CN104388692B - A kind of low-grade copper smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate - Google Patents
A kind of low-grade copper smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104388692B CN104388692B CN201410603624.2A CN201410603624A CN104388692B CN 104388692 B CN104388692 B CN 104388692B CN 201410603624 A CN201410603624 A CN 201410603624A CN 104388692 B CN104388692 B CN 104388692B
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Abstract
A kind of low-grade copper smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, belongs to copper processing techniques field. Existing isolated oxidation reduction furnace and flue dust total system thereof are smelted the dust of copper scap discharge air and are reached 30mg/m3, but dust 80��95% is PM2.5 fine particle, and containing bigger two English of toxicity, requires extremely to adapt to fine particle concentration increasingly stringent. The inventive method makes low-grade copper raw material adopt the equipment smelting high-quality positive plate containing shaft furnace to be possibly realized, and give full play to the high efficiency advantage of shaft furnace, improve the production capacity of low-grade copper smelting high-quality positive plate, and the inventive method invention flue dust total system, it is achieved low-grade copper raw material melting continuously becomes in high-quality anode copper industrial gas emission dust concentration lower than 0.500mg/m3, can't detect two English.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to copper processing techniques field, be the environment protection method of a kind of low-grade copper smelting high-quality positive plate.
Background technology
On the one hand, though heavy metal smelting smoke dust controlling exhaust pollution is through effort extremely hard and bitter in a large number, achieving significant progress, in copper reverberatory furnace smelting smoke dust, dust concentration reaches 30mg/m3, it is better than GB907-1996 regulation Copper making reverberatory furnace dust lower than 200mg/m3Standard value. But existing result of study shows to reach 30mg/m in dust concentration3Flue dust in 80��95% be PM2.5 fine particle.
On the other hand, since nearly more than 20 years, Copper fabrication in China every year with double-digit speed increment, Copper fabrication product plays an increasingly important role in Chinese national economy and high-tech sector, but the bottleneck of restriction China Copper fabrication industry development is the raw-material shortage of high-purity copper, China's copper concentrate natural resources shortage, from copper scap, recycled copper, the copper material of regenerating high purity is inevitable choice, but enter in the copper scap of stove, recycled copper the unavoidable mixed flame retardant etc. containing plastics, brominated aromatic hydrocarbons, therefore smelt copper scap, recycled copper can produce two English. The generation of two English will by the catalysis containing metal ion fine particles such as Cu, and two English are propagated and are attached on PM2.5 fine particle. Up to the present, yet there are no the research and development of the emission-reduction technology of two English in copper reverberatory furnace smelting smoke dust.
It is known that PM2.5 is directly entered deep lung, human life health is produced important harm. About PM2.5, national standard " ambient air quality " GB3095-2012 particulate matter (particle diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 ��m) specifies 24 hour average concentration 35 �� g/m3For one-level, 75 �� g/m3Being two grades, standard came into effect from January 1st, 2016. But the situation is tense for the existing air quality of China, higher than 75 �� g/m3Slight pollution, intermediate pollution, serious pollution, severe contamination weather happen occasionally. Two English are extremely toxic substances, and the harm of human body is bigger. Therefore, relative to the optimum level that existing low-grade copper reverberatory furnace smelting smoke dust processes, to the low-grade copper raw material containing one of recycled copper, copper scap, improve production capacity, minimizing positive plate electrolysis process cost and the time of smelting high-quality positive plate, energy-saving and emission-reduction had positive role, and research and develop the concentration of the discharge that is greatly lowered in flue dust PM2.5, significantly cut down two English concentration simultaneously and even eliminate the method that two English produce, there is great social benefit.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to adopt reverberatory furnace to add the airborne release dust content 30mg/m of dust treatment system optimal for prior art3But wherein 80��95% be PM2.5 fine particle and fusing containing the present situation that there are two English in copper scap low-grade copper raw material flue dust, a kind of method of invention makes to adopt low cost equipment to smelt high-quality positive plate and is possibly realized, improve the production capacity of smelting high-purity positive plate, alleviate the bottleneck of China's Copper fabrication development, significantly cut down the concentration of fine particle in the waste gas of discharge simultaneously, eliminate two English.
A kind of low-grade copper smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, and smelting equipment includes a shaft furnace, at least two tundish, tundish muff, at least two oxidation furnaces, at least two reduction furnaces, a set of flue dust total systems, the invention is characterized in that
Copper content 60wt% total in low-grade copper raw material and more than, low-grade copper is at least one of following raw materials according: recycled copper, copper scap, the copper scap secondary blister copper smelted, the blister copper smelted by copper matte regulus; Shaft furnace continuous melting low-grade copper, tundish collects low-grade copper liquation to rated capacity, then the fusing of shaft furnace is suspended, open tundish muff, separating bottom tundish and shaft furnace, mobile tundish, by oxidation furnace, is skimmed, and the copper melt in tundish is poured into oxidation furnace, the slag of cleaning tundish bottom; Copper melt completes oxidizing process in oxidation furnace, then passes through the reserved Pai Tongkou of oxidation furnace, adds a cover thermal insulation chute copper melt is transported to reduction furnace, completes reduction process in reduction furnace, is incubated afterwards and waters and casts out high-quality positive plate; Meanwhile, after this tundish separates with shaft furnace, being engaged with bottom shaft furnace by another tundish, close tundish muff outside tundish, again the fusing of shaft furnace; Low-grade copper raw material melting continuously becomes copper content more than 99.10wt% high-quality positive plate;
Shaft furnace fusing low-grade copper, consider that reduction furnace flue dust enters the impact bottom shaft furnace, by the adjustment that the air of multiple shaft furnace burners and fuel quantity are supplied, realize the lapse of temperature from top to bottom of whole stock column, and only melt bottom stock column, it is responsible for the burner of fusing bottom stock column at shaft furnace and forms cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is reproducibility, constantly bottom fusing low-grade copper stock column, stock column is constantly descending, require to add the low-grade copper packing material block through dehumidifying according to low-grade copper furnace run at the top of shaft furnace, maintain whole stock column height to be basically unchanged, and this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream sweeps along a low-grade copper liquation tiltedly descending journey, then turn back above copper melt stream, cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is left in the combustion gas that wherein part is turned back on the one hand, then along shaft furnace stock column up one section, and by shaft furnace utilidor, high temperature blower respectively enters reduction furnace, this part burner that the amount of combustion gas is responsible for bottom stock column fusing by shaft furnace of turning back constantly supplements to cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, on the other hand after low-grade copper liquation and cyclic high-temperature gas jet separation by inertia through the path of the shortest high temperature, enter the tundish of preheating, the copper melt insulation that tundish preheating is responsible for by row's burner, shaft furnace is melted by relay cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is descended most at shaft furnace, control the temperature of this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, tundish reproducibility combustion gas temperature at 1120��1400 DEG C, and two temperature along with in raw material the reduction of copper content and increase, when the copper melt in this tundish reaches its rated capacity, reduce the fuel of the burner of cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream and the supply of air, make the cooling of this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, suspend the fusing bottom shaft furnace stock column, improve the temperature of tundish copper melt, open tundish muff, remove this tundish, another tundish is engaged with bottom shaft furnace, when in tundish temperature when ranging up to require for 1120��1400 DEG C, control this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, restart bottom fusing shaft furnace stock column, until this tundish reaches its specified copper melt amount, suspend the fusing of shaft furnace low-grade copper stock column again, improve the temperature of this tundish copper melt, remove this tundish, the bottom of such continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column, respectively at different oxidation furnace oxidation low-grade copper liquations, respectively at different reduction furnace reduction, insulation casting high-quality positive plate,Flameless combustion mode taked by oxidation furnace burner, reduction furnace burner;
Control the combustion gas of shaft furnace to be reproducibility, reduction furnace combustion gas be reproducibility, the combustion gas of oxidation furnace is oxidisability, and shaft furnace flue dust respectively enters reduction furnace by its utilidor, high temperature blower, reduction furnace flue dust is partially into bottom shaft furnace respectively through its utilidor, high temperature blower, is partially into matched oxidation furnace, oxidation furnace flue dust is by qualified discharge after its utilidor, entrance flue dust main pipeline, flue dust total system, this flue dust main pipeline outside weld trachea, trachea is outer equipped with good insulation material, at least two trachea utilizes the high-temperature smoke flow through in this flue dust main pipeline respectively to dry air, the drying nitrogen of space division is heated, it is combustion-supporting that preheated air distributes to shaft furnace burner by control, oxidation furnace burner is combustion-supporting, reduction furnace burner is combustion-supporting, the on-demand use of flue dust thermoregulator of flue dust total system, the even spray apparatus of gas that preheating and drying nitrogen is just passed in the reduction furnace of reduction process by security solenoid valve, even into copper melt pond, accelerate the reduction of copper melt, the even spray apparatus of gas that oxygen rich gas containing space division dry oxygen is just passed in the oxidation furnace of oxidizing process by security solenoid valve, even into copper melt pond, accelerates the oxidizing process of low-grade copper liquation, control shaft furnace aerator, reduction furnace aerator, flue dust total system frequency modulation blower fan stop shaft furnace flue dust, reduction furnace flue dust, oxidation furnace flue dust uncontrollable discharge and escape,
Flue dust total system is made up of whirlwind chilling cleaner unit, flue dust thermoregulator, sack cleaner, wet desulphurization denitrating tower, the filter that drenches with rain, frequency modulation blower fan, sewage flocculation sedimentation tank;
Shaft furnace flue dust utilidor and shaft furnace joint account for the half of whole shaft furnace height to 2/3rds from the height bottom shaft furnace, more than this joint, shaft furnace inwall and from top add low-grade copper raw material between gap less than the gap between the following shaft furnace inwall in this joint and shaft furnace stock column, by the control of shaft furnace high temperature blower is stopped shaft furnace flue dust from shaft furnace top escape; Shaft furnace flue dust is from entering reduction furnace burner combustion, part former shaft furnace flue dust entrance oxidation furnace burner combustion subsequently into the comprehensive total system of flue dust, the former shaft furnace flue dust of part also reenters shaft furnace with reduction furnace flue dust, reenters reduction furnace, reenters oxidation furnace etc., in this process shaft furnace flue dust at least experience higher than 850 DEG C, more than 6s, wherein experience 1120 DEG C of more than temperatures above 4s;
The flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling cleaner unit controlling to discharge from oxidation furnace is 500 DEG C��550 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance of this whirlwind chilling cleaner unit bypasses into the dry cold air of high pressure, cooling it is sufficiently mixed rapidly with flue dust, drive flue dust gaseous mixture body high speed rotating simultaneously, in the motor process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixing gas is the metallic conduit pressure high speed heat-shift of logical cooling water with in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit again, by regulating temperature and the air velocity of dry cold air, regulate temperature and the water velocity of the cooling water led in metallic conduit, flue dust mixing gas is made to drop to 195 DEG C��200 DEG C in 0.2s, on the other hand, particulate matter big in flue dust mixing gas limit rotation limit under the influence of centrifugal force is downwardly into the hopper of whirlwind chilling cleaner unit, is automatically cleared when big particulate matter reaches a certain amount of by observation window, logical cooling water pipe pipeline outer wall in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit keeps cleaning, efficient high-speed and flue dust mixing gas heat-shift by low frequency acoustic wave soot blower,
Subsequently, flue dust mixing gas enters flue dust thermoregulator, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixing gas in advance, take the partially dried air that dry cold air, flue dust main pipeline preheat to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixing gas so that it is temperature is higher than the dew point of flue dust mixing gas before leaving sack cleaner;
What flue dust mixing gas was airtight through tower surface controls the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixing gas comes in and goes out, enter the airtight filter that drenches with rain controlling its discrepancy, the filter flue dust gaseous mixture speed of moving body that just entered to drench with rain reduces more than at least 50% immediately, the filter that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is at least 200mm/h, and the speed of spray raindrop speed before contact deluge device base plate reaches 1.0m/s��5.0m/s; The filter that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, major part area is separated by dividing plate, it is provided with drainage screen in the general orientation of flue dust mixing gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixing gas enters next lattice through drainage screen, the 180 �� of changes of flue dust mixing gas motion general orientation, so moving, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixing gas, at the processed at least 10min in filter that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan; Flue dust mixing gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in filter, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixing air exchange structure, ensure the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows relatively drench with rain filter single lattice in the position of the upper, middle and lower changing all the time, it is ensured that flue dust mixing gas is caught in the rain filter uniform treatment; PM2.5 is had good filtering function by drainage screen, drainage screen does not stop have complete rain film strips to walk the fine particle retained; Flue dust mixing gas from high temperature be caught in the rain filter quickly spray low temperature, from dry horse back to the raindrop of disperse in reach capacity humidity, be in the cohesion of the fine particle in the flue dust mixing gas under dew point and grow up, favourable filtered net retains; It is ultimately discharged into the dust of air lower than 0.500mg/m3, two English could not be detected;
Drench with rain filter rainwater recycle, regular moisturizing, regular sewage pumps into sewage flocculation sedimentation tank, and the mud of collection could not detect two English, and mud is concentrated subsequently and carried out landfill;
Tundish, oxidation furnace, reduction furnace furnace slag granulating cooling, ball milling and physical separation, wet treatment, Metallurgical processing afterwards, reclaim valuable metal.
A kind of low-grade copper of the present invention smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, and oxidation furnace, reduction furnace are one of following type of furnace: reverberatory furnace, rotary furnace, tilting furnace.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following notable superiority:
1. pair low-grade copper, optimum airborne release level smelted by existing reverberatory furnace is 30mg/m3, but patent of the present invention adopts the low cost smelting equipment containing flue dust total system, and flue dust airborne release dust concentration is better than 0.500mg/m3; To low-grade copper, the existing inventive technique containing shaft furnace can't be smelted in industry, therefore yet there are no in existing Copper making and the technology of dust disposal is reported;
2. when in low-grade copper containing copper scap, recycled copper, because being easily mixed into the flame retardant etc. of plastics, brominated aromatic hydrocarbons, existing smelting and dust treatment technology produce two English certainly in flue dust, the technology of the present invention makes the existence being discharged in the flue dust of air to eliminate two English processed through flue dust total system of the present invention, can't detect two English, there is great social benefit;
3. adopt low-grade copper raw material, prior art is actual to smelt, and the present invention can melting continuously, it is achieved that the normal smelting high-purity anode copper of low-grade copper raw material, such as 1 shaft furnace, 2 tundish, 4 oxidation furnaces, 4 reduction furnaces, annual capacity reaches more than 550,000 tons.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The blister copper that the copper scap of raw copper content 60.0wt% is smelted with copper matte regulus;What low cost was equipped is configured to 1 shaft furnace, 2 tundish, 4 oxidation furnaces, 4 reduction furnaces, fuel heavy oil, shaft furnace continuous melting low-grade copper, tundish collects low-grade copper liquation to rated capacity, then the fusing of shaft furnace is suspended, open tundish muff, separating bottom tundish and shaft furnace, mobile tundish, by oxidation furnace, is skimmed, and the copper melt in tundish is poured into oxidation furnace, the slag of cleaning tundish bottom, copper melt completes oxidizing process in oxidation furnace, then passes through the reserved Pai Tongkou of oxidation furnace, adds a cover thermal insulation chute copper melt is transported to reduction furnace, completes reduction process in reduction furnace, is incubated afterwards and waters and casts out high-quality positive plate, meanwhile, after this tundish separates with shaft furnace, being engaged with bottom shaft furnace by another tundish, close tundish muff outside tundish, again the fusing of shaft furnace, control shaft furnace, tundish, reduction furnace combustion gas be reproducibility, oxidation furnace combustion gas be oxidisability, shaft furnace flue dust respectively enters reduction furnace by its utilidor, high temperature blower, reduction furnace flue dust is partially into bottom shaft furnace respectively through its utilidor, high temperature blower, is partially into matched oxidation furnace, oxidation furnace flue dust is by qualified discharge after its utilidor, entrance flue dust main pipeline, flue dust total system, this flue dust main pipeline outside weld trachea, trachea is outer equipped with good insulation material, at least two trachea utilizes the high-temperature smoke flow through in this flue dust main pipeline respectively the nitrogen of air, space division to be heated, preheated air distributes to by control that shaft furnace burner is combustion-supporting, oxidation furnace burner is combustion-supporting, reduction furnace burner is combustion-supporting, the even spray apparatus of gas that pre-hot nitrogen is just passed in the reduction furnace of reduction process by security solenoid valve, even into copper melt pond, accelerate the reduction of copper melt, the even spray apparatus of gas that oxygen rich gas containing space division oxygen is just passed in the oxidation furnace of oxidizing process by security solenoid valve, even into copper melt pond, accelerates the oxidizing process of low-grade copper liquation, shaft furnace fusing low-grade copper, consider that reduction furnace flue dust enters the impact bottom shaft furnace, by the adjustment that the air of multiple shaft furnace burners and fuel quantity are supplied, realize the lapse of temperature from top to bottom of whole stock column, and only melt bottom stock column, it is responsible for the burner of fusing bottom stock column at shaft furnace and forms cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is reproducibility, constantly bottom fusing low-grade copper stock column, stock column is constantly descending, require to add low-grade copper packing material block according to low-grade copper furnace run at the top of shaft furnace, maintain whole stock column height to be basically unchanged, and this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream sweeps along a low-grade copper liquation tiltedly descending journey, then turn back above copper melt stream, cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is left in the combustion gas that wherein part is turned back on the one hand, then along shaft furnace stock column up one section, and by shaft furnace utilidor, high temperature blower respectively enters reduction furnace, this part burner that the amount of combustion gas is responsible for bottom stock column fusing by shaft furnace of turning back constantly supplements to cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, on the other hand after low-grade copper liquation and cyclic high-temperature gas jet separation by inertia through the path of the shortest high temperature, enter the tundish of preheating, descend most row's burner to be responsible for tundish preheating at shaft furnace, relay cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream copper melt that shaft furnace melt is incubated, control the temperature of this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, tundish reproducibility combustion gas temperature at 1400 DEG C,When the copper melt in this tundish reaches its rated capacity, reduce the fuel of the burner of cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream and the supply of air, make the cooling of this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, suspend the fusing bottom shaft furnace stock column, improve the temperature of tundish copper melt, open tundish muff, remove this tundish, the bottom of such continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column, respectively at different oxidation furnace oxidation low-grade copper liquations, respectively at different reduction furnace reduction, insulation casting high-quality positive plate, shaft furnace flue dust experience 855 DEG C, 6.5s, wherein 1130 DEG C of temperatures above 4.3s of experience in this process, the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling cleaner unit controlling to go out from oxidoreduction fire grate is 500 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance of this whirlwind chilling cleaner unit bypasses into the dry cold air of high pressure, cooling it is sufficiently mixed rapidly with flue dust, drive flue dust gaseous mixture body high speed rotating simultaneously, in the motor process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixing gas is the metallic conduit pressure high speed heat-shift of logical cooling water with in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit again, by regulating temperature and the air velocity of dry cold air, regulate temperature and the water velocity of the cooling water led in metallic conduit, flue dust mixing gas is made to drop to 195 DEG C in 0.2s, on the other hand, particulate matter big in flue dust mixing gas limit rotation limit under the influence of centrifugal force is downwardly into the hopper of whirlwind chilling cleaner unit, is automatically cleared when big particulate matter reaches a certain amount of by observation window, logical cooling water pipe pipeline outer wall in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit keeps cleaning, efficient high-speed and flue dust mixing gas heat-shift by low frequency acoustic wave soot blower, subsequently, flue dust mixing gas enters flue dust thermoregulator, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixing gas in advance, take the partially dried air that dry cold air, flue dust main pipeline preheat to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixing gas so that it is temperature is higher than the dew point 185 DEG C of flue dust mixing gas before leaving sack cleaner, what flue dust mixing gas was airtight through tower surface controls the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixing gas comes in and goes out, enter the airtight filter that drenches with rain controlling its discrepancy, the filter flue dust gaseous mixture speed of moving body that just entered to drench with rain reduces at least 55% immediately, the filter that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is 200mm/h, and the speed of spray raindrop speed before contact deluge device base plate reaches 1.0m/s, the filter that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, major part area is separated by dividing plate, it is provided with drainage screen in the general orientation of flue dust mixing gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixing gas enters next lattice through drainage screen, the 180 �� of changes of flue dust mixing gas motion general orientation, so moving, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixing gas, at the processed 10min in filter that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan, flue dust mixing gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in filter, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixing air exchange structure, ensure the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows relatively drench with rain filter single lattice in the position of the upper, middle and lower changing all the time, it is ensured that flue dust mixing gas is caught in the rain filter uniform treatment, PM2.5 is had good filtering function by drainage screen, drainage screen does not stop have complete rain film strips to walk the fine particle retained, flue dust mixing gas from high temperature be caught in the rain filter quickly spray low temperature, from dry horse back to the raindrop of disperse in reach capacity humidity, be in the cohesion of the fine particle in the flue dust mixing gas under dew point and grow up, favourable filtered net retains,Drench with rain filter rainwater recycle, regular moisturizing, sewage regularly pumps into sewage flocculation sedimentation tank, and the mud of collection could not detect two English, and mud is concentrated subsequently and carried out landfill; The furnace slag granulating cooling of oxidoreduction stove, ball milling and physical separation, wet treatment, Metallurgical processing afterwards, reclaims valuable metal; The concentration of emission of sulfide and nitride is same as the prior art; Low cost equipment can normally smelt high-quality positive plate, average copper content 99.15wt%, annual capacity 560000 tons; It is ultimately discharged into the dust of air lower than 0.495mg/m3, two English could not be detected.
Comparative example 1
The blister copper that the copper scap of raw copper content 60.0wt% is smelted with copper matte regulus, takes prior art to adopt reverberatory furnace and existing dust treatment system, and dust airborne release concentration is 30mg/m3, two English PCDFs toxic equivalents are at 0.200ng/g��3.250ng/g. And take prior art containing shaft furnace low cost equipment and existing dust treatment technology, due to prior art cannot melting continuously low-grade copper raw material, all but without related data.
Embodiment 2
Raw material is Cu content 72.8wt% copper scap and the secondary blister copper of copper scap smelting, fuel is natural gas, dry oxygen rich gas oxygen-containing 85% connects even spray apparatus top blast, cyclic high-temperature combustion gas flow temperature 1360 DEG C, thermal insulation chute reproducibility combustion gas at 1250 DEG C, shaft furnace flue dust utilidor and shaft furnace joint account for the 55% of whole shaft furnace height from the height bottom shaft furnace, more than this joint, shaft furnace inwall and from top add low-grade copper raw material between gap less than the gap between the following shaft furnace inwall in this joint and shaft furnace stock column, by the control of shaft furnace high temperature blower stop shaft furnace flue dust from shaft furnace top escape, shaft furnace flue dust, from entering reduction furnace, oxidation furnace, entering flue dust total system, in this process shaft furnace flue dust experience 851 DEG C, 6.5s again, wherein experiences 1130 DEG C of temperatures above 4.8s, the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling cleaner unit controlling to go out from oxidoreduction fire grate is 550 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance of this whirlwind chilling cleaner unit bypasses into the dry cold air of high pressure, cooling it is sufficiently mixed rapidly with flue dust, drive flue dust gaseous mixture body high speed rotating simultaneously, in the motor process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixing gas is the metallic conduit pressure high speed heat-shift of logical cooling water with in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit again, by regulating temperature and the air velocity of dry cold air, regulate temperature and the water velocity of the cooling water led in metallic conduit, flue dust mixing gas is made to drop to 200 DEG C in 0.18s, subsequently, flue dust mixing gas enters flue dust thermoregulator, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixing gas in advance, take the partially dried air that dry cold air, flue dust main pipeline preheat to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixing gas so that it is temperature is higher than the dew point 180 DEG C of flue dust mixing gas before leaving sack cleaner, what flue dust mixing gas was airtight through tower surface controls the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixing gas comes in and goes out, enter the airtight filter that drenches with rain controlling its discrepancy, the filter flue dust gaseous mixture speed of moving body that just entered to drench with rain reduces at least 78% immediately, the filter that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is 230mm/h, and the speed of spray raindrop speed before contact deluge device base plate reaches 5.0m/s, the filter that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, major part area is separated by dividing plate, it is provided with drainage screen in the general orientation of flue dust mixing gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixing gas enters next lattice through drainage screen, the 180 �� of changes of flue dust mixing gas motion general orientation, so moving, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixing gas, at the processed 12min in filter that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan,Flue dust mixing gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in filter, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixing air exchange structure, ensure the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows relatively drench with rain filter single lattice in the position of the upper, middle and lower changing all the time, it is ensured that flue dust mixing gas is caught in the rain filter uniform treatment; PM2.5 is had good filtering function by drainage screen, drainage screen does not stop have complete rain film strips to walk the fine particle retained; Flue dust mixing gas from high temperature be caught in the rain filter quickly spray low temperature, from dry horse back to the raindrop of disperse in reach capacity humidity, be in the cohesion of the fine particle in the flue dust mixing gas under dew point and grow up, favourable filtered net retains; Other is identical with embodiment 1; Above-mentioned low cost equipment can normally smelt positive plate, average copper content 99.20wt%, is ultimately discharged into the dust of air lower than 0.479mg/m3, two English could not be detected.
Embodiment 3
Raw material is Cu content 88.3wt% copper scap and the secondary blister copper of copper scap smelting, fuel is natural gas, dry oxygen rich gas oxygen-containing 75% connects even spray apparatus top blast and side-blown, cyclic high-temperature combustion gas flow temperature 1340 DEG C, thermal insulation chute reproducibility combustion gas at 1240 DEG C, shaft furnace flue dust reenters shaft furnace, the former shaft furnace flue dust of another part with oxidoreduction stove flue dust entrance flue dust total system from entrance oxidoreduction stove, oxidized reduction furnace burner combustion, part former shaft furnace flue dust with the partial reductive combustion gas of oxidoreduction stove, shaft furnace flue dust experience 857 DEG C, 6.3s, wherein 1130 DEG C of temperatures above 4.1s of experience in this process, the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling cleaner unit controlling to go out from oxidoreduction fire grate is 530 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance of this whirlwind chilling cleaner unit bypasses into the dry cold air of high pressure, cooling it is sufficiently mixed rapidly with flue dust, drive flue dust gaseous mixture body high speed rotating simultaneously, in the motor process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixing gas is the metallic conduit pressure high speed heat-shift of logical cooling water with in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit again, by regulating temperature and the air velocity of dry cold air, regulate temperature and the water velocity of the cooling water led in metallic conduit, flue dust mixing gas is made to drop to 200 DEG C in 0.17s, subsequently, flue dust mixing gas enters flue dust thermoregulator, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixing gas in advance, take the partially dried air that dry cold air, flue dust main pipeline preheat to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixing gas so that it is temperature is higher than the dew point 180 DEG C of flue dust mixing gas before leaving sack cleaner, what flue dust mixing gas was airtight through tower surface controls the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixing gas comes in and goes out, enter the airtight filter that drenches with rain controlling its discrepancy, the filter flue dust gaseous mixture speed of moving body that just entered to drench with rain reduces at least 90% immediately, the filter that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is 240mm/h, and the speed of spray raindrop speed before contact deluge device base plate reaches 5.0m/s, the filter that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, major part area is separated by dividing plate, it is provided with drainage screen in the general orientation of flue dust mixing gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixing gas enters next lattice through drainage screen, the 180 �� of changes of flue dust mixing gas motion general orientation, so moving, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixing gas, at the processed 11min in filter that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan, flue dust mixing gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in filter, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixing air exchange structure, ensure the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows relatively drench with rain filter single lattice in the position of the upper, middle and lower changing all the time, it is ensured that flue dust mixing gas is caught in the rain filter uniform treatment, PM2.5 is had good filtering function by drainage screen, drainage screen does not stop have complete rain film strips to walk the fine particle retained,Flue dust mixing gas from high temperature be caught in the rain filter quickly spray low temperature, from dry horse back to the raindrop of disperse in reach capacity humidity, be in the cohesion of the fine particle in the flue dust mixing gas under dew point and grow up, favourable filtered net retains; Other is identical with embodiment 1; Above-mentioned low cost equipment can normally smelt positive plate, average copper content 99.26wt%, is ultimately discharged into the dust of air lower than 0.481mg/m3, two English could not be detected.
Claims (2)
1. low-grade copper smelts an environment protection method for high-quality positive plate, and smelting equipment includes a shaft furnace, at least two tundish, tundish muff, at least two oxidation furnaces, at least two reduction furnaces, a set of flue dust total systems, it is characterized in that:
1) total in low-grade copper raw material copper content 60wt% and more than, low-grade copper is at least one of following raw materials according: recycled copper, copper scap, the copper scap secondary blister copper smelted, the blister copper smelted by copper matte regulus; Shaft furnace continuous melting low-grade copper, tundish collects low-grade copper liquation to rated capacity, then the fusing of shaft furnace is suspended, open tundish muff, separating bottom tundish and shaft furnace, mobile tundish, by oxidation furnace, is skimmed, and the copper melt in tundish is poured into oxidation furnace, the slag of cleaning tundish bottom; Copper melt completes oxidizing process in oxidation furnace, then passes through the Pai Tongkou that oxidation furnace is reserved, adds a cover thermal insulation chute and copper melt is transported to reduction furnace, complete reduction process in reduction furnace, is incubated afterwards and waters and casts out high-quality positive plate; Meanwhile, after this tundish separates with shaft furnace, being engaged with bottom shaft furnace by another tundish, close tundish muff outside tundish, again the fusing of shaft furnace; Low-grade copper raw material melting continuously becomes copper content more than 99.10wt% high-quality positive plate;
2) shaft furnace fusing low-grade copper, consider that reduction furnace flue dust enters the impact bottom shaft furnace, by the adjustment that the air of multiple shaft furnace burners and fuel quantity are supplied, realize the lapse of temperature from top to bottom of whole stock column, and only melt bottom stock column, it is responsible for the burner of fusing bottom stock column at shaft furnace and forms cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is reproducibility, constantly bottom fusing low-grade copper stock column, stock column is constantly descending, require to add the low-grade copper packing material block through dehumidifying according to low-grade copper furnace run at the top of shaft furnace, maintain whole stock column height to be basically unchanged, and this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream sweeps along a low-grade copper liquation tiltedly descending journey, then turn back above copper melt stream, cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is left in the combustion gas that wherein part is turned back on the one hand, then along shaft furnace stock column up one section, and by shaft furnace utilidor, high temperature blower respectively enters reduction furnace, this part burner that the amount of combustion gas is responsible for bottom stock column fusing by shaft furnace of turning back constantly supplements to cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, enter, by inertia, the tundish preheated through the path of the shortest high temperature on the other hand after low-grade copper liquation and cyclic high-temperature gas jet separation, row's burner is descended most to be responsible for tundish preheating at shaft furnace, the copper melt insulation that shaft furnace is melted by relay cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, control the temperature of this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, tundish reproducibility combustion gas temperature at 1120��1400 DEG C, and two temperature along with in raw material the reduction of copper content and increase, when the copper melt in this tundish reaches its rated capacity, reduce the fuel of the burner of cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream and the supply of air, this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream is made to lower the temperature, suspend the fusing bottom shaft furnace stock column, improve the temperature of tundish copper melt, open tundish muff, remove this tundish, another tundish is engaged with bottom shaft furnace, when in tundish temperature when ranging up to require for 1120��1400 DEG C, control this cyclic high-temperature combustion gas stream, restart bottom fusing shaft furnace stock column, until this tundish reaches its specified copper melt amount, suspend the fusing of shaft furnace low-grade copper stock column again, improve the temperature of this tundish copper melt, remove this tundish, the bottom of such continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column, respectively at different oxidation furnace oxidation low-grade copper liquations, respectively in different reduction furnace reduction, insulation casting high-quality positive plate,Flameless combustion mode taked by oxidation furnace burner, reduction furnace burner;
3) control the combustion gas of shaft furnace to be reproducibility, reduction furnace combustion gas be reproducibility, the combustion gas of oxidation furnace is oxidisability, and shaft furnace flue dust respectively enters reduction furnace by its utilidor, high temperature blower, reduction furnace flue dust is partially into bottom shaft furnace respectively through its utilidor, high temperature blower, is partially into matched oxidation furnace, oxidation furnace flue dust enters flue dust main pipeline, qualified discharge after entrance flue dust total system by its utilidor, this flue dust main pipeline outside weld trachea, trachea is outer equipped with good insulation material, at least two trachea utilizes the high-temperature smoke flow through in this flue dust main pipeline respectively to dry air, the drying nitrogen of space division is heated, it is combustion-supporting that preheated air distributes to shaft furnace burner by control, oxidation furnace burner is combustion-supporting, reduction furnace burner is combustion-supporting, the on-demand use of flue dust thermoregulator of flue dust total system, the even spray apparatus of gas that preheating and drying nitrogen is just passed in the reduction furnace of reduction process by security solenoid valve, even into copper melt pond, accelerate the reduction of copper melt, the even spray apparatus of gas that oxygen rich gas containing space division dry oxygen is just passed in the oxidation furnace of oxidizing process by security solenoid valve, even into copper melt pond, accelerates the oxidizing process of low-grade copper liquation, control shaft furnace aerator, reduction furnace aerator, flue dust total system frequency modulation blower fan stop shaft furnace flue dust, reduction furnace flue dust, oxidation furnace flue dust uncontrollable discharge and escape,
4) flue dust total system is made up of whirlwind chilling cleaner unit, flue dust thermoregulator, sack cleaner, wet desulphurization denitrating tower, the filter that drenches with rain, frequency modulation blower fan, sewage flocculation sedimentation tank;
5) shaft furnace flue dust utilidor and shaft furnace joint account for the half of whole shaft furnace height to 2/3rds from the height bottom shaft furnace,, less than the gap between the following shaft furnace inwall in this joint and shaft furnace stock column, escape from shaft furnace top by the control of shaft furnace high temperature blower is stopped shaft furnace flue dust in gap between this joint above shaft furnace inwall and the low-grade copper raw material added from top; Shaft furnace flue dust enters reduction furnace burner combustion, the former shaft furnace flue dust of part enters oxidation furnace burner combustion, subsequently into flue dust total system, the former shaft furnace flue dust of part also reenters shaft furnace with reduction furnace flue dust, reenter reduction furnace, reentering oxidation furnace, shaft furnace flue dust at least experiences higher than 850 DEG C of more than 6s in this process, wherein 1120 DEG C of more than temperatures above 4s of experience;
6) the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling cleaner unit controlling to discharge from oxidation furnace is 500 DEG C��550 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance of this whirlwind chilling cleaner unit bypasses into the dry cold air of high pressure, cooling it is sufficiently mixed rapidly with flue dust, drive flue dust gaseous mixture body high speed rotating simultaneously, in the motor process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixing gas is the metallic conduit pressure high speed heat-shift of logical cooling water with in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit again, by regulating temperature and the air velocity of dry cold air, regulate temperature and the water velocity of the cooling water led in metallic conduit, flue dust mixing gas is made to drop to 195 DEG C��200 DEG C in 0.2s, on the other hand, particulate matter big in flue dust mixing gas limit rotation limit under the influence of centrifugal force is downwardly into the hopper of whirlwind chilling cleaner unit, is automatically cleared when big particulate matter reaches a certain amount of by observation window, logical cooling water pipe pipeline outer wall in whirlwind chilling cleaner unit keeps clean and effective high speed and flue dust mixing gas heat-shift by low frequency acoustic wave soot blower,
7) subsequently, flue dust mixing gas enters flue dust thermoregulator, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixing gas in advance, take the partially dried air that dry cold air, flue dust main pipeline preheat to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixing gas so that it is temperature is higher than the dew point of flue dust mixing gas before leaving sack cleaner;
8) what flue dust mixing gas was airtight through tower surface controls the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixing gas comes in and goes out, enter the airtight filter that drenches with rain controlling its discrepancy, the filter flue dust gaseous mixture speed of moving body that just entered to drench with rain reduces more than at least 50% immediately, the filter that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is at least 200mm/h, and the speed of spray raindrop speed before contact deluge device base plate reaches 1.0m/s��5.0m/s; The filter that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, major part area is separated by dividing plate, the single lattice end of general orientation at flue dust mixing gas motion is provided with drainage screen, flue dust mixing gas enters next lattice through drainage screen, the 180 �� of changes of flue dust mixing gas motion general orientation, such motion changes direction repeatedly, and flue dust mixing gas, at the processed at least 10min in filter that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan; Flue dust mixing gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in filter, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixing air exchange structure, ensure the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows relatively drench with rain filter single lattice in the position of the upper, middle and lower changing all the time, it is ensured that flue dust mixing gas is caught in the rain filter uniform treatment; PM2.5 is had good filtering function by drainage screen, drainage screen does not stop have complete rain film strips to walk the fine particle retained; Flue dust mixing gas quickly sprays low temperature from the high temperature filter that is caught in the rain, and reach capacity in from dry horse back to the raindrop of disperse humidity, is in the cohesion of the fine particle in the flue dust mixing gas under dew point and grows up, and favourable filtered net retains; It is ultimately discharged into the dust of air lower than 0.500mg/m3, two English could not be detected;
9) drench with rain filter rainwater recycle, regular moisturizing, regular sewage pumps into sewage flocculation sedimentation tank, and the mud of collection could not detect two English, and mud is concentrated subsequently and carried out landfill;
10) the furnace slag granulating cooling of tundish, oxidation furnace, reduction furnace, ball milling and physical separation afterwards, wet treatment, Metallurgical processing, reclaim valuable metal.
2. a kind of low-grade copper according to claim 1 smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, it is characterized in that oxidation furnace, reduction furnace are one of following type of furnace: reverberatory furnace, rotary furnace, tilting furnace.
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