CN104388105A - 一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于含有有机质的反应原料能源化的技术领域,特别涉及一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法。本发明装置由双阀门密闭进料装置、一级螺旋输送电机、一段中温热解炉、双阀门出料装置、二级螺旋输送电机、二段高温催化热解炉、催化剂模块、气液分离器、水冷凝器、水洗箱、引风机、净化器、气体储存箱构成。本发明方法通过中温热解将含有有机质的反应原料转化为生物炭和粗燃气,再通过高温催化重整将粗燃气转化为合成气,解决热解液的利用和危害,减少燃气净化投资和二次污染。本发明利用含有有机质的反应原料自身热解产生的水、CO2、有机质之间发生重整反应生成合成气,解决热解液的能量利用及危害问题,减少燃气净化投资和二次污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于含有有机质的反应原料能源化的技术领域,特别涉及一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法。
背景技术
含有有机质的反应原料中的有机质在低中温热解过程中主要转化为具有一定能量的液相燃料,其是由数百种有机物组成的复杂混合物质。热解产生的这种液体燃料含氧量高、含水量高,热值约为石油制品的50%左右,而且稳定性不好,难以作为燃料直接利用。同时,这种焦油是一种酸性粘稠液体物质,在实际工程运行中,极易附着在管道和设备内壁,造成管路的堵塞和设备的腐蚀,影响***的正常运行,甚至会造成可燃性气体泄漏污染现场环境或气体不能及时排出发生***危险事故。另外,由于城市污泥中含有大量N、S元素组成的有机物,产生的热解液具有难闻的刺激性气味,给现场环境造成污染。总的来说,生物质废物热解产生的热解液在品质上与实际使用的石油还存在较大差距,目前还不能称为真正意义上的液体燃料。但热解焦油中含有大量的大分子烃类化合物,是一种有用的宝贵能源。
目前,对生物油精制研究还存在许多的问题和瓶颈,把这种含有有机质的反应原料热解液提炼为真正意义上的液体石油进行产业化的应用,还需要一定的距离。同时生物质废物热解对设备的要求比较严格,同时在高温热解过程中容易产生熔融状态,对设备和工况的运行造成一定的影响。同时高温热解也易降低固相产物的利用特性以及产生的挥发性产物中会含有更多的污染性物质如污泥中的重金属,造成后续处理的难度。
发明内容
为了解决上述存在的问题,促进含有有机质的反应原料热解技术的应用推广,本发明提供了一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法,首先通过中温热解将含有有机质的反应原料转化为固相产物和粗燃气(非冷凝性和冷凝性混合气体),再通过高温催化重整将粗燃气转化为合成气,解决热解液的利用和危害,减少燃气净化投资和二次污染。
一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置,其中双阀门密闭进料装置、一段中温热解炉、二段高温催化热解炉、气液分离器、水冷凝器、水洗箱、引风机、净化器和气体储存箱顺次相连;一段中温热解炉分别与一级螺旋输送电机和双阀门出料装置相连;一段中温热解炉通过二级螺旋输送电机与二段高温催化热解炉相连;二段高温催化热解炉内设置催化剂模块。
所述一段中温热解炉采用管道热解炉,物料依靠螺旋输送。
所述催化剂模块采用Ni-分子筛复合催化剂。
一种使用连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置制备合成气的方法,包括如下步骤:
a.将含有有机质的反应原料通过连续密闭输送装置输送入一段中温热解炉进行中温无氧热解,得到气相产物(冷凝性和非冷性气体)及固相产物;
b.将步骤a中所得固相产物外排作为土壤改良剂,而气相产物直接通入填充有催化剂的二段高温催化热解炉,气相产物中的CO2、水蒸气与有机质在催化剂表面发生干式或湿式重整反应转化为合成气。
所述含有有机质的反应原料为城市垃圾、污水污泥和秸秆中的一种或多种。
所述步骤a中一段中温热解炉温度为450℃~550℃。
所述步骤b中二段高温催化热解炉的温度为800℃~1000℃。
所述催化剂为Ni-分子筛复合催化剂。
所述合成气为H2和CO。
本发明固相的进出料采用双阀门密闭装置,满足工艺的连续进料和密闭的双重要求。
本发明所得合成气经过气液分离、冷凝、碱洗、干燥等系列的净化装置,达到较纯净的合成气组分。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明利用含有有机质的反应原料自身热解产生的水、CO2、有机质之间发生重整反应生成合成气,解决热解液的能量利用及危害问题,减少燃气净化投资和二次污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明城市污泥中温热解的三相产率随热解温度的变化曲线;
图2为本发明不同催化剂对城市污泥二段催化热解的气体组分含量图;
图3为本发明连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置结构示意图;
图中标号:1-双阀门密闭进料装置、2-一级螺旋输送电机、3-一段中温热解炉、4-双阀门出料装置、5-二级螺旋输送电机、6-二段高温催化热解炉、7-催化剂模块、8-气液分离器、9-水冷凝器、10-水洗箱、11-引风机、12-净化器、13-气体储存箱。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的具体技术方法和装置进行详细、完整的描述说明,所描述的具体实施方式仅是本发明的部分事例,而不是全部实例。本领域技术人员没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置,双阀门密闭进料装置1、一段中温热解炉3、二段高温催化热解炉6、气液分离器8、水冷凝器9、水洗箱10、引风机11、净化器12和气体储存箱13顺次相连;一段中温热解炉3分别与一级螺旋输送电机2和双阀门出料装置4相连;一段中温热解炉3通过二级螺旋输送电机5与二段高温催化热解炉6相连;二段高温催化热解炉6内设置催化剂模块7。
所述一段中温热解炉3采用管道热解炉,物料依靠螺旋输送。
所述催化剂模块7采用Ni-分子筛复合催化剂。
本发明提供了一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置及方法,可以实现密闭状态下连续进出料,把含有有机质的反应原料中的有机质转化合成气和生物炭,图3所示为本发明连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置结构示意图,本发明制备合成气方法的主要步骤为:
1)取Ni-分子筛复合催化剂,适量填充在二段高温催化热解炉6内,调节使二段高温催化热解炉6处于优化后的稳定状态;
2)当一段中温热解炉3温度达到450℃~550℃及二段高温催化热解炉6炉温到800℃~900℃时,取干化含有有机质的反应原料(含水率10%~20%)进入双阀门密闭进料装置1的进料箱;
3)打开进料箱的上端阀门,含有有机质的反应原料进入进料储备箱,打开下端阀门,关闭上端阀门,保证进料箱处于密封状态;
4)通过调节温控仪和输送电机,控制一段中温热解炉3的炉温处于中温状态(<600℃)和合适的物料停留时间,如城市污泥的一段中温热解温度在450℃~550℃,停留时间为30min~40min;
5)一段中温热解炉3内的固相产物通过双阀门的方式在密闭状态下直接排出,进入冷却水体后储存作为生物炭;
6)一段中温热解产生的热解气体(冷凝和非冷凝性气体)直接进入二段高温催化热解炉6,通过二段温控仪控制二段高温催化热解炉6炉温在800℃~900℃;
7)通过调节含有有机质的反应原料含水率,使一段中温热解产生的挥发性产物中的水蒸气、CO2和有机质的比例适合重整为所需要的合成气;
8)二段催化热解产生的合成气通过气液分离器8、水冷凝器9、水洗箱10、引风机11、净化器12进入气体储存箱13;
9)以城市污泥作为物料为例,取含水率10%左右的干化污泥,干化污泥在一段中温热解炉3内的在不同温度下的三相产物产出率的变化如图2,城市污泥中温热解温度在450℃~550℃,挥发性产物达到最大值,固相产物产率基本稳定;
10)城市污泥中温热解挥发性产物在二段高温催化热解炉6炉温为900℃,不同催化剂作用下,产生的合成气的比例不同,以Ni-分子筛复合催化剂的催化效果较好,见图2及表2;
表2不同催化剂的城市污泥二段催化热解的气体组分数据表
11)城市污泥在一段中温热解炉3的热解终温为500℃、停留时间为30min的运行工况条件下,二段高温催化热解炉6炉温为900℃,催化剂为Ni-分子筛复合催化剂作用下,产生的气体组成:H2体积组分含量50%左右,CO含量35%左右,CH4含量约为5%左右,非可燃性气体N2和CO2约6%。
Claims (9)
1.一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置,其特征在于:双阀门密闭进料装置(1)、一段中温热解炉(3)、二段高温催化热解炉(6)、气液分离器(8)、水冷凝器(9)、水洗箱(10)、引风机(11)、净化器(12)和气体储存箱(13)顺次相连;一段中温热解炉(3)分别与一级螺旋输送电机(2)和双阀门出料装置(4)相连;一段中温热解炉(3)通过二级螺旋输送电机(5)与二段高温催化热解炉(6)相连;二段高温催化热解炉(6)内设置催化剂模块(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置,其特征在于:所述一段中温热解炉(3)采用管道热解炉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置,其特征在于:所述催化剂模块(7)采用Ni-分子筛复合催化剂。
4.一种使用权利要求1~3任意一项权利要求所述的连续式二段催化热解制合成气的装置制备合成气的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
a.将含有有机质的反应原料通过连续密闭输送装置输送入一段中温热解炉(3)进行中温无氧热解,得到气相产物及固相产物;
b.将步骤a中所得气相产物直接通入填充有催化剂的二段高温催化热解炉(6),气相产物中的CO2、水蒸气与有机质在催化剂表面发生干式或湿式重整反应转化为合成气。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述含有有机质的反应原料为城市垃圾、污水污泥和秸秆中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤a中一段中温热解炉(3)温度为450℃~550℃。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中二段高温催化热解炉(6)的温度为800℃~1000℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为Ni-分子筛复合催化剂。
9.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述合成气为H2和CO。
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