CN104399984B - Preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgical soft magnetic material for magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch - Google Patents
Preparation method of iron-based powder metallurgical soft magnetic material for magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an iron-based powder metallurgical soft magnetic material for a magnetic pole and an electromagnetic switch. The method comprises the following steps: firstly adding a forming agent, which is 0.3-0.6 percent by weight of the mass of powder, into pure iron powder or a mixture consisting of the pure iron powder and alloyed element powder for mixing, and performing compression molding after mixing uniformly to obtain a pressed blank; then sintering the pressed blank in a protective atmosphere by using a multi-section sintering mode, wherein the sintering process system is that the heat is preserved at 400-650 DEG C for 0.5-3 hours, then is preserved at 1,120-1,200 DEG C for 1-4 hours and is finally preserved at 800-910 DEG C for 0.5-4 hours, and the material is cooled with a furnace to 200 DEG C to be discharged out of the furnace. The method has the characteristics of high production efficiency, low manufacturing cost and high material utilization rate, the soft magnetic material prepared by using domestic reduced iron powder and water-atomized pure iron powder has high magnetic permeability, low coercive force and intermediate density (7.2-7.5g/cm＜3＞), fully meets the use requirements of automobile starters and start-stop motors, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, particularly
Refer to prepare that density is medium using PM technique, pcrmeability is high, coercivity is low automobile starter, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and
The electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, belongs to powder metallurgy soft magnetic technical field of material.
Background technology
Automobile starter drives engine flywheel rotation realization to start by the electric energy of accumulator is converted into mechanical energy
The startup of machine.Magnetic pole is one of magnetic function device of most critical on starter, and it will be big straight in automobile starting moment (< 5s)
The energy of stream electricity is converted into magnetic field energy；Electromagnetic switch is the important controlling switch on automobile starter and start and stop motor, by producing
Raw electromagnetic attraction makes starter pinion engage with engine flywheel gear ring, and pull switch contacting drives electromotor to rise simultaneously
Dynamic.The performance of magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch soft magnetic materials produces the size of magnetic field energy and electromagnetic attraction when determining motor work,
It is to prepare new and effective, low-energy consumption electric machine key.
Magnetic pole on starter and start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch are all using 10 at present#Steel passes through cold-extruded, cold drawn (cold-drawn)
Etc. technique preparation, there is magnetic permeability μmaxLow (1000-2000gs/oe) and coercivity hcThe feature of high (300-800a/m), unfavorable
Raising further in motor performance.First, high hcMake magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch have high magnetic hystersis loss, easily lead to work
When caloric value increase, particularly starter starting time long or repeatedly continuously start when, temperature will be substantially increased.So it is right
In 10#For steel core, require that each working time never allows more than 5s, re-lighting should rest 1-2min, continuous
Start for three times and should rest 15min on the basis of checking.Secondly, low magnetic permeability increases the magnetic resistance of magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch, makes
Electromagnetic response slows.For magnetic pole, the no-load speed of starter can be reduced, increase no-load current, also can simultaneously
The load speed leading to starter reduces, load current increases, thus reducing electric efficiency.For electromagnetic switch, then can
Increase pick-up voltage and release voltage, reduce power.10#Steel magnetic pole and the low magnetic property of electromagnetic switch and its high-carbon (0.05～
0.12%), high silicon (0.17～0.37%) is relevant with Gao Meng (0.35～0.65%) content.The impurity such as si, mn of high concentration unit
Element is solid-solution in the lattice of fe, causes the distortion of lattice of fe, produces distortion of lattice internal stress, leads to hcIncrease, μmaxReduce.High
The c and fe of concentration forms cementite, on the one hand hinders domain wall drift to make hcIncrease, μmaxReduce；On the other hand lead to Curie temperature
Reduce, make magnetic property with the rising of temperature rapid decrease, lead to air gap magnetic density under high temperature to reduce.
In terms of dimensional accuracy, by the size by cold drawn, cold-drawing technology preparation starter soft magnetic materials for the mild steel
Precision is relatively low, has had a strong impact on it and has assembled quality.In existing automobile starter, often occur sweeping (the i.e. armature friction of boring phenomenon
One jiao of magnetic pole), especially for air gap less in the case of, sweep boring phenomenon even more serious.Its major part is the size due to magnetic pole
Precision not leads to occur swinging in assembling and causes.On the other hand, the piece surface by cold-extrusion shaping for the mild steel
Quality is good, and dimensional accuracy is high.But cold extrusion technology is complicated, comprising: blanking annealing phosphatization saponification is just
Squeeze correction annealing phosphatization saponification heading punching trimming annealing phosphating soap
Change bending pressure-sizing.And crimp power is big, need large-tonnage equipment, mould consumes big.By cold-extruded mode system
Standby pole material cost is far above cold drawn, cold-drawing technology.
Improve the pcrmeability of starter soft magnetic materials, reduce coercivity, and improve scantling precision on this basis,
It is to improve the key starting engine efficiency.PM technique, with powder as raw material, is advantageously implemented the autonomous Design of composition, with
Improve magnetic property；The product of high dimensional accuracy can be prepared by controlling shaping dies precision and sintering temperature.But powder
The magnetic property of metallurgical iron based soft magnetic materials and mechanical property are directly proportional to the density of material.Domestic reduced iron powder and water atomization pure iron
Powder low price, but its briquettability is poor, the density of material only about 6.8-7.0g/cm of preparation3It is impossible to meet starter use
The use requirement of soft magnetic materials.Patent cn100515621c is prepared for highdensity ferrum using the repressing and re-sintering technique of powder metallurgy
Base proportion electro-magnet magnetic yoke.Patent cn103305743a adopts powder metallurgic method, by the pretreatment of starting powder, in high pressure
Prepare density under pressing pressure and high sintering temperature and reach 7.6g/cm3The pure iron of function admirable, ferrum phosphorus magnetically soft alloy produce
Product.The iron based soft magnetic materials of above two method preparation are respectively provided with high density, excellent soft magnet performance and good mechanical property
Can, but due to employing repressing and re-sintering, high compaction pressures (1000-1200mpa) and high sintering temperature (1300-1400 DEG C), greatly
Width improves the manufacturing cost of material, compared with the technique such as existing Leng Ji is cold drawn, no price advantage.In addition adopt Inlet water
Atomized iron powder can also prepare intermediate density (7.2-7.5g/cm under common compacting sintering technique3) iron-based soft magnetic close
Golden product, but because price is still far above 10#The cold drawn product of Leng Ji of steel, no market application foreground.
Therefore, on the basis of low cost, medium density (7.2-7.5g/cm is prepared using powder metallurgy process3), magnetic
The pole material of function admirable be the invention solves the problems that key issue.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcoming the deficiency of prior art and providing a kind of production efficiency height, low cost of manufacture, adopt
The method preparing magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials with domestic reduced iron powder and water atomized iron powder.This
Invention is prepared soft magnetic materials and is had high magnetic permeability, low-coercivity and intermediate density (7.2-7.5g/cm3), fully meet automobile and rise
Motivation, the use requirement of start and stop motor.
A kind of automobile starter of the present invention, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials
Preparation method, comprises the steps:
The first step: material mixing, molding
Account for powder quality 0.3- to straight iron powder or straight iron powder with addition in the mixture of alloying of elemental powder composition
The forming agent of 0.6wt.% carries out batch mixing, after mix homogeneously, compression molding, and obtain pressed compact；Compression molding pressure is 600-
800mpa；
Second step: sintering
Pressed compact is sintered using multisection type sintering processing in protective atmosphere, sintering process system is: first in 400-
650 DEG C of insulation 0.5-3h, are subsequently incubated 1-4h at 1120-1200 DEG C, are finally incubated 0.5-4h, furnace cooling at 800-910 DEG C
Come out of the stove to less than 200 DEG C, the sintering furnace being adopted is multisection type sintering furnace, significantly reduce the sintering heating-up time, be conducive to burning
Form this reduction further.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, described straight iron powder choosing
From domestic water atomized iron powder or domestic reduction straight iron powder, particle mean size is 70-150 μm, compressibility under 600mpa pressure >=
6.8g/cm3.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, alloying element powder
From the element that can form complete solid solution with ferrum, in order to adjust saturation magnetization m of alloys, magnetocrystalline anisotropy normal
Number k1With magnetic hysteresis coefficient of dilatation λ so that alloy has high μ on the basis of high msmax；The interpolation of p or b be also with its
Occur eutectic reaction to generate liquid phase less than during sintering temperature with fe, co, ni etc., carry out the carrying out of acceleration of sintering, improve alloy density.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, described straight iron powder with
The mixture of alloying of elemental powder composition includes following components, forms by mass percentage:
Alloying of elemental powder 0.15-5%, balance of straight iron powder, each constituent mass percent and be 100%；
Described alloying of elemental powder is the powder of si, co, ni, p, b element, and si, co, ni element powders account for iron-based and close
The 0.05-4wt% of bronze total amount, p, b element powders account for the 0.1-1wt% of fe-based alloy powder total amount.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, described alloying unit
Plain powder is added in the form of elemental powders or iron(-)base powder；The granularity of described elemental powders or iron(-)base powder is 1
～60 μm.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, batch mixing is in batch mixer
In carry out, mixing time 0.5-3h.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, protective atmosphere is hydrogen
Gas or decomposition ammonia.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, sintering process system
For: first it is incubated 0.5-2h at 400-650 DEG C, is then incubated 0.5h at 1020-1100 DEG C, be subsequently incubated 1- at 1120-1180 DEG C
4h, is finally incubated 0.5-4h at 800-910 DEG C, cools to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials, sintering process system
For: first it is incubated 1-2h at 500-600 DEG C, is then incubated 0.5h at 870-900 DEG C, be incubated 0.5h at 1020-1100 DEG C, subsequently exist
1140-1170 DEG C of insulation 1.5-2h, is finally incubated 1-2h at 860-900 DEG C, cools to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove.
A kind of magnetic pole of the present invention and electromagnetic switch with the preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that:
The ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials of preparation, density is 7.2-7.5g/cm3, when 5000a/m tests, intensity of magnetization b50For
1.4-1.8t, coercivity hc are 43-80a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 3500-8000gs/oe.
Advantages of the present invention is briefly described as below:
When temperature is higher than 912 DEG C, ferrum is completely unordered face-centred cubic structure solid solution (γ phase), in paramagnetism；Temperature
When degree is less than 912 DEG C, γ phase in version is simple cubic structure (α phase), in ferromagnetism, has high saturation magnetization.Iron-based is soft
Magnetic alloy, when temperature is cooled to room temperature higher than 912 DEG C, still has small part γ phase to remain, leads to the h of materialcIncrease, μ drops
Low.The Secondary element adding in this patent includes the alloying element that p, co, ni, si etc. can be solid-solution in ferrum completely.These yuan
Element composition add in the range of all with fe in high temperature when form single γ phase solid solution, this is all changed into α phase in low temperature
Solid solution, makes alloy have high ms.In addition, the interpolation of p and b multiple can have different eutectic temperatures by being formed in alloy
Liquid phase carry out acceleration of sintering, alloy density is greatly improved, be this patent adopt ordinary powder metallurgical technology obtain density be 7.2-
7.5g/cm3The key problem in technology of sintered body.The present invention, using the positive role in 780-910 DEG C of insulation with three aspects, is that this is special
Alloy in profit is in intermediate density (7.2-7.5g/cm3) under obtain high μmaxWith low hcImportant technology condition: one is to eliminate
The internal stress that alloying element produces during solid solution, eliminates the transformation stress that γ phase in version is during α phase, is conducive to obtaining low
hc；Two is by forming α-fe phase and the mixed phase of the phases such as α-fe (p), α-fe (co), α-fe (ni), α-fe (si), making alloy
While there is high ms, there is low k1And λ, thus reduce when the irreversible upstream displacement of magnetic domain and irreversible rotation in alloy
Resistance, makes alloy obtain high μmaxWith low hc；Three is that the crystallite dimension promoting α phase is fully grown up, and makes alloy have height further
μmaxWith low hc.
This patent is tested to the magnetic property preparing soft magnetic materials: saturation magnetization bsFor 2.0-2.18t, magnetize
Intensity b50(checkout area is 5000a/m) is 1.4-1.8t, coercivity hcFor 43-80a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 3500-
8000gs/oe.10#The magnetic property of steel is as follows: bs is 2.0-2.1t, b50For 1.4-1.6t, hcFor 300-700a/m, μmaxFor
1000-2000gs/oe.Accompanying drawing 1,2 is its typical hysteresis curve it is seen that this patent area of hysteresis loop of preparing material is little,
Loss is low.Thermomagnetization curve (accompanying drawing 3) test result shows, the Curie temperature that the present invention prepares material is 760 DEG C；10#Steel due to
What the formation of cementite led to Curie temperature is greatly reduced (350 DEG C, 460 DEG C, 610 DEG C), reduces the magnetic property temperature of material
Stability.Meanwhile, the tensile strength that this patent prepares material is 320-420mpa, with 10#The 335-380mpa of steel is suitable.It can be seen that
This patent prepares the mechanical property and 10 of material#Quite, soft magnet performance is better than 10 to steel#Steel, that is, have high μmax, low hc, little
Magnetic hystersis loss and good magnetic property temperature stability.
This patent has carried out installation application test to the magnetic pole of preparation and electromagnetic switch, and concrete outcome is as follows:
(1) zero load on starter, start and stop motor for the magnetic pole and load test.
When carrying out no-load test under the voltage of 12v, the no-load current of measurement is 130-140a, and no-load speed is 5500-
6000r/min.10#Steel magnetic pole no-load current under the same conditions is 150-170a, and no-load speed is 4000-5000r/min.
It can be seen that, the iron core of this patent preparation has relatively low no-load current and higher no-load speed in zero load.On the other hand, exist
When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, the load current of measurement is 570-590a, and load speed is 1800-1900r/min,
Moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.10#Steel magnetic pole load current under the same conditions is 590-610a, and load speed is 1750-1850r/
Min, moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.It can be seen that, magnetic pole prepared by this patent load current in load compares 10#Steel is low, and load simultaneously turns
Speed ratio 10#Steel is high, moment of torsion and 10#Steel is suitable.Illustrate that the pole core of this patent preparation has higher output.
(2) installation experiment on starter, start and stop motor for the electromagnetic switch
Installation experimental data shows, the pick-up voltage of the electromagnetic switch of this patent preparation is 5.0-5.6v, and release voltage is
1.5-2.1v, peak power is 3.95-4.10kw.10#Steel electromagnetic switch pick-up voltage under the same conditions is 6.0-7.5v,
Release voltage is 2-3v, and peak power is 3.8kw.It can be seen that, the pick-up voltage of electromagnetic switch of this patent preparation, release voltage ratio
10#Low, the peak power 10 of steel#Steel is high.Performance is better than 10#The standby electromagnetic switch of steel, plays an important role for energy-conservation.
The ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials of present invention preparation is cold drawn, cold with mild steel soft magnetic materials with respect to starter
Pull out technique, have the advantage that
(1) cheap domestic water-atomized iron powder and domestic reduced iron powder are adopted as raw material, by common powder
The metallurgical compacting in end and multisection type sintering process, can make the magnetic pole of actual preparation and the cost of electromagnetic switch and 10#Steel cold drawn, cold
Pull out process costs and compare reduction more than 10-30%；
(2) reducing atmosphere passed through in sintering and heat treatment process reduces the impurity content such as carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen in alloy,
Contribute to the raising of soft magnet performance and mechanical property；
(3) pass through to add the alloying element that can form complete solid solution with fe, the saturation magnetization of alloy can be adjusted
ms, magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant k1With magnetic hysteresis coefficient of dilatation λ；
(4) occur eutectic reaction to generate multiple liquid phases at different temperatures by p, b and fe, co, ni, effectively facilitate burning
Knot process, makes the soft magnetic materials density of preparation reach 7.2-7.5g/cm3, it is one of key technology of this patent.
(5) particularly at 800-910 DEG C, heat treatment 0.5-3h is carried out to alloy, be conducive to eliminating stress, obtain low k1
With λ and big α phase crystallite dimension, alloy is made to have high pcrmeability and low coercivity；
(6) adopt powder metallurgical technique, in the case of ensureing mould and die accuracy, product size consistent can be effectively ensured
Property and Product Precision.The prepared powder metallurgy magnetic pole of this patent, electromagnetic switch production efficiency height, low cost of manufacture, material use
Rate is high, be suitable for production in enormous quantities.
Brief description
The hysteresis curve of the soft magnetic materials that accompanying drawing 1 is prepared for the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is 10#The hysteresis curve of steel.
The soft magnetic materials and 10 that accompanying drawing 3 is prepared for the present invention#The thermomagnetization curve of steel.
Comparative drawings figs 1,2 understand, the area of hysteresis loop of the magnetic pole of present invention preparation is little, so loss is less.
From accompanying drawing 3 as can be seen that the Curie temperature of the pole material of present invention preparation is 760 DEG C.10#Steel magnetic pole pyromagnetic
The temperature that 4 corresponding magnetic moments are decreased obviously, respectively 350 DEG C, 460 DEG C, 610 DEG C and 760 DEG C are had on curve.Due to low Curie
Temperature reduces the magnetic property temperature stability of material, and the magnetic property temperature stabilization of the pole core material of present invention preparation is described
Property compared with 10#The magnetic property temperature stability of steel pole material is good.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: pure iron magnetic pole, the preparation of electromagnetic switch
Magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch are prepared using domestic water atomized iron powder.The particle mean size of iron powder is 100 μm.Good in proportioning
Mixed-powder in add the zinc stearate of 0.3wt.% and mix 0.5h；By the powder after mix homogeneously 700mpa compacting
Compression molding under pressure.Then it is sintered in hydrogen: be first incubated 0.5h at 400 DEG C, be then incubated 2h at 1150 DEG C, finally
It is incubated 0.5h at 850 DEG C, cool to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove.Electromagnetic switch after coming out of the stove is finished product, and magnetic pole need to be bored
Finished product is obtained after screw thread process.
The density of magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment and electromagnetic switch is 7.20g/cm3.
Magnetic property and mechanical property are: saturation magnetization bsFor 2.0t, intensity of magnetization b50For 1.40t, coercivity hcFor
83a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 3520gs/oe, tensile strength is 322mpa.
Magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment in the zero load on starter and load test result is: carries out under the voltage of 12v
During no-load test, no-load current is 139a, and no-load speed is 5520r/min.When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, survey
The load current of amount is 573a, and load speed is 1820r/min, and moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.
Installation experimental result on starter and start and stop motor for the electromagnetic switch manufactured in the present embodiment is: electromagnetic switch
Pick-up voltage is 5.6v, and release voltage is 2.1v, and peak power is 3.95kw.
Embodiment 2:fe-0.2p-0.05si magnetic pole, the preparation of electromagnetic switch.
Mixed powder using domestic reduction straight iron powder, ferrophosphor(us) powder, silica flour prepares magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch.Alloy
The content of middle fe is the content of 99.5%, p is 0.2wt.%, and the content of si is 0.05wt.%.In material powder, iron powder is average
Granularity is 70 μm, and the granularity of ferrophosphor(us) powder is 5 μm, and the granularity of si powder is 2 μm.The good mixed-powder of proportioning adds
The zinc stearate of 0.3wt.% simultaneously mixes 0.5h；By the compression molding under the pressing pressure of 600mpa of the powder after mix homogeneously.
Then it is sintered in hydrogen: be first incubated 0.5h at 400 DEG C, be then incubated 1h at 1200 DEG C, be finally incubated at 800 DEG C
0.5h, cools to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and comes out of the stove.Electromagnetic switch after coming out of the stove is finished product, after magnetic pole need to carry out boring screw thread process
Obtain finished product.
The density of magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment and electromagnetic switch is 7.25g/cm3.
Magnetic property and mechanical property are: saturation magnetization bs is 2.0t, intensity of magnetization b50For 1.41t, coercivity hc is
72a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 3880gs/oe, tensile strength is 332mpa.
Magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment in the zero load on starter and load test result is: carries out under the voltage of 12v
No-load test, no-load current is 136a, and no-load speed is 5580r/min.When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, measurement
Load current be 585a, load speed be 1870r/min, moment of torsion be 17.5n.m.
Installation experimental result on starter and start and stop motor for the electromagnetic switch manufactured in the present embodiment is: electromagnetic switch
Pick-up voltage is 5.5v, and release voltage is 2.0v, and peak power is 3.98kw.
Embodiment 3:fe-0.5p-0.1b-2co magnetic pole, the preparation of electromagnetic switch.
Mixed powder using domestic water atomized iron powder, phosphorus powder, ferro-boron powder, cobalt powder prepares magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch, wherein
Fe accounts for 97.4%, p and accounts for 0.5wt%, and b accounts for 0.1wt%, and co accounts for 2wt.%.The particle mean size of iron powder is 150 μm, and phosphorus powder is 5 μm,
Ferro-boron powder is 10 μm, and cobalt powder is 5 μm.Add the zinc stearate of 0.6wt.% and mix 2h in the good mixed-powder of proportioning；Will
The compression molding under the pressing pressure of 700mpa of powder after mix homogeneously.Then it is sintered in decomposing ammonia: first 600
DEG C insulation 2h, then 1030 DEG C be incubated 0.5h, 1180 DEG C be incubated 2h, finally 900 DEG C be incubated 2.8h, cool to the furnace
Come out of the stove for less than 200 DEG C.Electromagnetic switch after coming out of the stove is finished product, and magnetic pole obtains finished product after need to carrying out boring screw thread process.
The density of magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment and electromagnetic switch is 7.36g/cm3.
Magnetic property and mechanical property are: saturation magnetization bsFor 2.15t, intensity of magnetization b50(checkout area is 5000a/m)
For 1.7t, coercivity hcFor 52a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 6720gs/oe, tensile strength is 360mpa.
Magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment in the zero load on starter and load test result is: carries out under the voltage of 12v
During no-load test, no-load current is 135a, and no-load speed is 5900r/min.When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, survey
The load current of amount is 580a, and load speed is 1880r/min, and moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.
Installation experimental result on starter and start and stop motor for the electromagnetic switch manufactured in the present embodiment is: electromagnetic switch
Pick-up voltage is 5.2v, and release voltage is 1.6v, and peak power is 4.0kw.
Embodiment 4:fe-0.5p-0.5b-2ni-3co magnetic pole, the preparation of electromagnetic switch.
Mixed powder using domestic water atomized iron powder, ferrophosphor(us) powder, boron powder, nikel powder, cobalt powder prepares magnetic pole and electromagnetism
Switch, wherein fe accounts for 97.4%, p and accounts for 0.5wt%, and b accounts for 0.5wt%, and ni accounts for 2wt.%, and co accounts for 3wt.%.The average grain of iron powder
Spend for 150 μm, phosphorus powder is 5 μm, ferro-boron powder is 10 μm, cobalt powder and nikel powder are 50 μm.The good mixed-powder of proportioning adds
The zinc stearate of 0.4wt.% simultaneously mixes 3h；By the compression molding under the pressing pressure of 700mpa of the powder after mix homogeneously.So
It is sintered in decomposing ammonia afterwards: first it is incubated 1h at 500 DEG C, is then incubated 0.5h at 880 DEG C, be incubated 0.5h at 1050 DEG C,
Subsequently it is incubated 1.5h at 1140 DEG C, be finally incubated 1h at 900 DEG C, cool to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove.Electromagnetism after coming out of the stove is opened
Close and be finished product, magnetic pole obtains finished product after need to carrying out boring screw thread process.
The density starting motor pole iron core manufactured in the present embodiment is 7.46g/cm3.
Magnetic property and mechanical property are: saturation magnetization bsFor 2.09t, intensity of magnetization b50(checkout area is 5000a/m)
For 1.69t, coercivity hcFor 63a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 7800gs/oe, tensile strength is 410mpa.
Magnetic pole manufactured in the present embodiment in the zero load on starter and load test result is: carries out under the voltage of 12v
During no-load test, no-load current is 130a, and no-load speed is 5960r/min.When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, survey
The load current of amount is 570a, and load speed is 1900r/min, and moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.
Installation experimental result on starter and start and stop motor for the electromagnetic switch manufactured in the present embodiment is: electromagnetic switch
Pick-up voltage is 5.0v, and release voltage is 1.5v, and peak power is 4.1kw.
Embodiment 5:fe-0.8p-b-si-1ni-co magnetic pole, the preparation of electromagnetic switch.
Mixed powder using domestic water atomized iron powder, ferrum phosphorus powder, boron powder, nikel powder, cobalt powder prepares magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch,
Wherein fe accounts for 97.4%, p and accounts for 0.5wt%, and b accounts for 0.5wt%, and ni accounts for 2wt.%, and co accounts for 3wt.%.The particle mean size of iron powder is
150 μm, phosphorus powder is 5 μm, and ferro-boron powder is 10 μm, and cobalt powder and nikel powder are 50 μm.The good mixed-powder of proportioning adds
The zinc stearate of 0.4wt.% simultaneously mixes 3h；By the compression molding under the pressing pressure of 700mpa of the powder after mix homogeneously.So
It is sintered in decomposing ammonia afterwards: first it is incubated 1h at 500 DEG C, is then incubated 0.5h at 880 DEG C, be incubated 0.5h at 1050 DEG C,
Subsequently it is incubated 1.5h at 1140 DEG C, be finally incubated 1h at 900 DEG C, cool to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove.Sample after coming out of the stove enters
Row obtains after boring screw thread process and starts motor pole iron core finished product.
The density starting motor pole iron core manufactured in the present embodiment is 7.39g/cm3；
Magnetic property and mechanical property are: saturation magnetization bsFor 2.04t, intensity of magnetization b50For 1.58t, coercivity hcFor
70a/m, maximum permeability μmaxFor 5800gs/oe, tensile strength is 370mpa.
Magnetic pole in the zero load on starter and load test result is: when carrying out no-load test under the voltage of 12v, unloaded
Electric current is 134a, and no-load speed is 5760r/min.When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, the load current of measurement is
582a, load speed is 1840r/min, and moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.
Installation experimental result on starter and start and stop motor for the electromagnetic switch is: the pick-up voltage of electromagnetic switch is
5.3v, release voltage is 1.8v, and peak power is 3.98kw.
Comparative example: 10#Steel magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch
10#The magnetic property of steel magnetic pole and electromagnetic switch and mechanical property are: bs is 2.1t, b50For 1.6t, hcFor 600a/m,
μmaxFor 1870gs/oe, tensile strength is 380mpa.
10#The standby pole core of steel in the zero load on starter and load test result is: carries out under the voltage of 12v
During no-load test, no-load current is 168a, and no-load speed is 4000r/min.When carrying out load test under the voltage of 9.7v, survey
The load current of amount is 600a, and load speed is 1790r/min, and moment of torsion is 17.5n.m.
10#Installation experimental result on starter and start and stop motor for the standby electromagnetic switch of steel is: pick-up voltage is
7.0v, release voltage is 2.8v, and peak power is 3.8kw.
Knowable to the performance parameter that embodiment 1-5 and comparative example obtain: the magnetic pole of this patent preparation and the magnetic of electromagnetic switch
Performance and its installation experimental result are superior to 10#The standby magnetic pole of steel and electromagnetic switch, mechanical property and 10#Steel quite, completely may be used
To substitute 10#The standby magnetic pole of steel and electromagnetic switch, are applied in starter and start and stop motor.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of automobile starter, the magnetic pole of the start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch preparation side of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials
Method, comprises the steps:
The first step: material mixing, molding
The forming agent accounting for powder quality 0.3-0.6wt.% is added to enter in the mixture forming with alloying of elemental powder to straight iron powder
Row batch mixing, after mix homogeneously, compression molding, obtain pressed compact；
Second step: sintering
Pressed compact is sintered using multisection type sintering processing in protective atmosphere, sintering process system is: first at 400-650 DEG C
Insulation 0.5-3h, is subsequently incubated 1-4h at 1120-1200 DEG C, is finally incubated 0.5-4h at 800-910 DEG C, cools to 200 with the furnace
Come out of the stove below DEG C.
2. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: described straight iron powder is selected from domestic water atomized iron powder or domestic reduction pure iron
Powder, particle mean size is 70-150 μm, compressibility >=6.8g/cm under 600mpa pressure3.
3. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: alloying element powder is from the element that can form complete solid solution with ferrum.
4. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 3, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: under the mixture of described straight iron powder and alloying of elemental powder composition includes
State component, form by mass percentage:
Alloying of elemental powder 0.15-5%, balance of straight iron powder, each constituent mass percent and be 100%；
Described alloying of elemental powder is the powder of si, co, ni, p, b element, and si, co, ni element powders account for fe-based alloy powder
The 0.05-4wt% of total amount, p, b element powders account for the 0.1-1wt% of fe-based alloy powder total amount.
5. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 4, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: described alloying of elemental powder is with elemental powders or iron(-)base powder
Form adds；The granularity of described elemental powders or iron(-)base powder is 1～60 μm.
6. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: batch mixing is carried out in batch mixer, mixing time 0.5-3h.
7. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: protective atmosphere is hydrogen or decomposes ammonia.
8. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: sintering process system is: is first incubated 0.5-2h, Ran Hou at 400-650 DEG C
1020-1100 DEG C of insulation 0.5h, is subsequently incubated 1-4h at 1120-1180 DEG C, is finally incubated 0.5-4h at 800-910 DEG C, with stove
It is cooled to less than 200 DEG C to come out of the stove.
9. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch iron-based powder smelting
The preparation method of golden soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: sintering process system is: is first incubated 1-2h, Ran Hou at 500-600 DEG C
870-900 DEG C of insulation 0.5h, is incubated 0.5h at 1020-1100 DEG C, is subsequently incubated 1.5-2h at 1140-1170 DEG C, finally exists
860-900 DEG C of insulation 1-2h, cools to less than 200 DEG C with the furnace and comes out of the stove.
10. a kind of automobile starter according to claim 1--9 any one, the magnetic pole of start and stop motor and electromagnetic switch
With the preparation method of ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials it is characterised in that: the ferrous based powder metallurgical soft magnetic materials of preparation, density is
7.2-7.5g/cm3, when 5000a/m tests, intensity of magnetization b50For 1.4-1.8t, coercivity hc is 43-80a/m, maximum magnetic conductance
Rate μmaxFor 3500-8000gs/oe.
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