CN104396580B - A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396580B CN104396580B CN201410669948.6A CN201410669948A CN104396580B CN 104396580 B CN104396580 B CN 104396580B CN 201410669948 A CN201410669948 A CN 201410669948A CN 104396580 B CN104396580 B CN 104396580B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention provides the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north, be specially (1) and select the age of tree 3 years and the above north to resist cold tangerine section plant as stock；Select the southern oranges and tangerines trees branch then of result in former years as scion；(2) scion is grafted in the formation layer of stock, carries out outdoor grafting March then, the method using scion grafting, entangle scion and grafting interface with airtight fluid-tight sack after grafting；(3), after spike length waiting goes out young sprout, the leafiness branch of branch of choosing stalwartness retains to be cultivated as permanent branch, tames year by year；(4) First Year winter, protection top branch；Second Year winter, mouth of being in the wind keeps out the wind；3rd year winter need not safeguard procedures, cultivates the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north.
Background technology
Oranges and tangerines normal growth, in south, belongs to southern fruit, the Economical cultivation district of mandarine be concentrated mainly on north latitude 20 °～
Between 33 °, height above sea level 700～less than 1000 meters.There is the saying of " the raw Huainan of tangerine is then tangerine, is born in the Huaibei then for trifoliate orange " from ancient times,
The growth needs being because Citrus Root is higher than temperature and the soil water potential of 13 DEG C, and at freezing or arid season, root system stops raw
Long, it is impossible to absorbing nutrient, therefore oranges and tangerines cold resistance is poor.Oranges and tangerines are grafted on the stock of the cold-resistant citrus plants in the north by the present invention,
Through domestication for many years, preferably with the technical measures such as grafting, cultivated the kind can survived the winter in the north, as in Qingdao, Shandong Province
Area, to the north of north latitude 36 degree, minimum subzero 10-15 DEG C of winter temperature, and the fruit taste and sweet mouthfeel born is good to eat, and taste is pure
Just.The grafting orange having south similar can not be passed the winter in the north, and mouthfeel is bad.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north, by graft technology, cultivated and revealed at north of china in winter
The oranges and tangerines of surviving the winter of it growth, fruit taste and sweet mouthfeel.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north, is specially
(1) age of tree 3 years and the above north is selected to resist cold tangerine section plant as stock；Select the southern mandarin orange of result in former years
Tangerine wood branch then, as scion, by south transport to the north, carries out protection process to scion in transportation, scion from
Grafting is completed in 5-10h after tree；
(2) scion is grafted in the formation layer of stock, carries out outdoor grafting March then, the method using scion grafting, grafting
Scion and grafting interface is entangled afterwards with airtight fluid-tight sack；
(3), after spike length waiting goes out young sprout, the leafiness branch of branch of choosing stalwartness retains to be cultivated as permanent branch, cuts off not
Healthy and strong branch, tames year by year；
(4) First Year winter, protection top branch；Second Year winter, mouth of being in the wind keeps out the wind；3rd year winter need not prevent
Protect measure, cultivate the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north.
Further, described north tangerine section plant of resisting cold is trifoliate orange.
Further, scion is handled as follows by described step (1): selected distance oranges and tangerines trees twig top 30cm
And following branch, it is cut to the length of 10-12cm, leaf is all removed, keep scion branch to breathe freely in transportation
Moisturizing.
Further, scion branch lower end cuts into by described step (2) bevel, gradient 45 degree, long 12-18mm,
Described scion is grafted on the stock trunk of overhead 0.8-1.5m.
Further, described step (2) use mackintosh be wound around grafting interface after grafting；Described after grafting seven days
The hole of 2-3 1cm is opened on sack；After scion success, sack is extractd.
Further, in First Year winter in described step (4), airtight fluid-tight sack protection top branch is used；The
In 2 year winter, straw mouth of being in the wind is used to keep out the wind.
Further, cultivating process carries out preventing disease and pest process, and flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting process.
Further, applications of farmyard manure and tangerine section plant special fertilizer in cultivating process.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention and good effect be: it is stock that the present invention chooses cold-resistant tangerine section plant trifoliate orange,
The trifoliate orange of described north growth and the orange of south growth, orange, shaddock Deng Ju section plant in Plant Taxonomy, be equal belonging to together and
Xylophyta the most of the same race, therefore grafts in oranges and tangerines scion and has the strongest affinity on Zhi Shu.Oranges and tangerines scion is grafted in trifoliate orange
On the formation layer of tree stock, speed of wound healing is fast.Owing to trifoliate orange can be in cold north growth, after orange success grafting,
Tame year by year, be not required at greenhouse-grown, the outdoor growth also being able to health.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, technical scheme is described in further detail.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north, comprises the steps:
(1) use the tangerine section plant resisted cold in the north as stock:
The tangerine section plant resisted cold in the described north is trifoliate orange, plants in the soil of neutral meta-acid character, and planting density is 3 × 4m,
The preferably age of tree 3 years and above healthy and strong trifoliate orange is the bigger the better as stock, the age of tree.
Described trifoliate orange is a kind of happiness light, and warm and moist weather, relatively cold-resistant plant are liked in the most resistance to shade, and happiness is born in fertile, deep
Subacidity soil, soil is not made excessive demands；Winter temperature is not less than subzero 25 DEG C and gets final product safe overwintering, and seedling need to be taked cold-proof
Measure, available straw colligation is cold-proof, and strain is then not required to cold-proof；Originate from Shandong (sunshine, Qingdao etc.), Henan, Shanxi, Zhejiang
The provinces and regions such as river, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
(2) south high-quality stalwartness orange twig is used to do scion:
Use the oranges and tangerines trees of result in former years, it is desirable to the excellent stalwartness of trees, disease-free, choose growing way March then
Vigorous nutrition branch bar is as scion.Concrete, selected distance twig top 30cm and following branch, it is cut to 10-12cm
Length, leaf is all removed, by south transport to during the north, keep branch air permeable humidity retaining, such as, use wet
Newspaper or wet cotton parcel branch.In order to ensure survival rate, it is desirable to the scion from tree completes grafting within 5-10h.
(3) concrete grammar of grafting:
Scion twig is cut into bevel, and gradient is 45 degree, a length of 12-18mm, preferably 15mm.By scion grafting
In the formation layer of stock, described formation layer is separate living tissue, can constantly produce new xylem and bast, make stem or root not
Disconnected overstriking, allows stock and scion form layer immediately, it is possible to allow its cambial cell melt interpromoting relation in five elements mutually, faster form organization healing,
Improve graft survival rate.
Outdoor grafting is carried out mid-March then, the method using scion grafting, graft in the stock trunk of overhead 0.8-1.5m
On, and trunk is the thickest more good, and use mackintosh to be wound around grafting interface, scion is fixed with stock, described mackintosh
Water-retaining property is strong；Pluck for convenience, preferably graft on the stock trunk of overhead 1m.Can be according to the size of stock tree-walk
Determining the quantity of grafting scion on every stock, when tree-walk is less than 30mm, grafting 1 scion grafting fringe, when tree-walk is 30-50mm
Time, grafting 2 scion grafting fringe, when tree-walk is more than 50mm, grafting 3 and above scion, when 3 scion of grafting, wound
Mouth healing is the fastest, and survival rate is the highest.
Can success grafting northern area, daytime, the highest temperature was 18-20 DEG C, and night, the lowest temperature was 8-10 DEG C, it is desirable to soil
Earth the most all thaws.Owing to the north temperature difference sooner or later in March is relatively big, in order to the scion of new grafting carrying out being incubated water conservation, favorably
Yu Xinsui also seedling, uses airtight fluid-tight sack to entangle whole scion and grafting interface after grafting, described airtight waterproof
Sack use conventional polybag more；Carry out ventilative cooling after seven days, polybag is opened the hole of 2-3 1cm.Seven days
Inherence connects head sprouting and is and survives, otherwise failure.After scion success, polybag is extractd, and carries out final-period management；Do not become
Again the grafting of merit.
(4) concrete grammar of final-period management:
After spike length waiting goes out young sprout, the branch leafiness branch reservation choosing stalwartness is cultivated as permanent branch, cuts off and is not good for
Strong branch, and tame year by year, method particularly includes:
In the winter of subzero 8-10 DEG C of In The Area of Qingdao, First Year winter, need to use airtight fluid-tight sack to protect top
Branch；The lowest temperature reaches above freezing and is removed by sack afterwards；Second Year winter, the mouth that needs to be in the wind uses straw to keep out the wind, when taming and dociling
When changing to the 3rd year winter, it is no longer necessary to safeguard procedures, cultivate the oranges and tangerines that can resist cold in the north of north normal growth.
In cultivating process, the oranges and tangerines to grafting are needed to carry out the Routine Management of preventing disease and pest, flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting；Execute
With farm manure and tangerine section plant special fertilizer, it then follows spring and autumn is multiplex, summer principle less.
After First Year grafting success, interface can realize the healing of 1/3rd then, and Second Year can realize entirely healing.Second Year
Starting to yield positive results, in order to develop tree crown, carry out artificial flower thinning, strain yield is about 15 kilograms/, by 100 every mu calculating,
Per mu yield 1500 kilograms.Within 3rd year, tree crown can be grown to 1.5m, and yield is about 25 kilograms/, within the 4th year, i.e. can reach high yield 30
Kilogram/.Resist cold the fruit sweet flavor of oranges and tangerines in the north that the present invention cultivates, and sugariness can reach more than 10%.
By the breeding method of the present invention, can the Citrus Cultivars such as orange, orange, shaddock, Buddha's hand, lemon be carried out cold-resistant
Domestication is cultivated.
Above example is only several in the several preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned
Embodiment；For the person of ordinary skill of the art, still the technical scheme described in previous embodiment can be repaiied
Change, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent；And these amendments or replacement, do not make the basis of appropriate technical solution
Matter departs from the spirit and scope of claimed technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north, it is characterised in that: it is specially
(1) age of tree north of more than 3 years is selected to resist cold tangerine section plant as stock；Selecting the southern oranges and tangerines trees branch then of result in former years as scion, by south transport to the north, in transportation, scion is carried out protection process, scion completes grafting in 5-10h after tree；Scion is handled as follows: the branch of selected distance oranges and tangerines trees twig top below 30cm, is cut to the length of 10-12cm, leaf is all removed, transportation keeps scion branch air permeable humidity retaining；
(2) scion is grafted in the formation layer of stock, carries out outdoor grafting March then, the method using scion grafting, entangle scion and grafting interface with airtight fluid-tight sack after grafting；
(3), after spike length waiting goes out young sprout, the leafiness branch of branch of choosing stalwartness retains to be cultivated as permanent branch, cuts off the most healthy and the strongest branch, tames year by year；
(4) First Year winter, protection top branch；Second Year winter, mouth of being in the wind keeps out the wind；3rd year winter need not safeguard procedures, cultivates the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described north tangerine section plant of resisting cold is trifoliate orange.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, scion branch lower end is cut into bevel, gradient 45 degree by described step (2), long 12-18mm, grafts in the scion cut on the stock trunk of overhead 0.8-1.5m.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that use mackintosh to be wound around grafting interface in described step (2) after grafting；The hole of 2-3 1cm is opened in grafting on described sack after seven days；After scion success, sack is extractd.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that First Year winter in described step (4), uses airtight fluid-tight sack protection top branch；Second Year winter, straw mouth of being in the wind is used to keep out the wind.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that carry out preventing disease and pest process in cultivating process, and flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting process.
The breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that applications of farmyard manure and tangerine section plant special fertilizer in cultivating process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410669948.6A CN104396580B (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north |
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| CN201410669948.6A CN104396580B (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north |
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| CN104396580A CN104396580A (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| CN104396580B true CN104396580B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105724164A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 吕强 | Overwintering cultivation method for orange trees in northern area |
| CN105660296A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-15 | 湖北大学 | Citrus full-tree cold-proof coverage technology |
| CN105940969A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 奉节县上梁子脐橙种植股份合作社 | A navel orange grafting technology |
| CN108029431A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-15 | 建水县鼎盛农业发展有限公司 | Citrus grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN111642312A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-11 | 周林 | Method for cultivating cold-resistant citrus in north |
| CN115553173A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-01-03 | 湖北翘楚农业科技有限公司 | Drought-resistant citrus cultivation method |
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| KR20120052134A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 원은미 | Graft loquat tree |
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