybdenum nanometer sheet is combined alcogel, afterwards Graphene-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet is combined alcogel through supercritical two Carbonoxide is dried, and obtains Graphene-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet composite aerogel, is denoted as rGO-MoS2
Graphene-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet composite aerogel (the rGO-MoS prepared in this embodiment2) microcosmic Structure is shown in Fig. 4.
Graphene-molybdenum disulfide nano sheet composite aerogel (the rGO-MoS prepared in this embodiment2) structure And performance parameter is shown in Table in 1.
Summarizing it, compared with existing Graphene composite aerogel preparation technology, on the one hand the technique of the present invention keep away Exempt from surfactant to stablize low-dimension nano material, on the other hand it also avoid in situ synthesis side in dimension And the uncontrollability in terms of size, it is thus possible to play the low-dimension nano material as object itself greatly Distinctive performance, the graphene-based composite aerogel obtained not only has the high-ratio surface of graphene aerogel The characteristics such as long-pending, excellent electric conductivity, and show low-dimension nano material diversification performance, further expand The range of application of graphene-based composite aerogel.
Graphene-based composite aerogel structure and performance parameters in table 1. embodiment 1-4
It should be noted that in this article, term " includes ", " comprising " or its any other variant are intended to Contain comprising of nonexcludability, so that include the process of a series of key element, method, article or equipment Not only include those key elements, but also include other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this The key element that the process of kind, method, article or equipment are intrinsic.
It should be pointed out that, that the above is only the detailed description of the invention of the present invention, common for the art For technical staff, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, These improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a phase transfer preparation method for graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by comprising the steps:
By can the stable existence graphene oxide solution of more than 1 day with can stable existence more than 1 day low Dimension nano material dispersion liquid mix homogeneously, through phase transition behavior, it is thus achieved that graphene oxide and low-dimensional nanometer material The stable dispersions of material, described phase transition behavior is washing centrifugal process, and wherein washing centrifugal number of times is 1~50 Secondary, centrifugal rotational speed is 1000~10000 revs/min;
The stable dispersions of described graphene oxide Yu low-dimension nano material is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, obtains graphite Thiazolinyl composite aquogel, described hydrothermal treatment consists temperature is 80 DEG C~180 DEG C, and the time is 5~96h;
And, obtained graphene-based composite aquogel is dried process, it is thus achieved that described graphene-based compound Aeroge.
The phase transfer preparation method of the most graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by Including: graphene oxide is scattered in alkalescence or neutral aqueous solution, forms the dispersion of described graphene oxide Liquid, and the concentration of described graphene oxide dispersion is 0.4mg/mL~15mg/mL.
The phase transfer preparation method of the most graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by: It is 10 that described alkaline aqueous solution comprises concentration-4~the alkaline matter of 1.0mol/L, described alkaline matter includes hydrogen-oxygen Change potassium or sodium hydroxide.
The phase transfer preparation method of the most graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by Including: low-dimension nano material is scattered in the aqueous solution containing surfactant, forms low-dimension nano material Dispersion liquid, and the concentration of described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid is 1mg/mL~50mg/mL.
The phase transfer preparation method of the most graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by: Described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid is contained within the surfactant that concentration is 1mg/mL~100mg/mL, institute State surfactant at least selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, detergent alkylate Any one in sodium sulfonate, brocide, ammonium lauryl sulfate.
The phase transfer preparation method of the most graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by Including: in room temperature environment, described graphene oxide solution is mixed with described low-dimension nano material dispersion liquid, And stir 1min~900min and/or ultrasonic disperse 0.5min~200min with the speed of 10~10000 revs/min, Again through phase transition behavior, it is thus achieved that graphene oxide and the stable dispersions of low-dimension nano material.
7. according to the phase transfer preparation method of composite aerogel graphene-based described in claim 1 or 6, feature It is described graphene oxide and contained graphene oxide and low wiener in the stable dispersions of low-dimension nano material The mass ratio of rice material is 100:1~1:100.
The phase transfer preparation method of the most graphene-based composite aerogel, is characterised by The drying mode that described dried uses includes lyophilization or supercritical drying;
Wherein, cryodesiccated condition includes: cryogenic temperature is-20 DEG C~-170 DEG C, baking temperature be 0 DEG C~ 80 DEG C, vacuum is 100~60000Pa, and drying time is 2~48h;
Wherein, supercritical drying includes:
Use small molecular alcohol or little molecule ketone to aqueous solvent present in described graphene-based composite aquogel and Soluble reaction thing, product are replaced, it is thus achieved that graphene-based compound alcogel or graphene-based multiple Closing ketone gel, described small molecular alcohol includes that ethanol, described little molecule ketone include acetone,
And, use Supercritical Ethanol or supercritical carbon dioxide to described graphene-based compound alcogel or Graphene-based compound ketone gel is dried, it is thus achieved that described graphene-based composite aerogel.
9. the graphene-based composite aerogel prepared by method according to any one of claim 1-8, its feature exists Being 1nm~4 μm in the aperture of described graphene-based composite aerogel, porosity 75.0-99.5%, density is 0.02-0.5g/cm3, specific surface area is 100-900m2/ g, electrical conductivity is 0.1~100S/m.
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